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蘇老師講解國際新聞、中東與中亞歷史、中國事務、太空知識的頻道。 Diplomat's daily news review and history research on Middle East and Central Asia, China Affairs and Space Exploration
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2021.12.31 國際新聞導讀-伊朗發射運載火箭到太空並將三樣物品射入太空、非洲伊斯蘭國組織與泥日奈及利亞軍交戰、波灣阿拉伯國家貨幣統合、敘利亞拉塔基亞港口受以國空軍空襲
Manage episode 316190941 series 2948782
2021.12.31 國際新聞導讀-伊朗發射運載火箭到太空並將三樣物品射入太空、非洲伊斯蘭國組織與泥日奈及利亞軍交戰、波灣阿拉伯國家貨幣統合、敘利亞拉塔基亞港口受以國空軍空襲
六名尼日利亞和尼日爾軍隊被伊斯蘭國殺害,安全部隊說
來自兩國的兩名軍官和其他四名軍官被殺,16人受傷。
通過路透
一支聯合軍事部隊週四表示,來自尼日利亞和尼日爾的六名士兵在本月的一次行動中被伊斯蘭國西非省(ISWAP)武裝分子打死。
五年前從博科聖地分裂出來並宣誓效忠伊斯蘭國的ISWAP一直在乍得湖地區與來自貝寧、喀麥隆、乍得、尼日利亞和尼日爾的軍隊作戰。
多國聯合特遣部隊 (MTJF) 發言人穆罕默德·多爾上校在一份聲明中說,由尼日利亞和尼日爾士兵組成的多國聯合特遣部隊 (MTJF) 以乍得湖盆地附近的伊斯蘭叛亂分子為目標,但遭到強烈抵抗,並遭到迫擊砲襲擊和簡易爆炸裝置的攻擊。
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多爾說,兩國的兩名軍官和其他四名軍官被殺,16 人受傷,但沒有提供確切日期。他說,22 名武裝分子被打死,17 人被俘,而槍支卡車和其他武器和彈藥被摧毀。
據聯合國稱,襲擊發生的地區是尼日利亞東北部博爾諾州的一部分,該州是伊斯蘭叛亂的中心,約有 30 萬人死亡,數百萬人依賴援助。
2015 年,什葉派武裝分子在巴格達以北的拜吉向伊斯蘭國武裝分子發射火箭(圖片來源:THAIER AL-SUDANI/REUTERS)
博爾諾州長宣布計劃在本月底之前關閉州首府邁杜古里的所有境內流離失所者營地,理由是最近幾個月安全狀況有所改善,數千名博科聖地戰士已投降。
但博爾諾各地的激進襲擊正在引發成千上萬流離失所者對返回家園的恐懼。
Six Nigerian, Niger troops killed by Islamic State, security forces say
Two officers and four other ranks from both countries were killed and 16 wounded.
By REUTERS
Published: DECEMBER 30, 2021 21:47
Iraqi forces and Kurdish Peshmerga fighters deploy in an intensive security operation earlier this month to regain control over Luhaiban village in Kirkuk after Islamic State had seized the Iraqi village.
(photo credit: AKO RASHEED/REUTERS)
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Six troops from Nigeria and Niger were killed by Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP) militants during an operation this month, a joint military force said on Thursday.
ISWAP, which split from Boko Haram five years ago and pledged allegiance to Islamic State, has been fighting troops from Benin, Cameroon, Chad, Nigeria and Niger in the Lake Chad region.
A Multinational Joint Task Force (MTJF) comprising soldiers from Nigeria and Niger had targeted Islamist insurgents near Lake Chad basin but met strong resistance and came under fire from mortar attacks and improvised explosive devices, MTJF spokesman Colonel Muhammad Dole said in a statement.
Two officers and four other ranks from both countries were killed and 16 wounded, Dole said, without providing an exact date. Twenty-two militants were killed and 17 captured while gun trucks and other weapons and ammunition were destroyed, he said.
The region were the attacks took place is part of Nigeria's northeastern Borno state, the center of the Islamist insurgency in which about 300,000 people have died and millions left dependent on aid, according to the United Nations.
Shi'ite fighters fire a rocket toward Islamic State militants in Baiji, north of Baghdad, 2015 (credit: THAIER AL-SUDANI/REUTERS)
The governor of Borno has announced plans to close all camps for internally displaced persons in the state capital Maiduguri by the end of this month, citing improved security and the surrender of thousands of Boko Haram fighters in recent months.
But militant attacks across Borno are stoking fears among the thousands of displaced people about returning home.
專家警告Omicron“暴風雪”將在下個月擾亂美國
隨著假期旅行的增加,新年慶祝活動的到來,以及學校努力解決學生在寒假後重返課堂的問題,人數激增。
通過路透
發佈時間: 2021 年 12 月 30 日 18:27
在這張 2021 年 12 月 11 日拍攝的插圖中,人們在顯示的“OMICRON SARS-COV-2”字樣前擺出帶有針頭的注射器
(照片來源:路透社/DADO RUVIC/插圖/文件照片)
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美國衛生專家週四警告美國人,由 Omicron 變體導致的 COVID-19 病例的上升趨勢威脅到他們的生活,從學校到購物,並敦促他們現在為未來充滿挑戰的一個月做好準備。
路透社的統計數據顯示,根據 7 天的平均值,美國連續第二天新增病例數創歷史新高,每天報告的新感染病例超過 290,000 例。
根據統計,至少有 18 個州和波多黎各為新病例創造了大流行病記錄。馬里蘭州、俄亥俄州和華盛頓特區的住院人數也創下歷史新高,因為美國 COVID 住院總人數增加了 27%。
隨著假期旅行的增加,新年慶祝活動的到來,以及學校努力解決學生在寒假後重返課堂的問題,人數激增。
“我們將看到這個國家的病例數量急劇上升,我們將很難維持日常生活的正常運轉,”明尼蘇達大學傳染病專家邁克爾奧斯特霍爾姆博士告訴 MSNBC。
聖誕節前夕,紐約市皇后區 Omicron 冠狀病毒變種傳播期間航班取消(來源:REUTERS/DIEU-NALIO CHERY)
“下個月將是一場病毒式暴風雪,”他說。“整個社會都將受到這種壓力。”
美國最高傳染病官員安東尼·福奇博士周三表示,到 1 月底,病例可能會增加。他和其他美國衛生官員表示,早期數據顯示 Omicron 似乎不那麼嚴重,但他們繼續推動接種疫苗、戴口罩和保持身體距離。
專家警告說,隨著檢測短缺和突破性病例,激增將在未來幾週內顛覆醫院、應急響應服務、學校和零售商等。
一個擁有 846 英尺臨水面的傳奇紐約莊園以 1460 萬美元的價格上市由 Mansion Global 贊助
“我們必須非常小心,不要對 Omicron 過於輕視,”貝勒醫學院的傳染病專家 Peter Hoetz 博士告訴 CNN。
Hoetz 說,由於醫護人員因自己的 COVID 病例而被排除在外,住院人數增加也令人擔憂,有效的治療方法也越來越少。“我們正處於一段非常嚴肅的時期。”
數據顯示,自 2020 年初以來,美國已有 825,663 人死於 COVID 病毒,最新一波住院治療是由未接種疫苗的人推動的。
喬拜登總統本月制定了新的計劃來對抗 Omicron 驅動的浪潮,包括聯邦對醫院的增援和更多的測試。但一些專家表示,這太少了,太晚了。
然而,到目前為止,儘管一些經濟學家表示謹慎,但經濟似乎穩定。
雖然航空旅行受到廣泛干擾,一些受災嚴重的地區企業停業並取消活動,但其他活動指標——例如假日銷售——卻一直保持不變。
勞動力市場也在堅守陣地。美國勞工部周四表示,上週新申領失業救濟金人數降至大流行時期的最低水平。
A Bespoke Toronto Mansion With Room for a Fleet of CarsSponsored by Mansion Global
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儘管如此,追踪大約 50,000 家小型企業數據的 Homebase 的經濟主管傑森格林伯格表示,他預計 1 月的第一周將比Omicron之前的預測要慢。
格林伯格告訴路透社:“1 月剩餘時間可能取決於州和市公共衛生政策和流行病學數據。”
學校如何應對激增的情況也很關鍵,尤其是對於在職父母而言,華盛頓和紐約的系統誓言通過更多測試保持開放。
美國教育部長米格爾卡多納承認人員配備問題,但敦促學校採取措施讓孩子們留在教室裡。
與去年的停工不同,“我們現在有更好的工具。它們應該保持開放,”他告訴 MSNBC,並補充說聯邦資金仍然可用於加強人員配備和測試。
與此同時,一些美國大學推遲了下學期的開學或轉向在線學習。
“我們確實在隧道盡頭有光,”奧斯特霍爾姆說。“但就目前而言,你將不得不蹲下。”
Experts warn Omicron 'blizzard' to disrupt US for next month
The surge comes amid increased holiday travel, with New Year's celebrations still to come, and as schools grapple with students' return to classrooms following winter breaks.
