ELI5 Earthquakes - how do they design buildings to withstand them?

ELI5 Explain Like I'm 5: Bite sized answers to stuff you should know about - in a mini podcast

If an earthquake is the moving of a giant plate, why is the epicenter a single point and not the entire fault line? How do they make buildings earthquake proof? When did an earthquake shift an entire island?

... We explain like i'm five!

Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: tridax00, pychomp, abtino11, raidere, tattedspyder, moodoperator, mesaisthesenate, uyscutipuffjr, mintaka3579 & spcialkfpc

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