2021.12.15 國際新聞導讀-美國拒絕快速交貨加油機給以色列、約旦主持沙烏地與伊朗間之協商會議、以色列空襲敘利亞化學武器工廠、幾內亞有貨櫃輪被海盜夾持6名船員

蘇老師講解國際新聞、中東與中亞歷史、中國事務、太空知識的頻道。 Diplomat's daily news review and history research on Middle East and Central Asia, China Affairs and Space Exploration

2021.12.15 國際新聞導讀-美國拒絕快速交貨加油機給以色列、約旦主持沙烏地與伊朗間之協商會議、以色列空襲敘利亞化學武器工廠、幾內亞有貨櫃輪被海盜夾持6名船員
隨著伊朗計劃的推進，美國拒絕以色列對加油機的要求
據報導，美國拒絕了以色列關於加快交付兩架加油機的要求。
通過耶路撒冷郵報STAFF
據 Ynet 週一報導，美國拒絕了以色列關於加快交付以色列訂購的兩架加油機的要求，因為針對伊朗核計劃的可能軍事選擇的計劃正在向前推進。
10 月，國防部消息人士稱，以色列空軍 (IAF) 高級官員曾要求加快從美國供應四架 KC-46 加油機，並要求立即交付其中兩架。官員要求在接下來的兩到三年內提供另外兩個。
據 Ynet 報導，以色列國防軍希望在明年說服美國。
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Bar Lev under fire for speaking ofsetter violence withUS official
美國國務院去年 3 月批准向以色列出售多達 8 架 KC-46 加油機和相關設備，估計成本為 24 億美元，這是華盛頓首次允許耶路撒冷購買新加油機。
以色列計劃在 2023 年底之前接收兩架波音製造的飛機，在前總理本雅明內塔尼亞胡上次訪問華盛頓期間，他提出了在明年供應八架加油機中的兩架的問題。
一架 IAF F-35 飛機在兩年一度的 Blue Flag 演習中與來自美國、希臘、德國和意大利的飛行員進行大規模演習（圖片來源：MARC ISRAEL SELLEM/THE JERUSALEM POST）
KC-46 加油機將取代以色列的 Ram（波音 707）加油機，該加油機是執行遠程任務所需且已接近 60 歲的加油機。
以色列的 Ram 飛機機隊，其數量仍然保密，是前民用飛機，適用於軍事用途，如為戰鬥機空中加油，以及其運輸機機隊。他們去年被停飛。
新的 KC-46 加油機可以通過其 55 英尺的電傳飛行器每分鐘為噴氣式飛機加油 1,200 加侖。加油熱潮。它還可以配備機翼空中加油吊艙，允許在三到四分鐘內一次為三架噴氣式飛機加油。
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航程為 11,830 公里，卸貨能力約為 207,000 磅。在燃料方面，KC-46 可以為超過 64 種不同類型的飛機加油。
這種加油機對於打擊伊朗至關重要，因為打擊伊朗的任務需要在每個方向上飛行一千多公里。
在最近訪問美國期間，國防部長本尼·甘茨向美國官員通報說，他已經設定了以色列國防軍何時需要完成對伊朗發動襲擊的準備工作的最後期限。據一位高級外交消息人士稱，美國沒有否決以色列的計劃。
據報導，美國和以色列正計劃舉行大型聯合演習，為可能對伊朗的核計劃發動襲擊做準備。
Anna Ahronheim 為本報告做出了貢獻。
US rejects Israeli request for tanker aircraft as Iran plans advance
The US has reportedly rejected an Israeli request to fast-track the delivery of two tanker aircraft.
By JERUSALEM POST STAFF
Published: DECEMBER 13, 2021 10:17
A Boeing KC-46 tanker belonging to the Israeli Air Force is seen fueling a fighter jet in the air.
(photo credit: BOEING)
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The US has rejected an Israeli request to fast-track the delivery of two tanker aircraft which had been ordered by Israel, as plans for a possible military option against Iran's nuclear plan move forward, Ynet reported on Monday.
In October, sources in the Defense Ministry stated that senior Israel Air Force (IAF) officers had requested that the supply of four KC-46 tanker aircraft from the US be sped up, asking that two of the aircraft be delivered immediately. The officers asked that the other two be supplied within the next two to three years.
According to the Ynet report, the IDF hopes to convince the US over the next year.
Latest articles from Jpost
The US State Department approved the possible sale of up to eight KC-46 tanker aircraft and related equipment to Israel for an estimated cost of $2.4 billion last March, marking the first time that Washington has allowed Jerusalem to buy new tankers.
Israel was set to receive two of the Boeing-made planes by late 2023, and during former prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s last visit to Washington, he raised the issue that two of the eight tankers be supplied in the next year.
An IAF F-35 plane at the bi-annual Blue Flag drill a massive exercise with pilots from the United States, Greece, Germany and Italy (credit: MARC ISRAEL SELLEM/THE JERUSALEM POST)
The KC-46 tankers will replace Israel’s Ram (Boeing 707) tanker aircraft that are required for long-range missions and nearing the age of 60.
Israel’s fleet of Ram planes, the number of which remains confidential, are former civilian aircraft adapted for military uses such as aerial refueling for fighter jets, as well as its fleet of transport aircraft. They were grounded last year.
The new KC-46 tankers can refuel jets with 1,200 gallons of fuel per minute by its fly-by-wire 55-ft. refueling boom. It also can have wing air refueling pods allowing three jets to be refueled at once within three to four minutes.