By REUTERS
Published: DECEMBER 30, 2021 18:27
People pose with syringe with needle in front of displayed words "OMICRON SARS-COV-2" in this illustration taken, December 11, 2021
(photo credit: REUTERS/DADO RUVIC/ILLUSTRATION/FILE PHOTO)
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US health experts on Thursday warned Americans that a rising tide of COVID-19 cases led by the Omicron variant threatens major disruptions to their lives, from schools to shopping, and urged them to prepare now for a challenging month ahead.
For the second day in a row, the United States had a record number of new cases based on the seven-day average, with more than 290,000 new infections reported each day, a Reuters tally showed.
At least 18 states and Puerto Rico have set pandemic records for new cases, according to the tally. Maryland, Ohio and Washington, DC, also saw record hospitalizations as overall US COVID hospitalizations rose 27%.
The surge comes amid increased holiday travel, with New Year's celebrations still to come, and as schools grapple with students' return to classrooms following winter breaks.
"We are going to see the number of cases in this country rise so dramatically, we are going to have a hard time keeping everyday life operating," Dr. Michael Osterholm, an infectious disease expert at the University of Minnesota, told MSNBC.
Flights canceled during the spread of the Omicron coronavirus variant on Christmas Eve in Queens, New York City (credit: REUTERS/DIEU-NALIO CHERY)
"The next month is going to be a viral blizzard," he said. "All of society is going to be pressured by this."
Dr. Anthony Fauci, the nation's top infectious disease official, on Wednesday said cases will likely rise through the end of January. He and other US health officials have said early data shows Omicron appears less severe, but they have continued to push vaccinations, masks and physical distancing.
With testing shortages and breakthrough cases, experts warn the surge will upend hospitals, emergency response services, schools and retailers, among others, in the coming weeks.
"We have to be really careful about being too dismissive of Omicron," Dr. Peter Hoetz, an infectious disease expert at Baylor College of Medicine, told CNN.
Rising hospitalizations as healthcare workers are sidelined with their own COVID cases is also concerning, as are fewer effective therapeutics, Hoetz said. "We're in for a pretty serious time."
Already, 825,663 people have died in the United States from COVID since early 2020, data showed, with the latest wave of hospitalizations driven by those not vaccinated.
President Joe Biden this month laid out new plans to combat the Omicron-driven wave, including federal reinforcements for hospitals and more tests. But some experts have said it is too little, too late.
So far, however, the economy appears steady even as some economists express caution.
While airline travel has been widely disrupted and some hard-hit areas have seen shuttered businesses and canceled events, other measures of activity - such as holiday sales - have held up.
The labor market also is holding its ground. New claims for state unemployment benefits fell last week to their lowest level of the pandemic era, the Labor Department said on Thursday.
Still, Jason Greenberg, head of economics at Homebase, which tracks data for about 50,000 small businesses, said he expects the first week of January to be slower than projected before Omicron.
"The remainder of January will likely depend on state and municipal public health policy and epidemiological data," Greenberg told Reuters.
How schools handle the surge is also key, especially for working parents, with systems in Washington and New York vowing to stay open with more testing.
US Education Secretary Miguel Cardona acknowledged staffing issues but urged schools to take steps to keeps kids in classrooms.
Unlike last year's shutdowns, "we have better tools now. They should remain open," he told MSNBC, adding that federal funds remain available to bolster staffing and testing.
Meanwhile, some US colleges have delayed their next semesters or shifted online.
"We do have light at the end of the tunnel," Osterholm said. "But for right now, you're going to have to hunker down."
阿拉伯媒體的聲音:通往統一海灣貨幣的道路
每週精選全球阿拉伯媒體的觀點和分析
通過針對媒體線
發佈時間: 2021 年 12 月 30 日 17:29
卡塔爾多哈證券交易所的數據顯示,2021 年 1 月
(圖片來源:路透社/IBRAHEEM AL OMARI)
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阿聯酋,Al-Ittihad,12 月 24 日
有關 The Media Line 的更多故事,請訪問themedialine.org
過去 40 年來,海灣合作委員會國家在許多經濟領域取得了重要進展,例如取消對本國產品的稅收和關稅、統一關稅、互惠工作許可協議以及電氣和鐵路連通性。
然而,尚未實現的是唯一最重要的努力:為所有海灣國家採用統一的貨幣。當然,貨幣統一是經濟統一最困難的階段之一。在歐盟,單一貨幣是經過多年的基礎工作才被採用的。事實上,由於貨幣政策的複雜性及其對每個成員國整體金融狀況的重大影響,採用單一貨幣是合作中最複雜的方面。
與任何統一貨幣一樣,海灣貨幣的發行過程也面臨一些障礙,儘管由於其潛在成員國之間共享現有的經濟基礎設施,它是最有可能成功的貨幣(科威特除外,其貨幣與美元掛鉤)。
最緊迫的問題是需要建立一個海灣中央銀行,該中央銀行將享有完全的自治權,並不受單一成員國的任何政治干預。它將有一個由專業選舉產生的主席和董事會,並有充分的權力製定銀行的貨幣政策,以符合其對海灣經濟的願景。
海灣合作委員會 (GCC) 的外交部長於 2019 年 12 月 9 日在沙特阿拉伯利雅得舉行年度領導人峰會之前抵達。
海灣合作委員會國家目前沒有事實上的貨幣政策,因為它們與美元的關聯都遵循美元的貨幣政策;統一貨幣如果達成一致,最初也必須與美元掛鉤。尤其如此,因為在接受美聯儲 40 年的命令後,海灣合作委員會國家將需要在製定自己的貨幣政策方面發展更大的能力和專業知識。
在推出單一貨幣並確保其穩定後,海灣合作委員會國家將不得不進行廣泛的立法基礎工作,以最終打破與美元掛鉤。這將在確保海灣中央銀行完全主權的同時完成。
這些步驟都不容易,但它們很可能證明對海灣地區有益。
睡前很喝一物,隔夜離開“宿便”,瘦到靠背!由減肥達人推薦贊助
– 穆罕默德·阿蘇米
事實證明有些顏色在科威特是“聖地”
科威特,Al Qabas,12 月 22 日
我最近聽說了一個故事,科威特一家兒童玩具店被迫下架一些產品,因為這些產品的顏色類似於與同性戀社區相關的彩虹旗。當店主來海關放行產品時,值班人員拒絕配合,聲稱這些產品“在國內是非法的”。
店主沒有退縮,並解釋說它們是由國際品牌製造並銷往世界各地。該官員拒絕並聲稱他們“與撒旦的崇拜者有關聯”。
“這是商務部發布的禁令嗎?”店主問道,該官員回答說:“不是。” 這個軼事告訴我們,我們國家的一些決定是由有權勢的人根據自己的個人信念、世界觀和信仰做出的——沒有任何法律支持。
不幸的是,這樣的決定在隨意和臨時做出的決定之後,往往成為一種盲目適用於每個人的規範。
問商務部:如果商務部的一名員工一天早上醒來,決定美麗的藍色,這是我們象徵性的國色之一,實際上是與驢友有關的顏色——我們的國家足球隊會不會?被禁止穿著藍色制服?
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科威特航空公司是我們的國家航空公司,其機隊塗有標誌性的藍色制服,會被阻止在我們的領空飛行嗎?或者,如果相關部門的一位天才發現綠色或黃色在另一個國家被用作與無神論者相關的顏色,Al-Qadsiah 足球俱樂部會燒掉他們的襯衫並處理掉嗎?
事實是,我們絕不能允許員工、官僚或任何有權勢的人根據自己的奇思妙想和願望為我們所有人做決定。
不幸的是,根據一個官員的信念和氣質發佈公共決定並將其強加給人民的現像已經變得非常普遍。
最終,由我們來拒絕和蔑視這些決定,除非它們已經過相關部委的仔細評估並載入對所有公民都有約束力的法律。
– 伊克巴爾·艾哈邁德
伊朗核文件:2022 年將迎來協議還是戰爭?
