2021.12.09 國際新聞導讀-美國沒收繳獲的伊朗武器與石油、美國盟邦紛紛抵制中國冬季奧運、智利通過同性婚姻法、土耳其企圖改善與中東國家的關係、針對民主的統治所做之民調報告

蘇老師講解國際新聞、中東與中亞歷史、中國事務、太空知識的頻道。 Diplomat's daily news review and history research on Middle East and Central Asia, China Affairs and Space Exploration

2021.12.09 國際新聞導讀-美國沒收繳獲的伊朗武器與石油、美國盟邦紛紛抵制中國冬季奧運、智利通過同性婚姻法、土耳其企圖改善與中東國家的關係、針對民主的統治所做之民調報告
英國、加拿大聯合抵制北京奧運會
英國將與加拿大、澳大利亞和美國一道，通過外交抵制北京冬奧會，抗議中國侵犯維吾爾人的人權。
通過路透
加拿大總理賈斯汀·特魯多周三表示，加拿大將與盟國一道，通過外交抵制北京 2022 年冬季奧運會，向中國發出關於其人權記錄的信息。
澳大利亞和英國的總理週三表示，澳大利亞和英國將加入外交抵制行列，因為其他盟友正在權衡類似的舉動，以抗議中國的人權記錄。
喬拜登總統的政府引用了美國所謂的針對中國新疆地區少數穆斯林的種族滅絕。中國否認所有侵犯人權的行為。
上週在北京舉行的 2022 年冬季奧運會開幕倒計時 100 天的展示。（信用：托馬斯·彼得/路透社）
特魯多對記者說：“世界各地的許多合作夥伴都對中國政府一再侵犯人權的行為極為關切。這就是為什麼我們今天宣布，我們不會向北京奧運會派駐任何外交代表。”
英國周三表示，它也將加入抵制行列，遭到中國的嚴厲譴責，中國稱英國首相鮑里斯·約翰遜試圖抹黑奧運會。
白宮週一宣布，美國政府官員將抵制即將在北京舉行的北京冬奧會，理由是中國的人權“暴行”，儘管該行動允許美國運動員前往參加比賽。
如果英國效仿，約翰遜在議會中受到兩名不同立法者的壓力，他說：“北京冬奧會實際上將受到外交抵制，預計沒有部長出席，也沒有官員出席。”
“我認為抵制體育運動是不明智的，這仍然是政府的政策，”他補充道。
中國表示沒有邀請任何英國部長。
“北京冬奧會是全世界奧林匹克運動員和冬季運動愛好者的聚會，不是任何國家的政治操縱工具，”中國大使館發言人說。
這位發言人說：“在北京冬奧會期間利用政府官員的存在來製造問題實質上是一種政治抹黑運動。”
“愛就是愛：”智利國會在歷史性投票中通過同性婚姻
就在分裂的總統選舉前幾週，智利在一次歷史性的投票中使同性婚姻合法化。
通過路透
發佈時間： 2021 年 12 月 7 日 19:34
2021 年 12 月 7 日，在智利瓦爾帕萊索，參議院投票通過一項同性婚姻法案，人們在眾議院做出反應
（圖片來源：路透社/羅德里戈·加里多）
廣告
智利國會周二通過了一項法律，使同性婚姻合法化，這對保守的南美國家來說是一個里程碑，經過漫長的法律程序，就在智利人前往投票站進行分裂總統選舉前幾週。
“今天是歷史性的一天，我們的國家批准了同性婚姻，在正義、平等方面又向前邁進了一步，認識到愛就是愛，”社會發展部長卡拉·魯比拉爾在投票後說。
智利參議院和下議院週二均投票贊成該法案，此前該法案於 11 月獲得部分批准，然後參議院將其送回委員會以澄清歧義。
無法競選連任的現任總統塞巴斯蒂安·皮涅拉 (Sebastian Pinera) 已支持該法案，並有望很快將其簽署成為法律。
投票結束了一個始於 2007 年的過程，當時的總統米歇爾·巴切萊特 (Michelle Bachelet) 推動國會通過了一項同性法律。智利現在準備加入全球 20 多個合法同性婚姻的國家，包括拉丁美洲的阿根廷、巴西、哥倫比亞、哥斯達黎加和烏拉圭
智利將於 12 月 19 日選舉新總統，在進步的加布里埃爾·博里克和社會保守派的天主教徒何塞·安東尼奧·卡斯特之間做出選擇。
雖然卡斯特表示他不同意同性婚姻，但他曾表示，如果在他潛在的總統任期內獲得國會通過，他無論如何都會簽署該法案成為法律。
智利長期以來一直享有保守的聲譽，即使與其信仰虔誠的拉丁美洲同行相比也是如此。儘管如此，絕大多數智利人現在支持同性婚姻，而且智利人近年來在社會和文化問題上表現出左傾的跡象。
自 2015 年以來，智利已允許民事結合，這為同性伴侶提供了許多但不是所有已婚夫婦的好處，例如收養權。
'Love is love:' Chile Congress passes same-sex marriage in historic vote
Same-sex marriage was legalized in Chile in a historic vote, just weeks before a divisive presidential election.