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With a range of 11,830 km., with the capacity to unload some 207,000 lbs. of fuel, the KC-46 can refuel over 64 different types of aircraft.
Such refueling aircraft would be critical for a strike on Iran, as a mission against Iran would need to travel over a thousand kilometers in each direction.
During a recent visit to the US, Defense Minister Benny Gantz updated American officials that he had set a deadline for when the IDF will need to complete preparations for an attack against Iran. There was no US veto to Israel's plans, according to a senior diplomatic source.
The US and Israel are reportedly planning large joint exercises to prepare for a possible strike against Iran's nuclear program.
Anna Ahronheim contributed to this report.
奧爾默特為“可悲的”特朗普辯護內塔尼亞胡
因對繼任者的敵意而聞名的前總理稱前總統可悲；利伯曼：特朗普說比比只是利用人是對的
通過GIL HOFFMAN
發佈時間： 2021 年 12 月 13 日 14:47
更新時間： 2021 年 12 月 13 日 17:36
以色列前總理埃胡德·奧爾默特在美國紐約市舉行的年度耶路撒冷郵報會議上發表講話。2018 年 4 月 29 日。
（圖片來源：MARC ISRAEL SELLEM）
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在美國前總統唐納德特朗普批評內塔尼亞胡祝賀美國總統喬拜登在 2020 年美國總統大選中獲勝的錄音後，前總理埃胡德奧爾默特週一罕見地為反對派領導人本傑明內塔尼亞胡辯護。
特朗普對內塔尼亞胡在拜登抗議競選結果時向他表示祝賀表示憤慨。他在錄音中透露，從那以後他就沒有與內塔尼亞胡接觸過。
“每個人都知道我對內塔尼亞胡的看法，”奧爾默特說。“我不喜歡他，我不欣賞他，我不信任他，我不相信他的正直。但特朗普的採訪是一個活生生的例子，他認為一切都是私人的。一切都是根據他個人的興趣來判斷的。”
來自 Jpost 的最新文章
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Bar Lev under fire for speaking ofsetter violence withUS official
奧爾默特說，內塔尼亞胡祝賀
拜登
當選的事實表明，他作為以色列人應該期待他們的總理採取行動——祝賀正式當選的美國總統。奧爾默特指出，內塔尼亞胡在發布他的祝賀視頻時猶豫不決，直到他認為以色列領導人沒有向美國當選總統表示祝賀成為一種尷尬。
奧爾默特說：“特朗普說，內塔尼亞胡祝賀拜登的事實是對以色列和美國之間特殊關係的背叛。” “這太瘋狂了，無法理解。他是個可憐的人。”
2020 年 1 月 28 日，美國總統唐納德·特朗普在美國華盛頓白宮東廳舉行的聯合新聞發布會上討論中東和平計劃提案時，向以色列總理本傑明·內塔尼亞胡眨眼。（來源：REUTERS/BRENDAN MCDERMID )
奧爾默特的評論是在第 13 屆以色列-英國-澳大利亞關係年度領導力對話的開幕式上發表的，該對話是由猶太慈善家和商人阿爾伯特·達頓創立的國際戰略領導力對話研究所的一項倡議。開幕式是前總理圓桌討論，包括奧爾默特和澳大利亞前總理托尼·阿博特。
當被問及特朗普在以色列貝特努派系會議上對內塔尼亞胡的批評時，財政部長阿維格多·利伯曼說：“前總統知道比比只知道如何利用人，而不是和他們交朋友。”
與奧爾默特一樣通常對內塔尼亞胡持批評態度的外交部長亞伊爾·拉皮德 (Yair Lapid) 週一在他的 Yesh Atid 派系會議上告訴記者，“內塔尼亞胡向當選總統拜登表示祝賀是正確的。
在接受沃拉新聞外交記者巴拉克·拉維德 (Barak Ravid) 採訪時，特朗普一再談到他對內塔尼亞胡在特朗普對以色列的慷慨政策之後向拜登發出的祝賀信息的背叛感，他聲稱這也使內塔尼亞胡在政治上受益。
“沒有人比我為比比和以色列所做的更多，”特朗普說。“還有錢。我們給了很多錢，我給了軍隊，我們給了我們所做的一切，”儘管目前還不清楚他提到向以色列提供軍隊是什麼意思。
“戈蘭高地是一件大事，”特朗普說。“人們說那是 100 億美元的禮物。如果不是我，他可能會輸掉選舉。他被綁住了，然後在我完成了戈蘭高地之後他又上升了很多。”
特朗普在向拜登回答有關視頻信息的問題時說：“自從[他祝賀喬拜登]以來，我就沒有和他說過話。操他。”
特朗普指責內塔尼亞胡欺騙他和他的政府，表明他與巴勒斯坦人達成和平協議的誠意。
針對特朗普的言論，內塔尼亞胡在一份聲明中堅稱，他非常欣賞特朗普。
奧爾默特為“可悲的”特朗普辯護內塔尼亞胡
因對繼任者的敵意而聞名的前總理稱前總統可悲；利伯曼：特朗普說比比只是利用人是對的