Al-Masry Al-Youm,埃及,12 月 23 日
一年只剩下幾天了,很快我們將迎來2022年。隨著新年的到來,國際社會將面臨一些必須解決的危機,以防止戰爭和衝突。
也許其中最大的問題是伊朗危機,它表面上圍繞著伊朗是否會同意回到 2015 年的核協議並停止發展核武器以換取解除制裁的問題展開。
但事實是,等式已經變得更加複雜。這不再是美國前總統唐納德特朗普退出協議的錯誤,也不是喬拜登總統堅持重返協議的問題。問題是,整個危機已經發生了很大變化,沒有人可以簡單地抹去過去的四年並假裝它們從未發生過。
在美國方面,華盛頓失去了履行國際協議的信譽,沒有人可以明知故犯地保證新總統不會撤銷與伊朗達成的下一項協議。而在伊朗方面,美國的“極限施壓”政策、以色列進行的網絡軍事代理戰爭以及 COVID-19 的爆發將伊朗公眾推向了右翼,並導致了鷹派新政府的崛起。
毛拉政權也沒有坐等美國回到談判桌;他們利用這個機會加強伊朗在伊拉克、黎巴嫩、敘利亞和也門等鄰國的戰略參與。
過去四年裡,橋下流過很多水,美國和伊朗以外的地方也發生了變化。國際體係也發生了變化,一方面是中國的崛起,另一方面是俄羅斯的大膽。可以肯定的是,中國和俄羅斯這兩個國家都沒有興趣在全球大國名單中增加一個新的核國家。但與此同時,他們也很清楚,印度、巴基斯坦和以色列,以及其他擁有足夠突破能力成為核大國的國家,如朝鮮、日本,或許還有台灣和韓國,都已經違反了這一體系。以及。
美國和伊朗將繼續測試彼此的極限。伊朗正在向美國施加壓力,支持華盛頓的反對者,從西半球的委內瑞拉到中東的哈馬斯、真主黨和胡塞武裝,再到與中國簽署範圍廣泛的條約。
就美國而言,它正在通過以色列向伊朗施壓,以色列堅持將針對伊朗的軍事選擇留在桌面上。不幸的是,幾乎沒有犯錯的餘地。如果德黑蘭認為軍事選擇確實是一種可能性,它可能會尋求在以色列過早銷毀其核反應堆之前自行解決問題,就像它過去在伊拉克和敘利亞所做的那樣。
談判取得成功的最大希望是過去幾年影響伊朗的經濟和政治狀況,這在很大程度上是由於大流行。拜登急需成功,而伊朗政權正處於政治和經濟疲憊的狀態。在這方面,達成協議對雙方來說都是巨大的勝利。
– 阿卜杜勒·莫奈姆·賽義德
土耳其里拉的貶值和埃及鎊的堅挺
An-Nahar,黎巴嫩,12 月 20 日
埃及人民並沒有忘記穆斯林兄弟會成員長期以來如何實施他們認為是聖戰的活動,武裝自己,進行政治詭計和遊戲,犯罪並瞄准他們的媒體平台,以贏得打壓埃及鎊並在面對其他貨幣時貶值。
在埃及人民反抗兄弟會統治的革命之後,該組織的倖存成員竭盡全力進一步貶值埃及鎊,掠奪埃及人民的錢財。
許多人拿出大量美元現金,以限制其在埃及市場的流通、走私或在國內以高價轉售。他們抓住了每一個想要購買公寓、汽車或土地的公民,並誘使他以遠高於匯率的價格購買美元。
當埃及政府決定讓英鎊浮動並自由存放在銀行時,兄弟會立即受到了傷害。震驚之餘,他們迅速改變了計劃,希望找到其他方式推翻政權,恢復對埃及的控制。
但是埃及鎊一直堅挺,兄弟會還沒有回到總統府。他們將危機帶到了別處,到了土耳其,當地貨幣在那裡經歷了前所未有的自由落體。
以宗教的名義,兄弟會現在正忙著乞求人們捐款,以幫助土耳其經濟。幾個月前,穆斯林兄弟會成員盡其所能破壞自己國家的貨幣,然后慶祝埃及鎊貶值,這是多麼虛偽。
現在,他們對土耳其里拉的崩潰感到悲痛。但好消息是,儘管兄弟會盡了最大努力,但美元在埃及經濟中重新全面流通,埃及經濟正在迅速復蘇。
與此同時,兄弟會挽救土耳其里拉的努力沒有結果。
Voices from the Arab press: The path toward a unified Gulf currency
A weekly selection of opinions and analyses from the Arab media around the world
By THE MEDIA LINE
Published: DECEMBER 30, 2021 17:29
Displaying data at the Doha Stock Exchange in Qatar, January 2021
(photo credit: REUTERS/IBRAHEEM AL OMARI)
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Al-Ittihad, UAE, December 24
For more stories from The Media Line go to themedialine.org
Over the past 40 years, Gulf Cooperation Council countries have made important progress on many economic fronts, such as the removal of taxes and duties on national products, the harmonization of tariffs, reciprocal work permit agreements, and electrical and railway connectivity.
However, what has still not been achieved is the single most important endeavor: adopting a unified currency for all Gulf states. Of course, currency unification is one of the most difficult stages of economic unity. In the European Union, the single currency was adopted only after years and years of groundwork. Indeed, adopting a single currency is the most complex aspect of cooperation due to the complexity of monetary policies and their significant effects on the overall financial conditions of each member state.
Like with any unified currency, the process of issuing the Gulf currency faces several obstacles, although it is the currency that has the most chances for success thanks to the existing economic infrastructure shared between its potential member states (with the exception of Kuwait, whose currency is pegged to the US dollar).
The most pressing issue is the need to set up a Gulf central bank, which would enjoy full autonomy and would be protected from any political interference of a single member state. It would have a chairman and board of directors that would be professionally elected and have full power to draw up the bank’s monetary policies in line with its vision for the Gulf’s economy.
Foreign ministers of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) arrive, ahead of an annual leaders' summit in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, December 9, 2019. (credit: SAUDI PRESS AGENCY/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)
There are no de facto monetary policies in the GCC states at the present time since all of them follow the monetary policies of the US dollar by virtue of their association with it; the unified currency, if agreed upon, must initially be pegged to the dollar, as well. This is especially true since, after 40 years of taking orders from the US Federal Reserve, GCC states will need to develop greater competency and expertise in devising their own monetary policy.
After launching the single currency and ensuring its stability, GCC states would have to undertake extensive legislative groundwork in an effort to ultimately break the peg from the US dollar. This will be done while ensuring the complete sovereignty of the Gulf Central Bank.
None of these steps are easy, but they may very well prove rewarding for the Gulf region.
It Turns Out Some Colors Are ‘Haram’ in Kuwait
Al Qabas, Kuwait, December 22
I recently heard a story of a children’s toy store in Kuwait that was forced to take some of its products off the shelf because the colors of those products resembled the rainbow flag, associated with the gay community. When the store owner came to release the products from customs, the officer on duty refused to cooperate, claiming that these products were “illegal in the country.”
The store owner didn’t back down and explained that they are manufactured by an international brand and sold all over the world. The officer refused and claimed that they are “associated with the worshipers of Satan.”
“Was this ban issued by the Commerce Ministry,” the owner asked, to which the officer responded, “No.” What this anecdotal experience teaches us is that some decisions in our country are taken by people in a position of power based on their own personal convictions, worldviews, and beliefs – without any legal backing.
Unfortunately, after such decisions are made on an arbitrary and ad-hoc basis, they often become a norm that is blindly applied to everyone.
A question to the Commerce Ministry: If one of the employees of the ministry wakes up one morning and decides that the beautiful blue color, which is one of our symbolic national colors, is actually a color associated with donkey lovers – will our national football team be prohibited from wearing its blue uniform?
Will Kuwait Airways, our national carrier that adorns its fleet with an iconic blue livery, be prevented from flying in our airspace? Alternatively, if one of the geniuses in the relevant ministry discovers that green or yellow has been used as a color associated with atheists in another country, will the Al-Qadsiah Football Club burn their shirts and dispose of them?
The truth is that we must not allow employees, bureaucrats, or anyone in a position of power to make decisions for all of us according to their own whims and desires.
Unfortunately, the phenomenon of issuing public decisions based on the conviction and temperament of a single official, and imposing it upon the people, has become all too common.
Ultimately, it is up to us to reject these decisions and defy them, unless they’ve been carefully evaluated by the appropriate ministries and enshrined in law that is binding on all citizens.
– Iqbal Al-Ahmad
The Iranian Nuclear File: Will 2022 Usher in an Agreement or War?
Al-Masry Al-Youm, Egypt, December 23
Only a handful of days are left in the year and soon we will be welcoming in 2022. With the advent of the new year, the international community will be bequeathed a handful of crises that must be dealt with to prevent war and conflict.
Perhaps the biggest of these issues is the Iranian crisis, which appears on the surface to revolve around the question of whether Iran will agree to return to the 2015 nuclear agreement and stop the development of nuclear weapons in exchange for the lifting of sanctions.
But the truth is that the equation has become far more complex. It’s no longer about former US president Donald Trump’s mistake to withdraw from the agreement, nor is it about President Joe Biden’s insistence on returning to it. The thing is, the whole crisis has changed a lot and no one can simply erase the past four years and pretend they never happened.
On the American side, Washington lost its credibility to honor international agreements, and no one can knowingly guarantee that a new president won’t revoke the next agreement reached with Iran. And on the Iranian side, the American policy of “maximum pressure,” the cyber-military proxy wars carried out by Israel and the onset of COVID-19 pushed the Iranian public to the right and led to the rise of a hawkish new government.
And the mullah regime hasn’t sat idly by waiting for America to come back to the negotiation table; they took advantage of the opportunity to enhance Iran’s strategic involvement in neighboring countries like Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, and Yemen.
Much water has passed under the bridge in the past four years and changes also took place outside of the United States and Iran. The international system also changed, with the rise of China on the one hand, and the Russian audacity on the other hand. What is certain is that both countries, China and Russia, have no interest in adding a new nuclear state to the list of global powers. But at the same time, they know very well that this system has already been violated by India, Pakistan and Israel, alongside other countries that have enough breakthrough capability to become nuclear powers themselves, such as North Korea, Japan and perhaps Taiwan and South Korea as well.