By REUTERS
Published: DECEMBER 7, 2021 19:34
People react at the Chamber of Deputies as the Senate vote to approve a same-sex marriage bill in Valparaiso, Chile December 7, 2021
(photo credit: REUTERS/RODRIGO GARRIDO)
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Chile's Congress on Tuesday passed a law to legalize same-sex marriage in a milestone for the conservative South American nation after a lengthy legal process, just weeks before Chileans head to the polls in a divisive presidential election.
"Today is a historic day, our country has approved same-sex marriage, one more step forward in terms of justice, in terms of equality, recognizing that love is love," Minister of Social Development Karla Rubilar said after the vote.
Chile's Senate and lower house of parliament both voted in favor of the bill on Tuesday, which had previously been partially approved in November before the Senate sent it back to a committee to clarify ambiguities.
Current President Sebastian Pinera, who is not able to run for reelection, has backed the bill and is expected to sign it into law soon.
The vote culminates a process that began in 2007, when then-President Michelle Bachelet pushed Congress to pass a same-sex law. Chile is now poised to join over 20 countries globally with legal same-sex marriage, including Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica and Uruguay in Latin America
A couple reacts with their daughter outside the Congress as the Senate vote to approve a same-sex marriage bill in Valparaiso, Chile December 7, 2021. (credit: REUTERS/RODRIGO GARRIDO)
Chile will elect a new president on Dec. 19, choosing between progressive Gabriel Boric and social conservative Jose Antonio Kast, a practicing Catholic.
While Kast has said he disagrees with same-sex marriage, he had said he would have signed the bill into law anyway had it been passed by Congress during a potential presidency of his.
Chile has long had a conservative reputation even compared with its deeply Catholic Latin American peers. Still, a strong majority of Chileans now support same-sex marriage and Chileans have shown signs of moving left on social and cultural issues in recent years.
Civil unions have been permitted in Chile since 2015, which affords same-sex partners many but not all the benefits of married couples, like the right to adoption.
更好的土以關係取決於巴勒斯坦問題 - 埃爾多安
土耳其總統雷傑普·塔伊普·埃爾多安（Recep Tayyip Erdogan）表示，他“過去曾與以色列進行過會談，但它需要對巴勒斯坦採取更敏感的行動。”
通過LAHAV哈爾科夫
發佈時間： 2021 年 12 月 8 日 14:48
更新時間： 2021 年 12 月 8 日 20:41
土耳其總統塔伊普·埃爾多安於 2020 年 3 月 5 日在俄羅斯莫斯科與俄羅斯總統弗拉基米爾·普京會面。
（圖片來源：PAVEL GOLOVKIN/POOL VIA REUTERS）
廣告
土耳其總統雷傑普·塔伊普·埃爾多安( Recep Tayyip Erdogan)週三表示，如果土耳其朝著與巴勒斯坦人的和平邁進，它將改善與以色列的關係。
據《沙巴日報》報導，埃爾多安說：“我過去曾與以色列進行過會談，但以色列需要對其巴勒斯坦地區政策採取更加敏感的行動。”
土耳其總統說，如果以色列改變在土耳其視為危險信號的領域的路線，以色列和土耳其可以再次交換大使，土耳其總統特別指的是耶路撒冷和阿克薩清真寺，報告稱。
埃爾多安在訪問卡塔爾期間對記者發表講話時提到了阿拉伯聯合酋長國修復與土耳其關係的步驟。
“類似的過程也可能發生在以色列身上；為什麼不？” 他說，並補充說他贊成地區和平。
土耳其總統塔伊普·埃爾多安於 2020 年 12 月 14 日在土耳其安卡拉舉行內閣會議後的新聞發布會上發表講話（來源：總統新聞辦公室/通過路透社的講義）
埃爾多安在上週的新聞發布會上發表了類似言論，在回答有關以色列和埃及的問題時說：“無論與阿聯酋採取什麼樣的步驟，我們也將對其他國家採取類似的措施。”
埃爾多安上個月還罕見地與總理納夫塔利·貝內特通了電話，並在土耳其釋放納塔利和莫迪·奧克寧（一對因拍攝埃爾多安伊斯坦布爾住所被拘留的以色列夫婦）幾個月後與總統艾薩克·赫爾佐格進行了第二次通話。
“如果在雙邊和地區問題上相互理解，可以最大限度地減少意見分歧，”土耳其對埃爾多安-赫爾佐格通話的宣讀稱。
埃爾多安在過去一年向以色列示好，這可以被視為土耳其參與該地區天然氣開發並改善其經濟的一種方式。此外，改善與以色列的關係可能​​有助於修復土耳其總統與稱埃爾多安為獨裁者的美國總統喬拜登之間的不良關係。
2010 年，與埃爾多安有關聯的 IHH（人道主義救濟基金會）派遣 Mavi Marmara 船破壞以色列國防軍對加沙的海上封鎖，武裝了船上的一些人，以色列和土耳其的關係在 2010 年達到了低點。以色列國防軍海軍突擊隊員攔住了這艘船，遭到船上 IHH 成員的襲擊，其中 9 人喪生。
在接下來的十年中，以色列和土耳其保持著外交關係，甚至在 2016 年重新安置了大使，直到 2018 年安卡拉因以色列對加沙邊境騷亂的反應而驅逐了以色列大使。
近年來，土耳其窩藏哈馬斯恐怖分子，支持東耶路撒冷破壞穩定的活動，埃爾多安指責以色列故意殺害巴勒斯坦兒童。
與此同時，以色列與土耳其的歷史對手希臘和塞浦路斯建立了密切的關係，尤其是在天然氣和國防領域。
這三個國家週二舉行了第八次峰會，這是與納夫塔利·貝內特總理舉行的第一次峰會。
希臘和塞浦路斯領導人在峰會期間的三邊新聞聲明中公開反對土耳其在塞浦路斯陸地和海上邊界的“不可接受的挑釁”。
Better Turkey-Israel ties depend on Palestinian issue - Erdogan
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said he "had talks with Israel in the past, but it needs to act more sensitively regarding Palestine."