通過GIL HOFFMAN
發佈時間： 2021 年 12 月 13 日 14:47
更新時間： 2021 年 12 月 13 日 17:36
以色列前總理埃胡德·奧爾默特在美國紐約市舉行的年度耶路撒冷郵報會議上發表講話。2018 年 4 月 29 日。
（圖片來源：MARC ISRAEL SELLEM）
廣告
在美國前總統唐納德特朗普批評內塔尼亞胡祝賀美國總統喬拜登在 2020 年美國總統大選中獲勝的錄音後，前總理埃胡德奧爾默特週一罕見地為反對派領導人本傑明內塔尼亞胡辯護。
特朗普對內塔尼亞胡在拜登抗議競選結果時向他表示祝賀表示憤慨。他在錄音中透露，從那以後他就沒有與內塔尼亞胡接觸過。
“每個人都知道我對內塔尼亞胡的看法，”奧爾默特說。“我不喜歡他，我不欣賞他，我不信任他，我不相信他的正直。但特朗普的採訪是一個活生生的例子，他認為一切都是私人的。一切都是根據他個人的興趣來判斷的。”
來自 Jpost 的最新文章
熱門文章
READ MORE
Bar Lev under fire for speaking ofsetter violence withUS official
奧爾默特說，內塔尼亞胡祝賀
拜登
當選的事實表明，他作為以色列人應該期待他們的總理採取行動——祝賀正式當選的美國總統。奧爾默特指出，內塔尼亞胡在發布他的祝賀視頻時猶豫不決，直到他認為以色列領導人沒有向美國當選總統表示祝賀成為一種尷尬。
奧爾默特說：“特朗普說，內塔尼亞胡祝賀拜登的事實是對以色列和美國之間特殊關係的背叛。” “這太瘋狂了，無法理解。他是個可憐的人。”
2020 年 1 月 28 日，美國總統唐納德·特朗普在美國華盛頓白宮東廳舉行的聯合新聞發布會上討論中東和平計劃提案時，向以色列總理本傑明·內塔尼亞胡眨眼。（來源：REUTERS/BRENDAN MCDERMID )
奧爾默特的評論是在第 13 屆以色列-英國-澳大利亞關係年度領導力對話的開幕式上發表的，該對話是由猶太慈善家和商人阿爾伯特·達頓創立的國際戰略領導力對話研究所的一項倡議。開幕式是前總理圓桌討論，包括奧爾默特和澳大利亞前總理托尼·阿博特。
當被問及特朗普在以色列貝特努派系會議上對內塔尼亞胡的批評時，財政部長阿維格多·利伯曼說：“前總統知道比比只知道如何利用人，而不是和他們交朋友。”
與奧爾默特一樣通常對內塔尼亞胡持批評態度的外交部長亞伊爾·拉皮德 (Yair Lapid) 週一在他的 Yesh Atid 派系會議上告訴記者，“內塔尼亞胡向當選總統拜登表示祝賀是正確的。
在接受沃拉新聞外交記者巴拉克·拉維德 (Barak Ravid) 採訪時，特朗普一再談到他對內塔尼亞胡在特朗普對以色列的慷慨政策之後向拜登發出的祝賀信息的背叛感，他聲稱這也使內塔尼亞胡在政治上受益。
“沒有人比我為比比和以色列所做的更多，”特朗普說。“還有錢。我們給了很多錢，我給了軍隊，我們給了我們所做的一切，”儘管目前還不清楚他提到向以色列提供軍隊是什麼意思。
“戈蘭高地是一件大事，”特朗普說。“人們說那是 100 億美元的禮物。如果不是我，他可能會輸掉選舉。他被綁住了，然後在我完成了戈蘭高地之後他又上升了很多。”
特朗普在向拜登回答有關視頻信息的問題時說：“自從[他祝賀喬拜登]以來，我就沒有和他說過話。操他。”
特朗普指責內塔尼亞胡欺騙他和他的政府，表明他與巴勒斯坦人達成和平協議的誠意。
針對特朗普的言論，內塔尼亞胡在一份聲明中堅稱，他非常欣賞特朗普。
抗議伊朗教師在德黑蘭遭到安全部隊襲擊
數月以來，伊朗教師一直在抗議，要求加薪。
通過TZVI JOFFRE
發佈時間： 2021 年 12 月 13 日 15:46
2019 年伊朗燃料抗議。
（圖片來源：MEHR 新聞社）
廣告
據法爾達電台報導，週一在伊朗議會前抗議的伊朗教師遭到安全部隊的襲擊，因為他們抗議週六暴力逮捕一名教師。
據報導，在推特上分享的現場視頻顯示，抗議者與安全部隊作鬥爭。
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伊朗教師最近幾天舉行罷工，過去幾個月一直在抗議，要求政府實施“80% 排名計劃”，該計劃要求教師的工資至少為教職員工的 80%。
週六，組織抗議活動的伊朗文化協會協調委員會宣布，教師工會活動家拉蘇爾·巴達吉 (Rasoul Badaghi) 在家中遭到安全部隊的暴力逮捕，他們毆打他並沒收了所有通訊工具。沒有說明逮捕他的理由。
在德黑蘭 Al-Mahdi 學校的教室裡，學生和他們的老師穿著防護裝備，以幫助防止冠狀病毒病 (COVID-19) 的傳播（圖片來源：MAJID ASGARIPOUR/WANA/REUTERS）
巴達吉過去曾被監禁，包括在 2009 年該國總統選舉後的抗議活動中。
在與支持教師抗議的伊朗文化協會協調委員會相關的 Telegram 頻道上發表的一份聲明對軍隊和其他機構的預算成倍增加而教師和“大多數人的生計”的預算成倍增加表示憤慨。社會，包括文化人物，都被忽視了。”
據 Telegram 頻道報導，設拉子、亞茲德、胡齊斯坦和布什爾以及全國其他數十個城鎮也發生了教師抗議活動。抗議活動的視頻和照片顯示，許多城市都有大量人群遊行和抗議。
聲明補充說，政府“沒有意願”解決這些問題。工會警告說，如果官員們認為逮捕巴達吉和審判、毆打和監禁其他活動人士會阻止他們的要求，“他們就大錯特錯了”。
幾週前，伊朗安全部隊在嚴重缺水的情況下暴力鎮壓了伊斯法罕農民的和平抗議活動。據報導，一些抗議者在當局的鎮壓中喪生。
Protesting Iranian teachers attacked by security forces in Tehran
Iranian teachers have been protesting for months, demanding a raise in their salaries.