The US and Iran will continue to test each other’s limits. Iran is applying pressure on the US by supporting Washington’s opponents ranging all the way from Venezuela in the Western Hemisphere to Hamas, Hezbollah and the Houthis in the Middle East, to signing wide-ranging treaties with China.
The United States, for its part, is pressuring Iran through Israel, which insists on leaving the military option against Iran on the table. Unfortunately, there is little room for error. If Tehran feels like the military option is truly a possibility, it may seek to take matters into its own hands before Israel prematurely destroys its nuclear reactors like it has done in Iraq and Syria in the past.
The biggest hope for negotiations to succeed is the economic and political conditions that have impacted Iran in the past few years, in large part due to the pandemic. Biden is in dire need of success, while the Iranian regime is in a state of political and economic exhaustion. In this regard, reaching an agreement would be a huge win for both sides.
– Abd Al-Moneim Said
The Fall of the Turkish Lira and Steadfastness of the Egyptian Pound
An-Nahar, Lebanon, December 20
The people of Egypt haven’t forgotten how members of the Muslim Brotherhood practiced what they believed to be jihad, armed themselves, pursued political tricks and games, committed crimes and targeted their media platforms for a long time to win the battle to bring down the Egyptian pound and devalue it in the face of other currencies.
After the Egyptian people’s revolution against the rule of the Brotherhood, surviving members of the organization did everything in their power to further devalue the Egyptian pound and rob the Egyptian people of their money.
Many took out large sums of cash in US dollars in order to limit its circulation in the Egyptian market, to smuggle it, or to resell it at home at exorbitant rates. They seized every citizen who wanted to buy an apartment, car or plot of land and tempted him to buy US dollars at a price that far exceeds the exchange rate.
When the Egyptian government decided to float the pound and put it freely in banks, the Brotherhood was immediately injured. Shocked, they quickly changed their plans, hoping to find other ways to topple the regime and restore their own control over Egypt.
But the Egyptian pound has held and the Brotherhood hasn’t returned to the presidential palace. They’ve taken their crisis elsewhere, to Turkey, where the local currency entered an unprecedented free-fall.
In the name of religion, the Brotherhood is now busy begging people for donations that would help the Turkish economy. How hypocritical that just a few months ago, Muslim Brotherhood members did everything they could to sabotage their country’s very own currency and then celebrated the downfall of the Egyptian pound.
Now, they’re grieved by the collapse of the Turkish lira. But the good news is that, despite the Brotherhood’s best efforts, the US dollar is back in full circulation in the Egyptian economy, which is quickly recovering.
Meanwhile, the Brotherhood’s efforts to salvage the Turkish lira are yielding no result.
– Mohamed Salah
伊朗向太空發射“三件研究貨物”
伊朗媒體稱,伊朗成功地將Simorgh太空運載火箭(SLV)發射到了470公里的高度。船上有貨物,發布火箭發射的鏡頭作為證據。
作者:SETH J. FRANZMAN
發佈時間: 2021 年 12 月 30 日 11:39
更新時間: 2021 年 12 月 30 日 17:35
為伊朗 Omid 衛星設計的 Safir 衛星運載火箭於 2009 年在伊朗德黑蘭航天中心發射前被看到
(圖片來源:路透社)
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伊朗媒體稱,該國已使用其 Simorgh 衛星運載火箭向太空發射了三個“研究有效載荷”。週四的聲明來自伊朗國防部。
最初的細節說,伊朗已經成功地將西莫格太空運載火箭(SLV)發射到了 470 公里的高度。與船上的貨物。必須確認和檢查更多細節,以確定發射的影響。
據早期報導,發射到了470公里的高度。可能沒有將有效載荷送入軌道,因為這需要更高的高度。目前尚不清楚這些有效載荷的情況——它們可能墜入大海。
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伊朗媒體發布了一段視頻,顯示一枚火箭正在發射,作為其聲稱進行了發射的證據。該視頻是白天拍攝的,顯然是在星期四早上。
伊朗塔斯尼姆新聞報導稱,此次發射顯示了伊朗“本土太空能力和發射小型衛星的能力”。它還展示了“具有更高能力的發射器的開發、伊瑪目霍梅尼航天中心的設計和開發,以及包括在該國航天工業計劃中的 Simorgh 衛星。”
Amir Ali Hajizadeh,伊斯蘭革命衛隊精英航空航天部隊指揮官(圖片來源:TASNIM NEWS AGENCY/WIKIMEDIA COMMONS)
根據伊朗的說法,“在這次發射中,空間基地的組成部分和衛星階段的性能得到了正確的執行,最終實現了這次發射的預期研究目標。”
首次發射了三艘“研究”貨物。報告指出,來自發射的數據將使其他操作發射成為可能。
伊朗擁有令人印象深刻的彈道導彈發展計劃,並正試圖在太空中發揮更大的作用。2020 年 1 月,其國防部航天小組提出了有關新衛星航母的聲明。
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發言人阿薩德·侯賽尼當時吹噓說,伊朗現在是第七個開發此類空間技術的國家。
塔斯尼姆當時表示,“參考即將發射的國產‘Zafar’衛星,它的精度為 25 米,下一個版本的 Zafar 精度將達到 16 米。”
他還提到了 Sarir 和 Soroush 衛星航母,並補充說“該國正在尋求在不久的將來建造固體燃料衛星航母。”
12 月 12 日的其他報導指出,伊朗的航天港霍梅尼國家航天中心有新的活動,顯示西莫格衛星運載火箭就位。
6 月份曾嘗試使用這枚火箭進行發射,但失敗了。2020 年 2 月,Zafar 衛星又發生了另一次故障。
2019 年 8 月的另一次失敗促使美國前總統唐納德特朗普在推特上發布了一張發射場的照片。該國聲稱,伊朗於 2020 年 4 月將一顆間諜衛星送入軌道。
New Lines Institute 12 月 28 日的一份報告稱,伊朗的軍事太空計劃正在提速。根據 12 月 27 日發表在《岩石之戰》上的報導,伊朗新總統易卜拉欣·賴西 (Ebrahim Raisi) 希望重新重視太空計劃。
幾天前,當時的預測是會出現新的發射。現在看來已經發生了。
它是在最近的一次演習之後發生的,伊朗也在演習中展示了彈道導彈。
Iran launches 'three research cargos' into space
Iranian media says Iran successfully launched the Simorgh space-launch vehicle (SLV) to an altitude of 470 km. with cargos on board, releasing footage of a rocket being launched as evidence.
By SETH J. FRANTZMAN
Published: DECEMBER 30, 2021 11:39
Updated: DECEMBER 30, 2021 17:35
The Safir satellite-carrier rocket, which was designed for Iran's Omid satellite, is seen before launch at Iran's space centre in Tehran in 2009
(photo credit: REUTERS)
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Iranian media said the country has launched three “research payloads” into space with its Simorgh satellite-carrying rocket. The announcement on Thursday came from Iran’s Defense Ministry.
Initial details say that Iran had successfully launched the Simorgh space-launch vehicle (SLV) to an altitude of 470 km. with cargo on board. More details must be confirmed and examined to determine the implications of the launch.
According to early reports, the launch to an altitude of 470 km. probably did not put the payload into orbit, as that would have required a higher altitude. It is unclear what became of the payloads – they possibly plummeted into the ocean.
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Iranian media released footage showing a rocket being launched as evidence of its claim to have conducted the launch. The video was shot during the day, apparently on Thursday morning.
Tasnim News in Iran reported that the launch shows Iran’s “indigenous space capability and the ability to launch small satellites.” It also shows “the development of launchers with higher capabilities, the design and development of Imam Khomeini space center, and the satellite on Simorgh, included in the country’s space industry program.”
Amir Ali Hajizadeh, commander of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps elite Aerospace force (credit: TASNIM NEWS AGENCY/WIKIMEDIA COMMONS)
According to Iranian statements, “in this launch, the performance of the components of the space base and of the satellite’s stages were performed correctly, and finally, the intended research goals of this launch were achieved.”
For the first time, three “research” cargoes were launched. The report indicated that data from the launch will enable other operational launches.
Iran has an impressive program of ballistic missile development and is trying to play a larger role in space. In January 2020, its Defense Ministry space group made claims about new satellite carriers.
Spokesperson Assad Hosseini bragged at the time that Iran was now the seventh country to develop space technology of this kind.
Tasnim said then that “referring to the upcoming launch of the homegrown ‘Zafar’ satellite, it has 25-meter precision and the precision of the next version of Zafar will be 16 meters.”
He also mentioned the Sarir and Soroush satellite carriers, adding that “the country is seeking to build solid-fuel satellite carriers in the near future.”
Other reports on December 12 noted that there was new activity at Iran’s spaceport known as the Khomeini National Space Center, showing the Simorgh satellite-carrying rocket in position.
There was an attempted launch in June using this rocket, which failed. There was another failure in February 2020 involving the Zafar satellite.
An additional failure in August 2019 prompted former US president Donald Trump to tweet a photo of the launch site. Iran put a spy satellite into orbit, the country claimed, in April 2020.