By LAHAV HARKOV
Published: DECEMBER 8, 2021 14:48
Updated: DECEMBER 8, 2021 20:41
Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan attends a meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Moscow, Russia March 5, 2020.
(photo credit: PAVEL GOLOVKIN/POOL VIA REUTERS)
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Turkey will improve its relations with Israel if it moves toward peace with the Palestinians, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said on Wednesday.
“I’d had talks with Israel in the past, but Israel needs to act more sensitively regarding its regional policies on Palestine,” Erdogan said, according to Daily Sabah.
Israel and Turkey can exchange ambassadors again if Israel changes course in areas Turkey views as red flags, the Turkish president said, referring specifically to Jerusalem and al-Aqsa Mosque, the report said.
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Speaking to reporters while on a visit to Qatar, Erdogan mentioned the United Arab Emirates’ steps to repair ties with Turkey.
“A similar process could happen with Israel, too; why not?” he said, adding that he favors regional peace.
Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan speaks during a news conference following a cabinet meeting in Ankara, Turkey, December 14, 2020 (credit: PRESIDENTIAL PRESS OFFICE/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)
Erdogan made a similar remark in a press conference last week, saying in response to a question about Israel and Egypt: “Whatever kind of step was taken with the UAE, we will also take similar ones with the others.”
Erdogan also held a rare phone call with Prime Minister Naftali Bennett last month, and had his second call with President Isaac Herzog in several months after Turkey’s release of Natali and Mordy Oaknin, an Israeli couple detained for photographing Erdogan’s Istanbul residence.
“Differences of opinion can be minimized if acted with mutual understanding in both bilateral and regional issues,” the Turkish readout of the Erdogan-Herzog call stated.
Erdogan has made overtures toward Israel in the past year, which could be seen as a way for Turkey to get in on the natural gas developments in the region and improve its economy. In addition, improved ties with Israel could help repair bad relations between the Turkish president and US President Joe Biden, who has called Erdogan an autocrat.
Israel-Turkey ties hit a low point in 2010 when the Erdogan-linked IHH (Humanitarian Relief Foundation) sent the Mavi Marmara ship to bust the IDF’s naval blockade of Gaza, arming some of the people aboard. IDF naval commandos stopped the ship, were attacked by IHH members aboard and killed nine of them.
Over the ensuing decade, Israel and Turkey maintained diplomatic relations, even reinstalling ambassadors in 2016, until Ankara expelled Israel’s ambassador in 2018 over Israel’s response to rioting on the Gaza border.
In recent years, Turkey harbored Hamas terrorists and backed destabilizing activities in east Jerusalem, and Erdogan accused Israel of intentionally killing Palestinian children.
Meanwhile, Israel has developed close ties with Turkey’s historic adversaries Greece and Cyprus, especially in the areas of natural gas and defense.
The three countries held their eighth summit on Tuesday, which was the first with Prime Minister Naftali Bennett.
The Greek and Cypriot leaders came out against Turkey’s “unacceptable provocations” in Cypriot land and maritime borders in a trilateral press statement during the summit.