By TZVI JOFFRE
Published: DECEMBER 13, 2021 15:46
2019 Iranian fuel protests.
(photo credit: MEHR NEWS AGENCY)
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Iranian teachers protesting in front of the Iranian parliament on Monday were attacked by security forces as they demonstrated against the violent arrest of a teacher on Saturday, according to Radio Farda.
Video shared on Twitter reportedly from the scene showed protesters struggling against security forces.
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Teachers in Iran have gone on strike in recent days and have been protesting over the past few months demanding that the government implement the "80% ranking plan," which would require teachers' wages to be at least 80% that of faculty members.
On Saturday, the Coordinating Council of Iranian Cultural Associations, which is organizing the protests, announced that Rasoul Badaghi, a teacher union activist, was violently arrested at his home by security forces who beat him and confiscated all means of communication. No reason was given for his arrest.
Students and their teacher wear protective gear to help prevent the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), in a classroom at Al-Mahdi School in Tehran (credit: MAJID ASGARIPOUR/WANA/REUTERS)
Badaghi has been imprisoned in the past, including during protests in 2009 after presidential elections in the country.
A statement issued on a Telegram channel associated with the Coordinating Council of Iranian Cultural Associations which is supporting the teachers' protests, expressed outrage that the budgets of the military and other institutions have multiplied while the budget for teachers and "the livelihoods of the majority of society, including cultural figures, have been neglected."
Teacher protests also took place in Shiraz, Yazd, Khuzestan and Bushehr, among dozens of other towns and cities throughout the country, according to a Telegram channel. Video and photos from the protests showed large crowds in many cities marching and protesting.
The statement added that the government was showing "no will" to solve the issues. The union warned that if officials thought that the arrest of Badaghi and the trial, beating and imprisonment of other activists would stop their demands, "they are sorely mistaken."
The teachers' protests come just weeks after Iranian security forces violently repressed peaceful protests by farmers in Isfahan amid a severe water shortage. A number of protesters were reportedly killed in the crackdown by authorities.
沙特和伊朗專家在約旦進行“安全對話”
沙特和伊朗安全專家週一在安曼會面，討論了“建立信任措施”。
通過耶路撒冷郵報STAFF
發佈時間： 2021 年 12 月 13 日 12:02
更新時間： 2021 年 12 月 13 日 15:23
沙特阿拉伯王儲穆罕默德·本·薩勒曼在一月份在沙特阿拉伯阿爾烏拉舉行的海灣合作委員會第 41 屆峰會上發表講話。
（照片來源：班達爾海藻/路透社）
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約旦國家通訊社佩特拉週一報導，沙特和伊朗專家參加了在約旦首都安曼舉行的安全對話，討論了地區競爭對手之間建立信任的措施。
一名伊朗高級外交官告訴路透社，沒有伊朗官員參加了這次會議，佩特拉說這次會議是由阿拉伯安全研究所主辦的。
“在安曼舉行的不是正式會議。當然，學者之間的這種會議有助於更好地了解兩個鄰國之間的現實，”這位外交官說。
沙特阿拉伯沒有立即就安曼的安全對話發表評論。
利雅得和德黑蘭今年開始直接會談，在伊拉克舉行了四輪會談。兩國學者之間的外交過去曾發生過。
Saudi, Iranian experts conduct 'security dialogue' in Jordan
Saudi and Iranian security experts met in Amman on Monday and discussed 'confidence building measures.'
By JERUSALEM POST STAFF
Published: DECEMBER 13, 2021 12:02
Updated: DECEMBER 13, 2021 15:23
SAUDI ARABIAN Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman speaks during the Gulf Cooperation Council’s 41st Summit in Al-Ula, Saudi Arabia, in January.
(photo credit: BANDAR ALGALOUD/REUTERS)
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Saudi and Iranian experts took part in a security dialogue in the Jordanian capital Amman which discussed confidence-building measures between the regional rivals, Jordan's state news agency Petra reported on Monday.
A senior Iranian diplomat told Reuters that no Iranian official attended the session, which Petra said was hosted by the Arab Institute for Security Studies.
"What was held in Amman was not an official meeting. But of course such meetings between academics are useful to give better understanding about realities between the two neighbors," the diplomat said.
There was no immediate comment from Saudi Arabia on the security dialog in Amman.
Riyadh and Tehran started direct talks this year with four rounds held in Iraq. Diplomacy among academics from the two countries has taken place in the past.