A New Lines Institute report on December 28 said that Iran’s military space program was picking up speed. Iran’s new president Ebrahim Raisi wants to put new emphasis on the space program, according to reports at War on the Rocks published on December 27.
The prediction at that time, a few days ago, was that new launches would occur. Now it appears one has taken place.
It comes in the wake of a recent drill in which Iran also showed off ballistic missiles.
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2021.12.31 國際新聞導讀-伊朗發射運載火箭到太空並將三樣物品射入太空、非洲伊斯蘭國組織與泥日奈及利亞軍交戰、波灣阿拉伯國家貨幣統合、敘利亞拉塔基亞港口受以國空軍空襲
六名尼日利亞和尼日爾軍隊被伊斯蘭國殺害,安全部隊說
來自兩國的兩名軍官和其他四名軍官被殺,16人受傷。
通過路透
一支聯合軍事部隊週四表示,來自尼日利亞和尼日爾的六名士兵在本月的一次行動中被伊斯蘭國西非省(ISWAP)武裝分子打死。
五年前從博科聖地分裂出來並宣誓效忠伊斯蘭國的ISWAP一直在乍得湖地區與來自貝寧、喀麥隆、乍得、尼日利亞和尼日爾的軍隊作戰。
多國聯合特遣部隊 (MTJF) 發言人穆罕默德·多爾上校在一份聲明中說,由尼日利亞和尼日爾士兵組成的多國聯合特遣部隊 (MTJF) 以乍得湖盆地附近的伊斯蘭叛亂分子為目標,但遭到強烈抵抗,並遭到迫擊砲襲擊和簡易爆炸裝置的攻擊。
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多爾說,兩國的兩名軍官和其他四名軍官被殺,16 人受傷,但沒有提供確切日期。他說,22 名武裝分子被打死,17 人被俘,而槍支卡車和其他武器和彈藥被摧毀。
據聯合國稱,襲擊發生的地區是尼日利亞東北部博爾諾州的一部分,該州是伊斯蘭叛亂的中心,約有 30 萬人死亡,數百萬人依賴援助。
2015 年,什葉派武裝分子在巴格達以北的拜吉向伊斯蘭國武裝分子發射火箭(圖片來源:THAIER AL-SUDANI/REUTERS)
博爾諾州長宣布計劃在本月底之前關閉州首府邁杜古里的所有境內流離失所者營地,理由是最近幾個月安全狀況有所改善,數千名博科聖地戰士已投降。
但博爾諾各地的激進襲擊正在引發成千上萬流離失所者對返回家園的恐懼。
Six Nigerian, Niger troops killed by Islamic State, security forces say
Two officers and four other ranks from both countries were killed and 16 wounded.
By REUTERS
Published: DECEMBER 30, 2021 21:47
Iraqi forces and Kurdish Peshmerga fighters deploy in an intensive security operation earlier this month to regain control over Luhaiban village in Kirkuk after Islamic State had seized the Iraqi village.
(photo credit: AKO RASHEED/REUTERS)
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Six troops from Nigeria and Niger were killed by Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP) militants during an operation this month, a joint military force said on Thursday.
ISWAP, which split from Boko Haram five years ago and pledged allegiance to Islamic State, has been fighting troops from Benin, Cameroon, Chad, Nigeria and Niger in the Lake Chad region.
A Multinational Joint Task Force (MTJF) comprising soldiers from Nigeria and Niger had targeted Islamist insurgents near Lake Chad basin but met strong resistance and came under fire from mortar attacks and improvised explosive devices, MTJF spokesman Colonel Muhammad Dole said in a statement.
Two officers and four other ranks from both countries were killed and 16 wounded, Dole said, without providing an exact date. Twenty-two militants were killed and 17 captured while gun trucks and other weapons and ammunition were destroyed, he said.
The region were the attacks took place is part of Nigeria's northeastern Borno state, the center of the Islamist insurgency in which about 300,000 people have died and millions left dependent on aid, according to the United Nations.
Shi'ite fighters fire a rocket toward Islamic State militants in Baiji, north of Baghdad, 2015 (credit: THAIER AL-SUDANI/REUTERS)
The governor of Borno has announced plans to close all camps for internally displaced persons in the state capital Maiduguri by the end of this month, citing improved security and the surrender of thousands of Boko Haram fighters in recent months.
But militant attacks across Borno are stoking fears among the thousands of displaced people about returning home.
專家警告Omicron“暴風雪”將在下個月擾亂美國
隨著假期旅行的增加,新年慶祝活動的到來,以及學校努力解決學生在寒假後重返課堂的問題,人數激增。
通過路透
發佈時間: 2021 年 12 月 30 日 18:27
在這張 2021 年 12 月 11 日拍攝的插圖中,人們在顯示的“OMICRON SARS-COV-2”字樣前擺出帶有針頭的注射器
(照片來源:路透社/DADO RUVIC/插圖/文件照片)
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美國衛生專家週四警告美國人,由 Omicron 變體導致的 COVID-19 病例的上升趨勢威脅到他們的生活,從學校到購物,並敦促他們現在為未來充滿挑戰的一個月做好準備。
路透社的統計數據顯示,根據 7 天的平均值,美國連續第二天新增病例數創歷史新高,每天報告的新感染病例超過 290,000 例。
根據統計,至少有 18 個州和波多黎各為新病例創造了大流行病記錄。馬里蘭州、俄亥俄州和華盛頓特區的住院人數也創下歷史新高,因為美國 COVID 住院總人數增加了 27%。
隨著假期旅行的增加,新年慶祝活動的到來,以及學校努力解決學生在寒假後重返課堂的問題,人數激增。
“我們將看到這個國家的病例數量急劇上升,我們將很難維持日常生活的正常運轉,”明尼蘇達大學傳染病專家邁克爾奧斯特霍爾姆博士告訴 MSNBC。
聖誕節前夕,紐約市皇后區 Omicron 冠狀病毒變種傳播期間航班取消(來源:REUTERS/DIEU-NALIO CHERY)
“下個月將是一場病毒式暴風雪,”他說。“整個社會都將受到這種壓力。”
美國最高傳染病官員安東尼·福奇博士周三表示,到 1 月底,病例可能會增加。他和其他美國衛生官員表示,早期數據顯示 Omicron 似乎不那麼嚴重,但他們繼續推動接種疫苗、戴口罩和保持身體距離。
專家警告說,隨著檢測短缺和突破性病例,激增將在未來幾週內顛覆醫院、應急響應服務、學校和零售商等。
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“我們必須非常小心,不要對 Omicron 過於輕視,”貝勒醫學院的傳染病專家 Peter Hoetz 博士告訴 CNN。
Hoetz 說,由於醫護人員因自己的 COVID 病例而被排除在外,住院人數增加也令人擔憂,有效的治療方法也越來越少。“我們正處於一段非常嚴肅的時期。”
數據顯示,自 2020 年初以來,美國已有 825,663 人死於 COVID 病毒,最新一波住院治療是由未接種疫苗的人推動的。
喬拜登總統本月制定了新的計劃來對抗 Omicron 驅動的浪潮,包括聯邦對醫院的增援和更多的測試。但一些專家表示,這太少了,太晚了。
然而,到目前為止,儘管一些經濟學家表示謹慎,但經濟似乎穩定。
雖然航空旅行受到廣泛干擾,一些受災嚴重的地區企業停業並取消活動,但其他活動指標——例如假日銷售——卻一直保持不變。
勞動力市場也在堅守陣地。美國勞工部周四表示,上週新申領失業救濟金人數降至大流行時期的最低水平。
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儘管如此,追踪大約 50,000 家小型企業數據的 Homebase 的經濟主管傑森格林伯格表示,他預計 1 月的第一周將比Omicron之前的預測要慢。
格林伯格告訴路透社:“1 月剩餘時間可能取決於州和市公共衛生政策和流行病學數據。”
學校如何應對激增的情況也很關鍵,尤其是對於在職父母而言,華盛頓和紐約的系統誓言通過更多測試保持開放。
美國教育部長米格爾卡多納承認人員配備問題,但敦促學校採取措施讓孩子們留在教室裡。
與去年的停工不同,“我們現在有更好的工具。它們應該保持開放,”他告訴 MSNBC,並補充說聯邦資金仍然可用於加強人員配備和測試。
與此同時,一些美國大學推遲了下學期的開學或轉向在線學習。
“我們確實在隧道盡頭有光,”奧斯特霍爾姆說。“但就目前而言,你將不得不蹲下。”
Experts warn Omicron 'blizzard' to disrupt US for next month
The surge comes amid increased holiday travel, with New Year's celebrations still to come, and as schools grapple with students' return to classrooms following winter breaks.
By REUTERS
Published: DECEMBER 30, 2021 18:27
People pose with syringe with needle in front of displayed words "OMICRON SARS-COV-2" in this illustration taken, December 11, 2021
(photo credit: REUTERS/DADO RUVIC/ILLUSTRATION/FILE PHOTO)
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US health experts on Thursday warned Americans that a rising tide of COVID-19 cases led by the Omicron variant threatens major disruptions to their lives, from schools to shopping, and urged them to prepare now for a challenging month ahead.