美國宣布“有史以來最大規模”沒收伊朗導彈和美國海軍突襲中繳獲的石油
美國司法部宣布美國政府沒收了伊朗燃料和武器，這是有史以​​來最大的一次沒收。
作者：邁克爾·斯塔爾
發佈時間： 2021 年 12 月 8 日 07:28
更新時間： 2021 年 12 月 8 日 13:22
美國海軍於 2020 年 2 月 9 日繳獲的 358 型地對空導彈。
（圖片來源：美國司法部）
廣告
美國司法部在周三晚間的一份聲明中證實，美國司法部於 2019 年底和 2020 年初成功沒收了美國海軍在阿拉伯海從幾艘伊朗船隻上繳獲的約 110 萬桶石油和數百枚導彈。
這是美國政府沒收的伊朗燃料和武器有史以來最大的一次美國沒收。沒收財產——懲罰不法行為的所有者——允許美國政府佔有並出售它。
據稱策劃了這些貨物的伊斯蘭革命衛隊被美國司法部指定為外國恐怖組織，允許扣押和沒收。
“美國在這兩起案件中的行動對伊朗政府和支持伊朗伊斯蘭革命衛隊的犯罪網絡造成了沉重打擊，”司法部國家安全司助理總檢察長馬修·奧爾森說。“司法部將繼續使用所有可用的工具來打擊恐怖組織和所有試圖傷害美國及其盟友的人構成的威脅。”
8 枚地對空導彈、171 枚反坦克導彈和熱光學器件以及海軍地對地巡航導彈、反艦巡航導彈、無人機和其他導彈的部件的兩個武器庫被指控被司法部認定屬於伊斯蘭革命衛隊，並被送往也門的胡塞武裝分子。兩艘無旗船隻單桅帆船分別於 2019 年 11 月 25 日和 2020 年 2 月 9 日遭到襲擊。
司法部的公告包含關於繳獲的不同類型導彈數量的矛盾，在新聞稿的開場白中列出了 171 枚地對空導彈和 8 枚反坦克導彈。
“非法轉讓伊朗製造的武器對我們的國家安全構成了重大而直接的威脅，”國防部國防刑事調查局局長凱利·P·梅奧 (Kelly P. Mayo) 表示。“今天宣布的判決是我們努力識別、破壞和繩之以法的重要一步，這些人危及對我們的安全至關重要的資源。”
2020 年 2 月 9 日，美國海軍繳獲的伊朗 Dehlavieh 反坦克導彈。（來源：美國司法部）
2020 年 7 月左右，還在阿拉伯海附近緝獲了來自四艘懸掛外國國旗的船隻的約 110 萬桶石油產品。據稱，這些貨物乘坐懸掛利比里亞國旗的Bella、Bering、Pandi和Luna號船運往委內瑞拉。
美國政府以超過 2,600 萬美元的價格出售了被沒收的石油產品，其中一部分出售給了美國國家資助恐怖主義受害者基金會，該基金會對成為國際恐怖主義受害者的美國公民進行賠償。
“這兩個案例表明，我們不僅可以破壞伊斯蘭革命衛隊通過石油銷售為其運營提供資金的能力，而且還可以阻止其利用此類銷售的收益來武裝其恐怖主義代理人和將恐怖主義出口到國外的能力， ”哥倫比亞特區的美國檢察官馬修·格雷夫斯說。
他說：“鑑於我們的專業知識和特殊的法定權力，哥倫比亞特區美國檢察官辦公室處於獨特的地位，可以在此類恐怖主義案件中支持其執法合作夥伴。我們堅定地致力於這一使命。”
地對空導彈是伊朗製造的 358 型，據 Jane's 稱，在這些緝獲之前，這種導彈是未知的。根據 8 月提交的法庭文件，所有 171 枚反坦克導彈都是伊朗製造的 Dehlavieh。據伊斯蘭共和國通訊社報導，它們是本土生產的，並於 2015 年首次在伊朗軍隊中服役。 10 Rayan Roshd Afzar RU60G 熱武器光學器件也是伊朗生產的。
美國已對伊朗和委內瑞拉的石油出口實施制裁。德黑蘭曾多次嘗試向該國在南美洲北部地區輸送石油。美國對伊朗的製裁是拜登政府試圖重新實施的伊朗核協議談判的關鍵要素。
US announces 'largest-ever' forfeiture of Iranian missiles, oil seized in US Navy raids
The US Department of Justice announced the largest-ever forfeitures of Iranian fuel and weapons to have been seized by the US government.
By MICHAEL STARR
Published: DECEMBER 8, 2021 07:28
Updated: DECEMBER 8, 2021 13:22
A type 358 surface-to-air missile seized by the US Navy in February 9, 2020.
(photo credit: US Department of Justice)
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The US Department of Justice successfully forfeited approximately 1.1 million barrels of oil and hundreds of missiles seized by the US Navy from several Iranian vessels in the Arabian Sea late in 2019 and early 2020, the US Department of Justice confirmed in an announcement on Wednesday night.
These represent the largest-ever American forfeitures of Iranian fuel and weapons to have been seized by the US government. Forfeiture of property – penalizing the owner for wrongdoing – allows the US government to take possession of and sell it.
The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, which is alleged to have orchestrated the shipments, is designated as a foreign terrorist organization by the DOJ, which allowed for the seizures and forfeitures.
“The actions of the United States in these two cases strike a resounding blow to the Government of Iran and to the criminal networks supporting Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps,” said Assistant Attorney-General Matthew G. Olsen of the Justice Department’s National Security Division. “The Department of Justice will continue to use all available tools to combat the threats posed by terrorist organizations and all those who seek to harm the United States and its allies.”
The two weapons caches of eight surface-to-air missiles, 171 anti-tank missiles and thermal optics – as well as components for naval surface-to-surface cruise missiles, anti-ship cruise missiles, drones, and other missiles – were alleged by the DOJ to have belonged to the IRGC and were destined for Houthi militants in Yemen. The two flagless vessels, dhow sailboats, were raided on November 25, 2019, and February 9, 2020.
The DOJ announcement contains contradictions about the number of different types of missiles seized, in the opening sentence of the press release listing 171 surface-to-air missiles and eight anti-tank missiles.