“以色列空襲敘利亞化學武器”背後的信息？- 分析
《華盛頓郵報》發表了一篇報導，揭露以色列對敘利亞的化學武器設施進行了襲擊。
作者：SETH J. FRANZMAN
發佈時間： 2021 年 12 月 14 日 15:31
2018 年 5 月 10 日在敘利亞大馬士革看到導彈射擊。
（圖片來源：路透社/OMAR SANADIKI）
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據《華盛頓郵報》報導，以色列在敘利亞進行了兩輪空襲，目標是與化學武器開發有關的地點。2020 年 3 月和 2021 年 6 月的罷工襲擊了多個地點。這是個大新聞，報告稱其為“敘利亞境內非常不尋常的空襲”。美國對以色列在敘利亞的行動的支持在過去五年中有所增加，這很可能是這些報導行動的關鍵，這是向阿薩德政權傳達的信息，即不要採購危險的大規模殺傷性武器。此外，這是向伊朗傳達的信息，展示了以色列在該地區消除危險威脅的關鍵能力。
敘利亞的化學武器計劃曾經是敘利亞和美國之間緊張局勢的核心，並引發了對敘利亞對敘利亞叛軍使用化學武器的指控的諸多爭議。現在，敘利亞政權正在該地區重建，其外展活動來自海灣、埃及和其他地方。伊朗是一個重要的政權盟友，俄羅斯也是。
這意味著這份報告背後的信息與時間和其他與化學武器沒有直接關係的問題有很大關係。讓我們看看報告可以告訴我們哪些細節。首先，“6 月 8 日的襲擊針對的是敘利亞軍事設施——所有這些設施都與該國以前的化學武器計劃有關。” 據此，這些噴氣式飛機襲擊了三個軍事目標，殺死了七名敘利亞士兵。這很重要，因為儘管以色列對敘利亞境內的伊朗目標進行了數千次襲擊，但據以色列前參謀長稱，這些襲擊很少殺死敘利亞政權士兵。
2020 年 3 月的罷工呢？“以色列官員下令 [6 月] 突襲，以及一年前的一次類似突襲，根據情報顯示，敘利亞政府正在獲取化學前體和其他供應品，以重建它在八年前表面上放棄的化學武器能力，據四名在襲擊發生時接觸敏感情報的現任和前任美國和西方情報官員說。
時間線更進一步。該報告稱，以色列兩年前開始擔心，即 2019 年，敘利亞政權正試圖“進口一種可用於製造致命沙林神經毒劑的關鍵化學品”。“西方情報”告訴記者，該政權據稱正在採購磷酸三鈣（TCP）。眾所周知，它“被用作沙林和其他神經毒劑的前體”。TCP 被發送到敘利亞科學研究中心的第 450 分部。“SSRC 從 1980 年代到至少 2014 年監督敘利亞化學武器的生產，”報告稱。第一次襲擊的目標是霍姆斯附近的一座“別墅”。
2017 年 6 月 15 日，敘利亞南部城市德拉 (Deraa) 叛軍控制的地區遭到空襲後，濃煙升起（示例）。（來源：路透社/ALAA AL-FAQIR）
報告中引用的西方官員顯然認為這些化學品將重建該政權的化學武器計劃，因此發生了更多的罷工。“6 月 8 日的襲擊目標是大馬士革北部沙漠村莊 Nasiriyah 附近的一個軍事儲存地堡，以及霍姆斯附近的另外兩個地點。在這兩個中，一個被描述為位於霍姆斯西北約 40 英里的馬斯亞夫 SSRC 軍事實驗室的輔助設施。”
報告稱，此次襲擊旨在阻止敘利亞重新開始其化學武器生產。但是這裡提出了兩個關鍵問題。“任何轟炸現有神經毒劑庫存的努力都有可能釋放出大量致命氣體，這些氣體可能會擴散到附近的城鎮和村莊。” 這意味著人們只能在它們投入生產之前對其進行打擊。“特朗普和拜登政府的高級官員在襲擊發生後不久就意識到了襲擊事件和潛在的情報，現任和前任官員說。”
後一點很重要。這應該表明以色列沒有與西方情報機構或美國就打擊行動進行協調。然而，這裡有一個難題。如果特朗普政府官員意識到 2020 年 3 月的襲擊事件，那麼從邏輯上講，拜登政府就會知道這一點。從邏輯上講，擔心該政權侵犯人權和使用化學武器的美國如果不知道的話，就會跟踪正在發生的事情。我們將在回顧關於敘利亞化學武器發展的已知信息後回到這個問題。
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早在 2013 年，路透社就曾報導稱，美國及其盟國正在考慮對敘利亞政權發動襲擊，以懲罰其使用化學武器殺害平民的行為。敘利亞被認為擁有的武器包括沙林。“沙林是一種清澈、無色、無味的液體，純淨時沒有氣味。它由四種常見的化合物組成：甲基膦酸二甲酯、三氯化磷、氟化鈉和酒精。” 根據禁化武組織的規定，敘利亞化學武器應該在 2014 年銷毀。這包括三氯化磷的數量。美國空軍非常規武器研究中心在 2017 年的一項研究中指出，敘利亞曾經擁有“260 公噸 13 種不同的‘第 2 類工業化學品’，包括氯乙胺、三氯化磷、三氯氧化磷、六胺、氯化氫和氟化氫。” 敘利亞還有1個研發基地和10個生產基地，以及12個儲存基地。
《華盛頓郵報》的報導還引用了美國前特使詹姆斯杰弗里大使的話。
“這當然應該包括[當時的國務卿邁克]龐培和其他人提供的證據。. . 阿薩德正試圖重組他的化學武器。” 杰弗裡很重要，因為早在 2021 年 1 月，他就告訴 Al-Monitor 的記者 Jared Szuba，
“美國支持的以色列對該國伊朗目標的打擊進一步限制了[敘利亞]政權的軍事選擇。” 他繼續指出，“美國祇是在我加入後才開始支持這一點。我出去看到了[當時]總理[本傑明]內塔尼亞胡和其他人，他們認為他們沒有得到美國軍方的足夠支持，而不是情報部門。美國政府內部發生了一場大戰，我們贏得了這場戰鬥。[反對支持以色列的運動] 的論點再次是對反恐任務的痴迷。人們不想搞砸它，要么擔心土耳其，要么轉移資源讓以色列人在敘利亞亂搞，因為這可能會給我們的部隊帶來一些反擊。它沒有。”