For the second day in a row, the United States had a record number of new cases based on the seven-day average, with more than 290,000 new infections reported each day, a Reuters tally showed.
At least 18 states and Puerto Rico have set pandemic records for new cases, according to the tally. Maryland, Ohio and Washington, DC, also saw record hospitalizations as overall US COVID hospitalizations rose 27%.
The surge comes amid increased holiday travel, with New Year's celebrations still to come, and as schools grapple with students' return to classrooms following winter breaks.
"We are going to see the number of cases in this country rise so dramatically, we are going to have a hard time keeping everyday life operating," Dr. Michael Osterholm, an infectious disease expert at the University of Minnesota, told MSNBC.
Flights canceled during the spread of the Omicron coronavirus variant on Christmas Eve in Queens, New York City (credit: REUTERS/DIEU-NALIO CHERY)
"The next month is going to be a viral blizzard," he said. "All of society is going to be pressured by this."
Dr. Anthony Fauci, the nation's top infectious disease official, on Wednesday said cases will likely rise through the end of January. He and other US health officials have said early data shows Omicron appears less severe, but they have continued to push vaccinations, masks and physical distancing.
With testing shortages and breakthrough cases, experts warn the surge will upend hospitals, emergency response services, schools and retailers, among others, in the coming weeks.
"We have to be really careful about being too dismissive of Omicron," Dr. Peter Hoetz, an infectious disease expert at Baylor College of Medicine, told CNN.
Rising hospitalizations as healthcare workers are sidelined with their own COVID cases is also concerning, as are fewer effective therapeutics, Hoetz said. "We're in for a pretty serious time."
Already, 825,663 people have died in the United States from COVID since early 2020, data showed, with the latest wave of hospitalizations driven by those not vaccinated.
President Joe Biden this month laid out new plans to combat the Omicron-driven wave, including federal reinforcements for hospitals and more tests. But some experts have said it is too little, too late.
So far, however, the economy appears steady even as some economists express caution.
While airline travel has been widely disrupted and some hard-hit areas have seen shuttered businesses and canceled events, other measures of activity - such as holiday sales - have held up.
The labor market also is holding its ground. New claims for state unemployment benefits fell last week to their lowest level of the pandemic era, the Labor Department said on Thursday.
Still, Jason Greenberg, head of economics at Homebase, which tracks data for about 50,000 small businesses, said he expects the first week of January to be slower than projected before Omicron.
"The remainder of January will likely depend on state and municipal public health policy and epidemiological data," Greenberg told Reuters.
How schools handle the surge is also key, especially for working parents, with systems in Washington and New York vowing to stay open with more testing.
US Education Secretary Miguel Cardona acknowledged staffing issues but urged schools to take steps to keeps kids in classrooms.
Unlike last year's shutdowns, "we have better tools now. They should remain open," he told MSNBC, adding that federal funds remain available to bolster staffing and testing.
Meanwhile, some US colleges have delayed their next semesters or shifted online.
"We do have light at the end of the tunnel," Osterholm said. "But for right now, you're going to have to hunker down."
阿拉伯媒體的聲音:通往統一海灣貨幣的道路
每週精選全球阿拉伯媒體的觀點和分析
通過針對媒體線
發佈時間: 2021 年 12 月 30 日 17:29
卡塔爾多哈證券交易所的數據顯示,2021 年 1 月
(圖片來源:路透社/IBRAHEEM AL OMARI)
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阿聯酋,Al-Ittihad,12 月 24 日
有關 The Media Line 的更多故事,請訪問themedialine.org
過去 40 年來,海灣合作委員會國家在許多經濟領域取得了重要進展,例如取消對本國產品的稅收和關稅、統一關稅、互惠工作許可協議以及電氣和鐵路連通性。
然而,尚未實現的是唯一最重要的努力:為所有海灣國家採用統一的貨幣。當然,貨幣統一是經濟統一最困難的階段之一。在歐盟,單一貨幣是經過多年的基礎工作才被採用的。事實上,由於貨幣政策的複雜性及其對每個成員國整體金融狀況的重大影響,採用單一貨幣是合作中最複雜的方面。
與任何統一貨幣一樣,海灣貨幣的發行過程也面臨一些障礙,儘管由於其潛在成員國之間共享現有的經濟基礎設施,它是最有可能成功的貨幣(科威特除外,其貨幣與美元掛鉤)。
最緊迫的問題是需要建立一個海灣中央銀行,該中央銀行將享有完全的自治權,並不受單一成員國的任何政治干預。它將有一個由專業選舉產生的主席和董事會,並有充分的權力製定銀行的貨幣政策,以符合其對海灣經濟的願景。
海灣合作委員會 (GCC) 的外交部長於 2019 年 12 月 9 日在沙特阿拉伯利雅得舉行年度領導人峰會之前抵達。
海灣合作委員會國家目前沒有事實上的貨幣政策,因為它們與美元的關聯都遵循美元的貨幣政策;統一貨幣如果達成一致,最初也必須與美元掛鉤。尤其如此,因為在接受美聯儲 40 年的命令後,海灣合作委員會國家將需要在製定自己的貨幣政策方面發展更大的能力和專業知識。
在推出單一貨幣並確保其穩定後,海灣合作委員會國家將不得不進行廣泛的立法基礎工作,以最終打破與美元掛鉤。這將在確保海灣中央銀行完全主權的同時完成。
這些步驟都不容易,但它們很可能證明對海灣地區有益。
睡前很喝一物,隔夜離開“宿便”,瘦到靠背!由減肥達人推薦贊助
– 穆罕默德·阿蘇米
事實證明有些顏色在科威特是“聖地”
科威特,Al Qabas,12 月 22 日
我最近聽說了一個故事,科威特一家兒童玩具店被迫下架一些產品,因為這些產品的顏色類似於與同性戀社區相關的彩虹旗。當店主來海關放行產品時,值班人員拒絕配合,聲稱這些產品“在國內是非法的”。
店主沒有退縮,並解釋說它們是由國際品牌製造並銷往世界各地。該官員拒絕並聲稱他們“與撒旦的崇拜者有關聯”。
“這是商務部發布的禁令嗎?”店主問道,該官員回答說:“不是。” 這個軼事告訴我們,我們國家的一些決定是由有權勢的人根據自己的個人信念、世界觀和信仰做出的——沒有任何法律支持。
不幸的是,這樣的決定在隨意和臨時做出的決定之後,往往成為一種盲目適用於每個人的規範。
問商務部:如果商務部的一名員工一天早上醒來,決定美麗的藍色,這是我們象徵性的國色之一,實際上是與驢友有關的顏色——我們的國家足球隊會不會?被禁止穿著藍色制服?
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科威特航空公司是我們的國家航空公司,其機隊塗有標誌性的藍色制服,會被阻止在我們的領空飛行嗎?或者,如果相關部門的一位天才發現綠色或黃色在另一個國家被用作與無神論者相關的顏色,Al-Qadsiah 足球俱樂部會燒掉他們的襯衫並處理掉嗎?
事實是,我們絕不能允許員工、官僚或任何有權勢的人根據自己的奇思妙想和願望為我們所有人做決定。
不幸的是,根據一個官員的信念和氣質發佈公共決定並將其強加給人民的現像已經變得非常普遍。
最終,由我們來拒絕和蔑視這些決定,除非它們已經過相關部委的仔細評估並載入對所有公民都有約束力的法律。
– 伊克巴爾·艾哈邁德
伊朗核文件:2022 年將迎來協議還是戰爭?