“The illegal transfer of Iranian-made weapons poses a significant and immediate threat to our national security,” according to Kelly P. Mayo, director of the Defense Department's Defense Criminal Investigative Service. “The judgment announced today is an important step in our efforts to identify, disrupt and bring to justice those who imperil resources vital to our safety.”
Iranian Dehlavieh anti-tank Missiles seized by the US Navy on February 9, 2020. (credit: US Department of Justice)
Around July 2020, petroleum seizures of approximately 1.1 million barrels of petroleum products from four foreign-flagged vessels were also conducted in the vicinity of the Arabian Sea. The shipments were allegedly destined for Venezuela aboard the Liberia-flagged Bella, Bering, Pandi and Luna.
The US government sold the confiscated petroleum products for over $26 million, with part of the sales being directed to the US Victims of State Sponsored Terrorism Fund, which compensates American citizens who have been victims of international terrorism.
“These two cases demonstrate that not only can we disrupt the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps’ ability to finance its operations through petroleum sales, but we can also thwart its ability to use the proceeds of such sales to arm its terrorist proxies and export terrorism abroad,” said US Attorney Matthew M. Graves for the District of Columbia.
“Given our expertise and special statutory authority, the US Attorney’s Office for the District of Columbia is uniquely positioned to support its law enforcement partners in such terrorism cases," he said. "We are deeply committed to this mission.”
The surface-to-air missiles were Iranian-made Type 358, which according to Jane's were previously unknown until these seizures. According to court documents filed in August, all 171 anti-tank missiles were the Iranian-made Dehlaviehs. According to the Islamic Republic News Agency, they were indigenously produced and first introduced into service in the Iranian Army in 2015. The Ten Rayan Roshd Afzar RU60G thermal weapons optics are also Iranian-produced.
The US has imposed sanctions on oil exports of both Iran and Venezuela. Tehran has made several attempts to transfer oil to the country in South America's northern region. US sanctions on Iran are a key element of the negotiations for the Iranian nuclear deal that the Biden administration is attempting to reimplement.
巴林與以色列開始首次人道主義合作
巴林特使在霍隆救助兒童之心的家中會見了西爾萬·亞當斯。
通過耶路撒冷郵報STAFF
發佈時間： 2021 年 12 月 8 日 22:06
右起：Save a Child's Heart 執行董事 Simon Fisher；慈善家西爾萬·亞當斯；巴林駐以色列大使 Khaled Yousif al-Jalahma 和他的妻子 Nouf；和 Save a Child's Heart，澳大利亞首席執行官 Doron Lazarus。
（圖片來源：拯救孩子的心）
廣告
巴林駐以色列大使哈立德·優素福·賈拉赫馬 (Khaled Yusuf Al Jalahma)和他的妻子努夫 (Nouf) 週日在霍隆 (Holon) 的“救助兒童之心”兒童之家會見了商人和慈善家西爾萬·亞當斯 (Sylvan Adams)。
兩人會見了許多來自非洲、緬甸和伊拉克的兒童，他們在過去幾個月抵達以色列，在新的Sylvan Adams兒童醫院接受挽救生命的心臟手術，該醫院以其捐助者的名字命名，位於 Wolfson Medical中心。
雙方首次討論了實現以色列和巴林之間人道主義合作的各種方式，包括將需要挽救生命的心臟護理的兒童帶入並派遣聯合醫療代表團進行培訓和指導。
Bahrain, Israel begin first humanitarian cooperation
Bahraini envoy meets Sylvan Adams at Save a Child’s Heart home in Holon.
By JERUSALEM POST STAFF
Published: DECEMBER 8, 2021 22:06
FROM RIGHT: Save a Child’s Heart executive director Simon Fisher; philanthropist Sylvan Adams; Bahrain’s Ambassador to Israel, Khaled Yousif al-Jalahma, and his wife, Nouf; and Save a Child’s Heart, Australia CEO Doron Lazarus.
(photo credit: SAVE A CHILD'S HEART)
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Ambassador of Bahrain to Israel Khaled Yusuf Al Jalahma and his wife, Nouf, met businessman and philanthropist Sylvan Adams on Sunday in the Children’s Home of Save a Child’s Heart in Holon.
The two met many of the children from Africa, Myanmar, and Iraq who have arrived in Israel over the last few months to undergo life-saving heart procedures at the new Sylvan Adams Children’s Hospital, named after its benefactor, and located at the Wolfson Medical Center.
The parties discussed various ways to enable humanitarian cooperation for the first time between Israel and Bahrain, including bringing children in need of life-saving heart care and sending joint medical delegations for training and instruction.