2021 年 1 月的引述指出，特朗普政府推動與以色列就敘利亞問題進行更密切的協調。杰弗里以外的特朗普官員為此而努力，包括國務卿和前中央情報局局長邁克龐培以及國家安全顧問約翰博爾頓。博爾頓表示，美國將努力讓伊朗在 2018 年離開敘利亞。
讓我們回想一下，早在 2018 年 12 月，特朗普政府就衝動地決定離開敘利亞。政府將在 2019 年 10 月嘗試做同樣的事情，導致土耳其入侵和土耳其支持的對敘利亞東部的美國夥伴部隊的襲擊。這些事件當時與以色列有關。敘利亞政權能夠重新征服戈蘭附近的敘利亞南部地區。由俄羅斯和美國促成的停火破裂了。該政權於 2018 年夏天席捲戈蘭邊境。 與此同時，親伊朗部隊還在阿爾布卡邁勒 (Albukamal) 佔領了伊拉克-敘利亞邊境地區。2018 年 6 月，對位於阿爾布卡邁勒的 Kataib 真主黨總部的這些民兵發動了空襲。與此同時，伊朗在敘利亞擴大了據點。伊朗於 2018 年 2 月將一架無人機從 T-4 飛入以色列領空。到 2019 年秋季，真主黨特工將無人機帶到戈蘭附近的房屋。8 月 24 日的空襲襲擊了殺手無人機小組，導致緊張局勢加劇。2017 年 8 月，以色列前空軍司令埃米爾·埃舍爾 (Amir Eshel) 曾表示，以色列為敘利亞真主黨打擊了多達 150 支伊朗軍火車隊。
那麼，這就是 2020 年 3 月空襲前出現的情況。土耳其於 2020 年 2 月與敘利亞政權發生衝突。 3 月的空襲就是在這種背景下發生的。如果空襲的目標是該政權採購的新生化學武器，為什麼當時沒有公佈這些信息？在敘利亞空襲的所有有爭議的方面中，似乎在化學武器組裝之前將其作為目標是一個對以色列或美國來說是一個積極的問題。相反，平靜一直持續到 2021 年 12 月。
以色列以前曾襲擊過敘利亞的大規模殺傷性武器。2007年，以色列對一座疑似核反應堆進行了空襲。2018 年 3 月，當以色列首次公開表示已進行了 2007 年的襲擊時，《衛報》指出，“將罷工公之於眾的舉動已經被廣泛報導並被美國官員引用，是在反复警告的情況下發生的。 [當時] 以色列總理本雅明·內塔尼亞胡 (Benjamin Netanyahu) 要求美國和其他國家對敘利亞的盟友伊朗採取更強有力的行動。” 這意味著它可能與更廣泛的消息傳遞有關。以色列曾於 2017 年 4 月將其決定在敘利亞發動襲擊的決定告知美國官員，有報導稱以色列希望得到美國的支持。2015 年，華盛頓郵報還報導稱，以色列和美國情報部門共同打擊了敘利亞的真主黨指揮官伊馬德·穆格尼耶 (Imad Mughniyeh)。這表明以色列和美國在敘利亞問題和來自敘利亞的威脅方面有著悠久的歷史。對旨在重振敘利亞化學武器計劃的新生計劃的任何打擊似乎也將涉及聯合討論。
該信息可能是提醒阿薩德政權注意它不應繼續採購化學武器的事實，並表明以色列在消除此類威脅方面在該地區的重要性。
The message behind ‘Israel airstrikes on Syrian chemical weapons’? - analysis
The Washington Post published a story revealing that Israeli carried out strikes on chemical weapons facilities in Syria.
By SETH J. FRANTZMAN
Published: DECEMBER 14, 2021 15:31
Missile fire is seen from Damascus, Syria May 10, 2018.
(photo credit: REUTERS/OMAR SANADIKI)
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Israel carried out two rounds of airstrikes in Syria, targeting sites linked to chemical weapons development, according to a report from The Washington Post. The strikes in March 2020 and June 2021 struck several sites. This is big news, and the report calls it a “highly unusual airstrike deep inside Syrian territory.” It is likely that US support for Israeli operations in Syria, a support that has grown over the last half-decade, was key to these reported operations and that this is a message to the Assad regime not to procure dangerous weapons of mass destruction. In addition, this is a message to Iran and showcases Israel’s key abilities in the region to neutralize dangerous threats.