Al-Masry Al-Youm,埃及,12 月 23 日
一年只剩下幾天了,很快我們將迎來2022年。隨著新年的到來,國際社會將面臨一些必須解決的危機,以防止戰爭和衝突。
也許其中最大的問題是伊朗危機,它表面上圍繞著伊朗是否會同意回到 2015 年的核協議並停止發展核武器以換取解除制裁的問題展開。
但事實是,等式已經變得更加複雜。這不再是美國前總統唐納德特朗普退出協議的錯誤,也不是喬拜登總統堅持重返協議的問題。問題是,整個危機已經發生了很大變化,沒有人可以簡單地抹去過去的四年並假裝它們從未發生過。
在美國方面,華盛頓失去了履行國際協議的信譽,沒有人可以明知故犯地保證新總統不會撤銷與伊朗達成的下一項協議。而在伊朗方面,美國的“極限施壓”政策、以色列進行的網絡軍事代理戰爭以及 COVID-19 的爆發將伊朗公眾推向了右翼,並導致了鷹派新政府的崛起。
毛拉政權也沒有坐等美國回到談判桌;他們利用這個機會加強伊朗在伊拉克、黎巴嫩、敘利亞和也門等鄰國的戰略參與。
過去四年裡,橋下流過很多水,美國和伊朗以外的地方也發生了變化。國際體係也發生了變化,一方面是中國的崛起,另一方面是俄羅斯的大膽。可以肯定的是,中國和俄羅斯這兩個國家都沒有興趣在全球大國名單中增加一個新的核國家。但與此同時,他們也很清楚,印度、巴基斯坦和以色列,以及其他擁有足夠突破能力成為核大國的國家,如朝鮮、日本,或許還有台灣和韓國,都已經違反了這一體系。以及。
美國和伊朗將繼續測試彼此的極限。伊朗正在向美國施加壓力,支持華盛頓的反對者,從西半球的委內瑞拉到中東的哈馬斯、真主黨和胡塞武裝,再到與中國簽署範圍廣泛的條約。
就美國而言,它正在通過以色列向伊朗施壓,以色列堅持將針對伊朗的軍事選擇留在桌面上。不幸的是,幾乎沒有犯錯的餘地。如果德黑蘭認為軍事選擇確實是一種可能性,它可能會尋求在以色列過早銷毀其核反應堆之前自行解決問題,就像它過去在伊拉克和敘利亞所做的那樣。
談判取得成功的最大希望是過去幾年影響伊朗的經濟和政治狀況,這在很大程度上是由於大流行。拜登急需成功,而伊朗政權正處於政治和經濟疲憊的狀態。在這方面,達成協議對雙方來說都是巨大的勝利。
– 阿卜杜勒·莫奈姆·賽義德
土耳其里拉的貶值和埃及鎊的堅挺
An-Nahar,黎巴嫩,12 月 20 日
埃及人民並沒有忘記穆斯林兄弟會成員長期以來如何實施他們認為是聖戰的活動,武裝自己,進行政治詭計和遊戲,犯罪並瞄准他們的媒體平台,以贏得打壓埃及鎊並在面對其他貨幣時貶值。
在埃及人民反抗兄弟會統治的革命之後,該組織的倖存成員竭盡全力進一步貶值埃及鎊,掠奪埃及人民的錢財。
許多人拿出大量美元現金,以限制其在埃及市場的流通、走私或在國內以高價轉售。他們抓住了每一個想要購買公寓、汽車或土地的公民,並誘使他以遠高於匯率的價格購買美元。
當埃及政府決定讓英鎊浮動並自由存放在銀行時,兄弟會立即受到了傷害。震驚之餘,他們迅速改變了計劃,希望找到其他方式推翻政權,恢復對埃及的控制。
但是埃及鎊一直堅挺,兄弟會還沒有回到總統府。他們將危機帶到了別處,到了土耳其,當地貨幣在那裡經歷了前所未有的自由落體。
以宗教的名義,兄弟會現在正忙著乞求人們捐款,以幫助土耳其經濟。幾個月前,穆斯林兄弟會成員盡其所能破壞自己國家的貨幣,然后慶祝埃及鎊貶值,這是多麼虛偽。
現在,他們對土耳其里拉的崩潰感到悲痛。但好消息是,儘管兄弟會盡了最大努力,但美元在埃及經濟中重新全面流通,埃及經濟正在迅速復蘇。
與此同時,兄弟會挽救土耳其里拉的努力沒有結果。
Voices from the Arab press: The path toward a unified Gulf currency
A weekly selection of opinions and analyses from the Arab media around the world
By THE MEDIA LINE
Published: DECEMBER 30, 2021 17:29
Displaying data at the Doha Stock Exchange in Qatar, January 2021
(photo credit: REUTERS/IBRAHEEM AL OMARI)
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Al-Ittihad, UAE, December 24
For more stories from The Media Line go to themedialine.org
Over the past 40 years, Gulf Cooperation Council countries have made important progress on many economic fronts, such as the removal of taxes and duties on national products, the harmonization of tariffs, reciprocal work permit agreements, and electrical and railway connectivity.
However, what has still not been achieved is the single most important endeavor: adopting a unified currency for all Gulf states. Of course, currency unification is one of the most difficult stages of economic unity. In the European Union, the single currency was adopted only after years and years of groundwork. Indeed, adopting a single currency is the most complex aspect of cooperation due to the complexity of monetary policies and their significant effects on the overall financial conditions of each member state.
Like with any unified currency, the process of issuing the Gulf currency faces several obstacles, although it is the currency that has the most chances for success thanks to the existing economic infrastructure shared between its potential member states (with the exception of Kuwait, whose currency is pegged to the US dollar).
The most pressing issue is the need to set up a Gulf central bank, which would enjoy full autonomy and would be protected from any political interference of a single member state. It would have a chairman and board of directors that would be professionally elected and have full power to draw up the bank’s monetary policies in line with its vision for the Gulf’s economy.
Foreign ministers of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) arrive, ahead of an annual leaders' summit in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, December 9, 2019. (credit: SAUDI PRESS AGENCY/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)
There are no de facto monetary policies in the GCC states at the present time since all of them follow the monetary policies of the US dollar by virtue of their association with it; the unified currency, if agreed upon, must initially be pegged to the dollar, as well. This is especially true since, after 40 years of taking orders from the US Federal Reserve, GCC states will need to develop greater competency and expertise in devising their own monetary policy.
After launching the single currency and ensuring its stability, GCC states would have to undertake extensive legislative groundwork in an effort to ultimately break the peg from the US dollar. This will be done while ensuring the complete sovereignty of the Gulf Central Bank.
None of these steps are easy, but they may very well prove rewarding for the Gulf region.
It Turns Out Some Colors Are ‘Haram’ in Kuwait
Al Qabas, Kuwait, December 22
I recently heard a story of a children’s toy store in Kuwait that was forced to take some of its products off the shelf because the colors of those products resembled the rainbow flag, associated with the gay community. When the store owner came to release the products from customs, the officer on duty refused to cooperate, claiming that these products were “illegal in the country.”
The store owner didn’t back down and explained that they are manufactured by an international brand and sold all over the world. The officer refused and claimed that they are “associated with the worshipers of Satan.”
“Was this ban issued by the Commerce Ministry,” the owner asked, to which the officer responded, “No.” What this anecdotal experience teaches us is that some decisions in our country are taken by people in a position of power based on their own personal convictions, worldviews, and beliefs – without any legal backing.
Unfortunately, after such decisions are made on an arbitrary and ad-hoc basis, they often become a norm that is blindly applied to everyone.
A question to the Commerce Ministry: If one of the employees of the ministry wakes up one morning and decides that the beautiful blue color, which is one of our symbolic national colors, is actually a color associated with donkey lovers – will our national football team be prohibited from wearing its blue uniform?
Will Kuwait Airways, our national carrier that adorns its fleet with an iconic blue livery, be prevented from flying in our airspace? Alternatively, if one of the geniuses in the relevant ministry discovers that green or yellow has been used as a color associated with atheists in another country, will the Al-Qadsiah Football Club burn their shirts and dispose of them?
The truth is that we must not allow employees, bureaucrats, or anyone in a position of power to make decisions for all of us according to their own whims and desires.
Unfortunately, the phenomenon of issuing public decisions based on the conviction and temperament of a single official, and imposing it upon the people, has become all too common.
Ultimately, it is up to us to reject these decisions and defy them, unless they’ve been carefully evaluated by the appropriate ministries and enshrined in law that is binding on all citizens.
– Iqbal Al-Ahmad
The Iranian Nuclear File: Will 2022 Usher in an Agreement or War?
Al-Masry Al-Youm, Egypt, December 23
Only a handful of days are left in the year and soon we will be welcoming in 2022. With the advent of the new year, the international community will be bequeathed a handful of crises that must be dealt with to prevent war and conflict.
Perhaps the biggest of these issues is the Iranian crisis, which appears on the surface to revolve around the question of whether Iran will agree to return to the 2015 nuclear agreement and stop the development of nuclear weapons in exchange for the lifting of sanctions.
But the truth is that the equation has become far more complex. It’s no longer about former US president Donald Trump’s mistake to withdraw from the agreement, nor is it about President Joe Biden’s insistence on returning to it. The thing is, the whole crisis has changed a lot and no one can simply erase the past four years and pretend they never happened.
On the American side, Washington lost its credibility to honor international agreements, and no one can knowingly guarantee that a new president won’t revoke the next agreement reached with Iran. And on the Iranian side, the American policy of “maximum pressure,” the cyber-military proxy wars carried out by Israel and the onset of COVID-19 pushed the Iranian public to the right and led to the rise of a hawkish new government.
And the mullah regime hasn’t sat idly by waiting for America to come back to the negotiation table; they took advantage of the opportunity to enhance Iran’s strategic involvement in neighboring countries like Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, and Yemen.
Much water has passed under the bridge in the past four years and changes also took place outside of the United States and Iran. The international system also changed, with the rise of China on the one hand, and the Russian audacity on the other hand. What is certain is that both countries, China and Russia, have no interest in adding a new nuclear state to the list of global powers. But at the same time, they know very well that this system has already been violated by India, Pakistan and Israel, alongside other countries that have enough breakthrough capability to become nuclear powers themselves, such as North Korea, Japan and perhaps Taiwan and South Korea as well.
The US and Iran will continue to test each other’s limits. Iran is applying pressure on the US by supporting Washington’s opponents ranging all the way from Venezuela in the Western Hemisphere to Hamas, Hezbollah and the Houthis in the Middle East, to signing wide-ranging treaties with China.