全球公眾目前對民主不滿意——皮尤研究
皮尤研究中心的調查為傳統民主政府制度的現在和未來描繪了一幅黑暗的圖景。
本·錫安·加德 (Ben Zion GAD)
發佈時間： 2021 年 12 月 8 日 02:11
更新時間： 2021 年 12 月 8 日 13:58
一名抗議者在法國民族主義政黨“愛國者”（愛國者）呼籲反對法國限制抗擊冠狀病毒病 (COVID-19) 爆發的示威活動中舉著標語牌，上面寫著“馬克龍恐怖分子”，在“Droits de l”特洛卡 (Troca) 的“Homme”（人權）濱海藝術中心
（圖片來源：路透社）
廣告
全球公眾中的許多人認為民主沒有按照應有的方式運作——而且這種情緒正在增長。
根據皮尤研究中心的一篇互動文章，大多數民主國家認為他們國家的政治制度已經衰落，政府不再為人民的利益而工作，他們自己的政治制度需要改革——其中包括對其民主制度的抱怨和不滿。
在皮尤研究中心審查的眾多調查中發現的數據中，有一項數據顯示，自 2002 年以來，認為州政府是為了更廣泛人口的利益而統治的人的百分比急劇下降。例如，2019 年接受調查的意大利人中只有 30% 的人認為國家是為了“所有人的利益”而運作的——與 2002 年 88% 的意大利人有這種感覺相比，這一比例驚人地下降。 2019 年，幾乎一半 (46%) 的美國人有同樣的感覺，而 2002 年這一比例為 65%，而同意德國這種情緒的人的比例幾乎下降了一半，從 86% 降至 48%。
根據 2018 年的一項調查，對民主不滿的主要因素包括經濟鬥爭、執政的自滿和個人權利受到限制的感覺——例如言論自由。
自從十年之交進行調查以來發生了很大變化——2020 年帶來了一個多世紀以來最大規模的流行病，並改變了全球的社會規則。皮尤 2021 年春季的一項調查反映了這一點，該調查顯示，在美國、意大利、西班牙、法國、韓國、比利時和日本等著名民主國家，超過四分之三的受訪者認為其國家的政治制度需要進行重大或完全改革。約 85% 的美國人認為需要做出改變，而在意大利接受調查的人中有 89% 表示該國的政治制度需要重大變革或徹底改革——相比之下，加拿大為 47%，新西蘭僅為 24%。
1 月 6 日起義期間，美國總統唐納德·特朗普的支持者在前往美國國會大廈二樓後揮舞著特朗普和邦聯旗幟。（圖片來源：MIKE THEILER/REUTERS）
美利堅合眾國長期以來被世界尊為自由和民主的燈塔，但也失去了“山上閃耀的城市”的光彩，這是許多美國政客用來形容世界上最著名的捍衛者的經典短語的自由。
在 2021 年“全球態度”調查中接受調查的 17 個國家中，只有一個國家超過 30% 的受訪者表示美國是“其他民主國家可以效仿的好榜樣”，中位數為 17%——美國人自己也接近只有 19% 的人同意該聲明。平均而言，57% 的受訪者表示美國“曾經是一個好榜樣，但最近幾年不再是”，而 23% 的人表示美國從來都不是其他民主國家的好榜樣。
雖然傳統民主國家的居民可能對他們的政治制度不滿甚至厭倦，但他們無意改變他們的統治制度。“民主是最糟糕的政府形式——除了已經嘗試過的所有其他形式”，正如英國的溫斯頓·丘吉爾曾經說過的那句名言。在 2017 年皮尤的民意調查中，四分之三 (78%) 的受訪者表示代議制民主是一種有效的治理方法，而只有四分之一 (26%) 的受訪者認為“強有力的領導者”的統治是一種良好的政治制度， 24% 的人表示軍事統治是一個很好的製度。
然而，有趣的是，當被問及“專家統治”政治體系（稱為技術官僚主義）時，受訪者意見不一。幾乎一半 (49%) 的受訪者認為這個系統會很好，而 46% 的人認為它會很糟糕。前蘇聯被稱為技術官僚主義，儘管蘇聯國家的自由受到嚴格限制，而當今最類似於“專家統治”制度的國家是中國——它本身缺乏自由和人性。維權記錄受到嚴密審查和廣泛批評。
直接民主的想法——公民直接投票決定什麼成為法律——在全球範圍內也越來越受歡迎，在 2017 年的調查中，三分之二 (66%) 的受訪者表示這是一種有效的政府方式，相比之下，只有 30% 的人認為它低劣。
Global public currently dissatisfied with democracy - Pew research
Pew Research Center surveys paint a dark picture for the present – and future – of conventional democratic systems of government.
By BEN ZION GAD
Published: DECEMBER 8, 2021 02:11
Updated: DECEMBER 8, 2021 13:58
A protester holds a placard that reads "Macron terrorist" during a demonstration called by the French nationalist party "Les Patriotes" (The Patriots) against France's restrictions to fight the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, on the "Droits de l'Homme" (human rights) esplanade at the Troca
(photo credit: REUTERS)
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Many in the global public feel democracy is not working the way that it should – and this sentiment is growing.
According to an interactive essay by the Pew Research Center, a large majority in democratic countries believe that their nation’s political system has declined, governments no longer work for the benefit of the population, and that their own political systems need to be reformed – among other complaints and grievances about their democratic systems.