Syria’s chemical weapons program was once the heart of tensions between Syria and the US and was a cause of much controversy over allegations that Syria had used chemical weapons against Syrian rebels. Now the Syrian regime is being rehabilitated in the region, with outreach coming from the Gulf, Egypt and elsewhere. Iran is a key regime ally, as is Russia.
This means the message behind this report has a lot to do with timing and other issues that are not directly related to chemical weapons. Let’s see what details the report can tell us. First, “the June 8 strike was aimed at Syrian military facilities — all with links to the country’s former chemical weapons program.” According to this, the jets struck three military targets, killing seven Syrian soldiers. This is important because despite the fact that Israel has carried out thousands of strikes on Iranian targets in Syria, according to Israel’s former Chief of Staff, those strikes rarely kill Syrian regime soldiers.
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What about the March 2020 strikes? “Israeli officials ordered the [June] raid, and a similar one a year earlier, based on intelligence suggesting that Syria’s government was acquiring chemical precursors and other supplies needed to rebuild the chemical-weapons capability that it had ostensibly given up eight years ago, according to four current and former US and Western intelligence officials with access to sensitive intelligence at the time of the strikes.”
The timeline goes back further. The report alleges that Israeli concerns began two years ago, in 2019, that the Syrian regime was attempting to “import a key chemical that can be used to make deadly sarin nerve agent.” The regime supposedly was procuring tricalcium phosphate (TCP), “western intelligence” told the reporters. It is “known to be used as a precursor for sarin and other nerve agents.” The TCP was being sent to Branch 450 of Syria’s Scientific Studies and Research Center. “The SSRC oversaw production of Syria’s chemical weapons from the 1980s until at least 2014,” the report says. The first strike targeted a “villa” near Homs.
Smoke rises after airstrikes on a rebel-held part of the southern city of Deraa, Syria, June 15, 2017 (illustrative). (credit: REUTERS/ALAA AL-FAQIR)
Western officials quoted in the report apparently believed that the chemicals were going to rebuild the regime’s chemical weapons program, so more strikes took place. “The June 8 strike targeted a military storage bunker near Nasiriyah, a desert village north of Damascus, and two additional sites near Homs. Of those two, one was described as an auxiliary facility for the SSRC’s military laboratory in Masyaf, about 40 miles northwest of Homs.”
The report says the strikes were designed to pre-empt Syria from restarting its chemical weapons production. But there are two key questions raised here. “Any effort to bomb an existing stockpile of nerve agents risks unleashing plumes of lethal gases that can spread to nearby towns and villages.” That means one can only strike them before they go into production. “Senior officials in both the Trump and Biden administrations became aware of the attacks and the underlying intelligence shortly after the strikes, current and former officials said.”
This latter point is important. It is supposed to indicate that Israel didn’t coordinate with western intelligence or the US on the strikes. However, there is something here that presents a conundrum. If the Trump administration officials became aware of the March 2020 attack, then logically, the Biden administration would have known about this. Logically, the US, which was concerned about the regime’s rights abuses and chemical weapons, would have kept track of what was going on if they didn’t already know. We will return to this issue after reviewing what is known about Syrian chemical weapons development.
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Back in 2013, Reuters had reported that the US and allies were considering an attack on Syria’s regime to punish it for murdering civilians using chemical weapons. Among the weapons Syria was thought to have, were those including Sarin. “Sarin is a clear, colorless and tasteless liquid that has no odor in its pure form. It is made up of four common chemical compounds: dimethyl methyl phosphonate, phosphorus trichloride, sodium fluoride and alcohol.” Syrian chemical weapons were supposed to be destroyed according to the OPCW in 2014. This included phosphorous trichloride amounts. A study by the US Air Force Center for Unconventional Weapons Studies noted in 2017 that Syria had once had “260 metric tons of 13 different ‘category 2 industrial chemicals’ including chloroethylamine, phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus oxychloride, hexamine, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen fluoride.” Syria also had one research and development site and 10 production sites, along with 12 storage sites.
The report at The Washington Post also quotes former US envoy Ambassador James Jeffrey
“This should certainly include the evidence presented by [then-Secretary of State Mike] Pompeo and others . . . that Assad is trying to reconstitute his chemical weapons.” Jeffrey is important because back in January 2021 he told reporter Jared Szuba at Al-Monitor that
“US-supported Israeli strikes on Iranian targets in the country further limited the [Syrian] regime’s military options.” He went on to note that “the US only began supporting that when I came on board. I went out there and we saw [then] Prime Minister [Benjamin] Netanyahu and others, and they thought that they were not being supported enough by the US military, and not by intelligence. And there was a big battle within the US government, and we won the battle. The argument [against supporting Israel’s campaign] was, again, this obsession with the counterterrorism mission. People didn’t want to screw with it, either by worrying about Turkey or diverting resources to allow the Israelis to muck around in Syria, as maybe that will lead to some blowback to our forces. It hasn’t.”
The January 2021 quotes note that the Trump administration pushed for closer coordination with Israel regarding Syria. Trump officials beyond Jeffrey worked towards this end, including Secretary of State and former CIA head Mike Pompeo and also National Security Advisor John Bolton. Bolton said the US would work to get Iran to leave Syria in 2018.