The United States, for its part, is pressuring Iran through Israel, which insists on leaving the military option against Iran on the table. Unfortunately, there is little room for error. If Tehran feels like the military option is truly a possibility, it may seek to take matters into its own hands before Israel prematurely destroys its nuclear reactors like it has done in Iraq and Syria in the past.
The biggest hope for negotiations to succeed is the economic and political conditions that have impacted Iran in the past few years, in large part due to the pandemic. Biden is in dire need of success, while the Iranian regime is in a state of political and economic exhaustion. In this regard, reaching an agreement would be a huge win for both sides.
– Abd Al-Moneim Said
The Fall of the Turkish Lira and Steadfastness of the Egyptian Pound
An-Nahar, Lebanon, December 20
The people of Egypt haven’t forgotten how members of the Muslim Brotherhood practiced what they believed to be jihad, armed themselves, pursued political tricks and games, committed crimes and targeted their media platforms for a long time to win the battle to bring down the Egyptian pound and devalue it in the face of other currencies.
After the Egyptian people’s revolution against the rule of the Brotherhood, surviving members of the organization did everything in their power to further devalue the Egyptian pound and rob the Egyptian people of their money.
Many took out large sums of cash in US dollars in order to limit its circulation in the Egyptian market, to smuggle it, or to resell it at home at exorbitant rates. They seized every citizen who wanted to buy an apartment, car or plot of land and tempted him to buy US dollars at a price that far exceeds the exchange rate.
When the Egyptian government decided to float the pound and put it freely in banks, the Brotherhood was immediately injured. Shocked, they quickly changed their plans, hoping to find other ways to topple the regime and restore their own control over Egypt.
But the Egyptian pound has held and the Brotherhood hasn’t returned to the presidential palace. They’ve taken their crisis elsewhere, to Turkey, where the local currency entered an unprecedented free-fall.
In the name of religion, the Brotherhood is now busy begging people for donations that would help the Turkish economy. How hypocritical that just a few months ago, Muslim Brotherhood members did everything they could to sabotage their country’s very own currency and then celebrated the downfall of the Egyptian pound.
Now, they’re grieved by the collapse of the Turkish lira. But the good news is that, despite the Brotherhood’s best efforts, the US dollar is back in full circulation in the Egyptian economy, which is quickly recovering.
Meanwhile, the Brotherhood’s efforts to salvage the Turkish lira are yielding no result.
– Mohamed Salah
伊朗向太空發射“三件研究貨物”
伊朗媒體稱,伊朗成功地將Simorgh太空運載火箭(SLV)發射到了470公里的高度。船上有貨物,發布火箭發射的鏡頭作為證據。
作者:SETH J. FRANZMAN
發佈時間: 2021 年 12 月 30 日 11:39
更新時間: 2021 年 12 月 30 日 17:35
為伊朗 Omid 衛星設計的 Safir 衛星運載火箭於 2009 年在伊朗德黑蘭航天中心發射前被看到
(圖片來源:路透社)
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伊朗媒體稱,該國已使用其 Simorgh 衛星運載火箭向太空發射了三個“研究有效載荷”。週四的聲明來自伊朗國防部。
最初的細節說,伊朗已經成功地將西莫格太空運載火箭(SLV)發射到了 470 公里的高度。與船上的貨物。必須確認和檢查更多細節,以確定發射的影響。
據早期報導,發射到了470公里的高度。可能沒有將有效載荷送入軌道,因為這需要更高的高度。目前尚不清楚這些有效載荷的情況——它們可能墜入大海。
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伊朗媒體發布了一段視頻,顯示一枚火箭正在發射,作為其聲稱進行了發射的證據。該視頻是白天拍攝的,顯然是在星期四早上。
伊朗塔斯尼姆新聞報導稱,此次發射顯示了伊朗“本土太空能力和發射小型衛星的能力”。它還展示了“具有更高能力的發射器的開發、伊瑪目霍梅尼航天中心的設計和開發,以及包括在該國航天工業計劃中的 Simorgh 衛星。”
Amir Ali Hajizadeh,伊斯蘭革命衛隊精英航空航天部隊指揮官(圖片來源:TASNIM NEWS AGENCY/WIKIMEDIA COMMONS)
根據伊朗的說法,“在這次發射中,空間基地的組成部分和衛星階段的性能得到了正確的執行,最終實現了這次發射的預期研究目標。”
首次發射了三艘“研究”貨物。報告指出,來自發射的數據將使其他操作發射成為可能。
伊朗擁有令人印象深刻的彈道導彈發展計劃,並正試圖在太空中發揮更大的作用。2020 年 1 月,其國防部航天小組提出了有關新衛星航母的聲明。
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發言人阿薩德·侯賽尼當時吹噓說,伊朗現在是第七個開發此類空間技術的國家。
塔斯尼姆當時表示,“參考即將發射的國產‘Zafar’衛星,它的精度為 25 米,下一個版本的 Zafar 精度將達到 16 米。”
他還提到了 Sarir 和 Soroush 衛星航母,並補充說“該國正在尋求在不久的將來建造固體燃料衛星航母。”
12 月 12 日的其他報導指出,伊朗的航天港霍梅尼國家航天中心有新的活動,顯示西莫格衛星運載火箭就位。
6 月份曾嘗試使用這枚火箭進行發射,但失敗了。2020 年 2 月,Zafar 衛星又發生了另一次故障。
2019 年 8 月的另一次失敗促使美國前總統唐納德特朗普在推特上發布了一張發射場的照片。該國聲稱,伊朗於 2020 年 4 月將一顆間諜衛星送入軌道。
New Lines Institute 12 月 28 日的一份報告稱,伊朗的軍事太空計劃正在提速。根據 12 月 27 日發表在《岩石之戰》上的報導,伊朗新總統易卜拉欣·賴西 (Ebrahim Raisi) 希望重新重視太空計劃。
幾天前,當時的預測是會出現新的發射。現在看來已經發生了。
它是在最近的一次演習之後發生的,伊朗也在演習中展示了彈道導彈。
Iran launches 'three research cargos' into space
Iranian media says Iran successfully launched the Simorgh space-launch vehicle (SLV) to an altitude of 470 km. with cargos on board, releasing footage of a rocket being launched as evidence.
By SETH J. FRANTZMAN
Published: DECEMBER 30, 2021 11:39
Updated: DECEMBER 30, 2021 17:35
The Safir satellite-carrier rocket, which was designed for Iran's Omid satellite, is seen before launch at Iran's space centre in Tehran in 2009
(photo credit: REUTERS)
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Iranian media said the country has launched three “research payloads” into space with its Simorgh satellite-carrying rocket. The announcement on Thursday came from Iran’s Defense Ministry.
Initial details say that Iran had successfully launched the Simorgh space-launch vehicle (SLV) to an altitude of 470 km. with cargo on board. More details must be confirmed and examined to determine the implications of the launch.
According to early reports, the launch to an altitude of 470 km. probably did not put the payload into orbit, as that would have required a higher altitude. It is unclear what became of the payloads – they possibly plummeted into the ocean.
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Iranian media released footage showing a rocket being launched as evidence of its claim to have conducted the launch. The video was shot during the day, apparently on Thursday morning.
Tasnim News in Iran reported that the launch shows Iran’s “indigenous space capability and the ability to launch small satellites.” It also shows “the development of launchers with higher capabilities, the design and development of Imam Khomeini space center, and the satellite on Simorgh, included in the country’s space industry program.”
Amir Ali Hajizadeh, commander of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps elite Aerospace force (credit: TASNIM NEWS AGENCY/WIKIMEDIA COMMONS)
According to Iranian statements, “in this launch, the performance of the components of the space base and of the satellite’s stages were performed correctly, and finally, the intended research goals of this launch were achieved.”
For the first time, three “research” cargoes were launched. The report indicated that data from the launch will enable other operational launches.
Iran has an impressive program of ballistic missile development and is trying to play a larger role in space. In January 2020, its Defense Ministry space group made claims about new satellite carriers.
Spokesperson Assad Hosseini bragged at the time that Iran was now the seventh country to develop space technology of this kind.
Tasnim said then that “referring to the upcoming launch of the homegrown ‘Zafar’ satellite, it has 25-meter precision and the precision of the next version of Zafar will be 16 meters.”
He also mentioned the Sarir and Soroush satellite carriers, adding that “the country is seeking to build solid-fuel satellite carriers in the near future.”
Other reports on December 12 noted that there was new activity at Iran’s spaceport known as the Khomeini National Space Center, showing the Simorgh satellite-carrying rocket in position.
There was an attempted launch in June using this rocket, which failed. There was another failure in February 2020 involving the Zafar satellite.
An additional failure in August 2019 prompted former US president Donald Trump to tweet a photo of the launch site. Iran put a spy satellite into orbit, the country claimed, in April 2020.
A New Lines Institute report on December 28 said that Iran’s military space program was picking up speed. Iran’s new president Ebrahim Raisi wants to put new emphasis on the space program, according to reports at War on the Rocks published on December 27.
The prediction at that time, a few days ago, was that new launches would occur. Now it appears one has taken place.
It comes in the wake of a recent drill in which Iran also showed off ballistic missiles.
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