Among the data discovered in numerous surveys reviewed by Pew, one showed that the percentage of people who said their state government is ruled for the benefit of the broader population has starkly decreased since 2002. For instance, just 30% of Italians surveyed in 2019 felt the state is run for the “benefit of all” – a staggering drop from the 88% of Italians who felt this way in 2002. Almost half (46%) of Americans felt the same way in 2019, compared to 65% in 2002, while the rate of those who agreed with the sentiment in Germany declined by almost half, from 86% to 48%.
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Major factors in dissatisfaction with democracies include economic struggle, complacency in governing and a feeling of individual rights being curtailed – such as freedom of speech – per a 2018
survey
.
Much has changed since the surveys were conducted at the turn of the decade – 2020 brought along the largest pandemic in over a century and changed the rules of society around the globe. This was reflected in a spring 2021 Pew survey, which showed that in prominent democracies – such as the US, Italy, Spain, France, South Korea, Belgium and Japan – over three-fourths of the surveyed population believe their country’s political system needs to be significantly or completely reformed. Some 85% of Americans think changes need to be made, while 89% of those surveyed in Italy said the country’s political system needs major changes or complete reform – compared to 47% in Canada and just 24% in New Zealand.
A supporter of US President Donald Trump waves Trump and Confederate flags after making his way to the second floor of the US Capitol during the insurrection on January 6. (credit: MIKE THEILER/REUTERS)
The United States of America, long revered around the world as a beacon of freedom and democracy, has also lost some of its luster as the “shining city on a hill,” a classical phrase many American politicians use to describe the world’s most famous defender of freedom.
Of the 17 countries surveyed in a 2021 “Global Attitudes” survey, just one had over 30% of respondents say the US is a “good example for other democracies to follow,” with the median figure being 17% – Americans themselves being close to that, with just 19% agreeing with the statement. On average, 57% of respondents said America “used to be a good example but has not been in recent years,” while 23% said that America has never been a good example for other democratic nations.
While perhaps displeased and even jaded with their political systems, residents of conventional democracies have no intention of changing their system of rule. “Democracy is the worst form of government – except for all the others that have been tried,” as the UK’s Winston Churchill once famously said. In a 2017 Pew poll, three-fourths (78%) of respondents said that representative democracy was an effective method of governance, compared to just a quarter (26%) who believe rule by a “strong leader” was a good political system and 24% saying that military rule was a good system.
Fugitive Businessman Jho Low to Forfeit Over $100 Million in Luxury HomesSponsored by Mansion Global
Interestingly, however, respondents were split when asked about a “rule by experts” political system, known as a technocracy. Almost half (49%) of respondents felt this system would be good, compared to 46% who said it would be bad. The former Soviet Union was known as something of a technocracy, though freedoms were severely limited in the soviet state, while the nation that most closely resembles a “rule by experts” system today is China – which has had its own lack of freedoms and human rights record closely scrutinized and widely criticized.
The idea of direct democracy – where citizens vote directly on what does or does not become law – is also increasingly popular around the globe, with two-thirds (66%) of respondents in the 2017 survey saying it was an effective method of government, compared with just 30% who called it inferior.
緬甸士兵在發現燒焦的遺體後被指控殺害11人
聲稱顯示被燒毀屍體的視頻片段在社交媒體上流傳，一些媒體發布了圖像，包括緬甸現在的新聞門戶網站。
通過路透
發佈時間： 2021 年 12 月 8 日 21:32
2 月 1 日在政變中推翻民選政府的緬甸軍政府首席大將敏昂萊 (Min Aung Hlaing) 於 2021 年 3 月 27 日在緬甸內比都舉行了武裝部隊日閱兵式。
（照片來源：路透社/STRINGER/文件照片）
廣告
據當地居民和媒體報導，緬甸士兵被指控在這個飽受衝突蹂躪的國家中心地區的一個村莊圍捕 11 人，然後向他們開槍並縱火焚燒他們的屍體。
居民說，在實皆的一個村莊發現了燒焦的遺骸，自 2 月 1 日發生政變以來，該地區的安全部隊和反對軍事統治的民兵之間發生了激烈的戰鬥。燒了。
聲稱顯示被燒毀屍體的視頻片段在社交媒體上流傳，一些媒體發布了圖像，包括緬甸現在的新聞門戶網站。
繼續觀看載有印度國防部長的直升機墜毀——7人死亡廣告後
路透社無法獨立核實鏡頭的真實性或關於 11 人死亡的說法。軍政府發言人沒有接聽尋求置評的電話。
該地區一名不願透露姓名的志願援助人員通過電話說，週二早些時候，部隊已進入唐陶村，遇難者在當天上午 11 點左右被殺。
2019 年 3 月 27 日，在緬甸首都內比都，士兵們參加了慶祝第 74 屆武裝部隊日的閱兵式。（圖片來源：REUTERS/ANN WANG/文件照片）
“軍隊只是殘忍地殺害他們能找到的任何人，”這名志願者援引目擊者的說法說。志願者幫助了逃離Don Taw和其他附近村莊的人們。
這名志願者說，目前還不清楚受害者是民兵還是普通平民。
自從軍方推翻昂山素季的民選政府以來，緬甸一直處於混亂之中，抗議活動廣泛，並組建了名為人民國防軍 (PDF) 的民兵組織，以對抗裝備精良的軍隊。