Let’s recall that back in December 2018 the Trump administration had impulsively decided to leave Syria. The administration would attempt to do the same thing in October 2019, leading to a Turkish invasion and Turkish-backed attacks on US partner forces in eastern Syria. Those incidents concerned Israel at the time. The Syrian regime was able to re-conquer areas in southern Syria near the Golan. A ceasefire brokered by Russia and the US broke down. The regime swept up to the Golan border in the summer of 2018. Meanwhile, pro-Iranian forces had also secured areas on the Iraq-Syria border at Albukamal. An airstrike targeted those militias at a Kataib Hezbollah headquarters in Albukamal in June 2018. Meanwhile, Iranian entrenchment expanded in Syria. Iran had flown a drone from T-4 into Israeli airspace in February 2018. By the fall of 2019, Hezbollah agents had brought drones to houses near the Golan. An August 24 airstrike hit the killer drone team, leading to more tensions. Israel’s former head of the Air Force Amir Eshel had already said in August 2017 that Israel had struck up to 150 Iranian arms convoys for Hezbollah in Syria.
This, then, is the picture that emerges in the lead-up to the March 2020 airstrike. Turkey had clashed with the Syrian regime in February 2020. The March airstrike comes in that context. If the airstrike targeted nascent chemical weapons procurement by the regime why wasn’t that information released at the time? Of all the controversial aspects of airstrikes in Syria, it would appear targeting chemical weapons before they are assembled is an issue that would be a net positive for Israel or the US to remark upon. Instead quiet prevailed until December 2021.
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Israel has struck at Syria’s weapons of mass destruction before. In 2007, Israel carried out an airstrike on a suspected nuclear reactor. In March 2018, when Israel publically said for the first time it had carried out the 2007 raid,
The Guardian noted that “the move to go public with the strike, which has already been widely reported and cited to US officials, comes amid repeated warnings by [then] Israeli prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, for the United States and others to take more robust action on Syria’s ally, Iran.” This means it may have been linked to wider messaging. Israel had told US officials about its decision to strike in Syria in April 2017, and reports indicated Israel hoped for US support. In 2015, The Washington Post also reported that Israel and US intelligence worked together to target Hezbollah commander Imad Mughniyeh in Syria. This points to a long history of Israel and the US working on Syrian issues and threats from Syria. It would appear that any strikes on nascent programs designed to rekindle Syria’s chemical weapons programs would involve joint discussion as well.
The message may be to alert the Assad regime to the fact that it should not continue down the road of chemical weapons procurement and to show how important Israel is in the region in terms of neutralizing these kinds of threats.
海盜在幾內亞灣從集裝箱船上劫持六名人質
發言人說，這艘集裝箱船懸掛利比里亞國旗航行，但該船的名稱或經營者尚不清楚。
通過路透
發佈時間： 2021 年 12 月 14 日 14:10
一艘集裝箱船於 2021 年 3 月 31 日在埃及伊斯梅利亞的蘇伊士運河航行。蘇伊士運河管理局/路透社的講義
（圖片來源：路透社）
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丹麥軍方發言人周二表示，海盜週一在幾內亞灣國際水域襲擊了一艘商業集裝箱船，劫持了 6 名人質。
一艘丹麥護衛艦在海盜安全風險加劇的情況下在該地區作業，週一派出一架直升機幫助營救這艘集裝箱船，這艘集裝箱船在赤道幾內亞領土比奧科島附近的一艘小船上遭到海盜襲擊。
發言人告訴路透社，這架直升機跟隨這艘載有六名人質的小艇駛向尼日爾三角洲，但在抵達尼日利亞國家水域時停了下來，在那裡它被禁止飛行。
發言人說，這艘集裝箱船懸掛利比里亞國旗航行，但該船的名稱或經營者尚不清楚。
丹麥於 10 月將護衛艦 Esbern Snare 部署到幾內亞灣。上個月，護衛艦船員在尼日利亞南部水域開槍打死了四名海盜，目前在護衛艦上還抓著其他四名在行動中被捕的海盜。丹麥官員一直在與該地區的政府進行談判，以將這四名海盜從護衛艦上移走。
Pirates take six hostages from container ship in Gulf of Guinea
The container ship was sailing under a Liberian flag, the spokesperson said, but the name or operator of the vessel were not immediately clear.
By REUTERS
Published: DECEMBER 14, 2021 14:10
A container ship sails at the Suez Canal, in Ismailia, Egypt March 31, 2021. Suez Canal Authority/Handout via REUTERS
(photo credit: REUTERS)
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Pirates took six hostages during an attack on a commercial container ship in international waters in the Gulf of Guinea on Monday, a spokesperson for the Danish military said on Tuesday.
A Danish frigate operating in the area amid heightened security risks from pirates sent a helicopter on Monday to help rescue the container ship that was under attack from pirates in a skiff near Bioko Island, a territory belonging to Equatorial Guinea.
The helicopter followed the skiff with the six hostages on board as it sailed towards the Niger Delta, but stopped when it reached Nigerian national waters, where it is not allowed to operate, the spokesperson told Reuters.
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The container ship was sailing under a Liberian flag, the spokesperson said, but the name or operator of the vessel were not immediately clear.
Denmark deployed the frigate Esbern Snare to the Gulf of Guinea in October. Last month, the frigate crew shot and killed four pirates in waters south of Nigeria and still holds four other pirates who were captured in the operation on board the frigate. Danish officials have been in talks with governments in the region to transfer the four pirates off the frigate.
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