該地區的 PDF 成員 Kyaw Wunna 通過電話說，他被告知部隊已經抵達並開火，被拘留的人在被殺之前被帶到了村莊附近的一塊田地。
Kyaw Wunna 拒絕透露信息的來源。
另一名志願援助工作者說，他們與從該地區五個村莊逃離並躲藏起來的 3,000 人中的一些人進行了交談，他們擔心會有更多人被捕和被殺。
其中一名受害者的親屬告訴路透社，死者 Htet Ko 是一名 22 歲的大學生，不是任何民兵的成員，也沒有武裝。
“這是不人道的。我的內心深處感到深深的痛苦，”這位親戚說，他說這名男子試圖逃跑，但被槍傷。
政變後成立的緬甸影子文職政府發言人薩薩博士聲稱，受害者“被捆綁在一起，遭受酷刑，最終被活活燒死”。
在社交媒體上的一篇帖子中，他列出了他所說的 11 個人的名字，都是男性，包括一個 14 歲的男孩。
“這些可怕的襲擊表明軍方不尊重人的生命的神聖性，”他說。
聯合國發言人斯蒂芬·杜加里克 (Stephane Dujarric) 表示，聯合國對“可怕的殺戮”的報導深表關切。
“我們強烈譴責這種暴力行為，並提醒緬甸軍事當局他們根據國際法有義務確保平民的安全和保護。必須追究對這一令人髮指的行為負責的人，”杜加里克說。
聯合國援引的監測組織政治犯援助協會 (AAPP) 表示，自軍隊奪取政權以來，已有 10,700 多名平民被安全部隊拘留，1,300 多人被殺。
軍方表示，AAPP 有偏見，使用誇大數據，數百名士兵也被殺。
Myanmar soldiers accused of killing 11 after charred remains found
Video footage purporting to show the burned bodies was circulated on social media and images were published by some media, including the Myanmar Now news portal.
By REUTERS
Published: DECEMBER 8, 2021 21:32
Myanmar's junta chief Senior General Min Aung Hlaing, who ousted the elected government in a coup on February 1, presides an army parade on Armed Forces Day in Naypyitaw, Myanmar, March 27, 2021.
(photo credit: REUTERS/STRINGER/FILE PHOTO)
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Myanmar soldiers have been accused of rounding up 11 people in a village in a central area of the strife-torn country before shooting them and setting fire to their bodies, according to residents in the area and media reports.
The charred remains were found in a village in Sagaing, an area that has seen fierce fighting between security forces and militia set up by opponents of military rule since a Feb. 1 coup, said residents, who said some of the victims were still alive when burned.
Video footage purporting to show the burned bodies was circulated on social media and images were published by some media, including the Myanmar Now news portal.
Reuters could not independently verify the authenticity of the footage or claims over how the 11 died. A spokesman for the junta did not answer calls seeking comment.
A volunteer aid worker in the area, who asked not to be identified, said by telephone troops had entered Don Taw village early on Tuesday and the victims were killed at around 11 a.m. that day.
Soldiers take part in a military parade to mark the 74th Armed Forces Day in the capital Naypyitaw, Myanmar, March 27, 2019. (credit: REUTERS/ANN WANG/FILE PHOTO)
"The troops were just brutally killing anyone they could find," the volunteer said, citing witness accounts. The volunteer has assisted people who have fled Don Taw and other nearby villages.
The volunteer said it was unclear if the victims were militia members or ordinary civilians.
Myanmar has been in chaos since the military overthrew Aung San Suu Kyi's democratically elected government, with widespread protests and the formation of militia, known as People's Defence Forces (PDF), to take on the well-equipped army.
Kyaw Wunna, a member of a PDF in the region, said by telephone he was informed that troops had arrived firing weapons and those detained were taken to a field near the village before being killed.
Kyaw Wunna declined to disclose the source of the information.
Another volunteer aid worker said they had spoken to witnesses among some of the 3,000 people who had fled from five villages in the area and had gone into hiding, fearful of more arrests and killings.
A relative of one of the victims told Reuters the dead man, Htet Ko, was a 22-year-old university student and not a member of any militia and not armed.
"This is inhumane. I feel deep pain in my heart," said the relative, who said the man had tried to flee, but had been wounded by gunfire.
Dr Sasa, a spokesperson for Myanmar's shadow civilian government set up following the coup, alleged the victims had been "lashed together, tortured, and ultimately burned alive".
In a post on social media, he listed what he said were the names of the 11, all male and including a boy of 14.
"These horrific attacks show that the military have no regard for the sanctity of human life," he said.
UN spokesman Stephane Dujarric said the United Nations was deeply concerned by the reports of the "horrific killing."
"We strongly condemn such violence and remind Myanmar’s military authorities of their obligations under international law to ensure the safety and protection of civilians. Those individuals responsible for this heinous act must be held to account," Dujarric said.
The Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (AAPP), a monitoring group cited by the United Nations, says more than 10,700 civilians have been detained and 1,300 killed by security forces since the military seized power.
The military says the AAPP is biased and uses exaggerated data and that hundreds of soldiers have also been killed.
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