2021.11.30 國際新聞導讀-猶太光明節到來講中國開封猶太人歷史、維也納美伊核武談判開始但伊朗毫無誠意讓西方大失所望、以色列宣稱不排除武力解決伊朗核武問題、土耳其總統企圖改善與中東國家關係並調解俄羅斯與烏克蘭之間的糾紛敵對

蘇老師講解國際新聞、中東與中亞歷史、中國事務、太空知識的頻道。 Diplomat's daily news review and history research on Middle East and Central Asia, China Affairs and Space Exploration

2021.11.30 國際新聞導讀-猶太光明節到來講中國開封猶太人歷史、維也納美伊核武談判開始但伊朗毫無誠意讓西方大失所望、以色列宣稱不排除武力解決伊朗核武問題、土耳其總統企圖改善與中東國家關係並調解俄羅斯與烏克蘭之間的糾紛敵對
致力於將海外失落的猶太人帶回以色列的非營利組織 #Shavei_Israel 為中國猶太人製作了數百個帶有中文的光明節陀螺。
根據Shavei Israel創始人兼主席邁克爾·弗洛因德 (Michael Freund)稱，第一批猶太人定居在中國古代帝國首都之一的開封城市，猶太商人在公元7世紀或8世紀沿著絲綢之路旅行，經伊拉克或波斯然後抵達中國開封。
該猶太社群不斷發展茁壯，並於1,163年建造了一座大型猶太會堂，數百年來不斷翻新。弗洛因德主席表示，在明朝鼎盛時期，開封有多達5,000名猶太人。
弗洛因德主席闡釋道，最終還是廣泛的異族通婚和同化，該社群最後一名拉比在19世紀初的去世，預示著該社群作為一個集體實體的滅亡。
這座矗立了 700 年的猶太會堂，在 19 世紀中葉被接二連三來的洪水襲擊摧毀。據他稱，目前開封市估計有1,000人可以藉由家譜和家譜記錄被識別為該市猶太社群的後裔。
弗洛因德主席表示，開封的中國猶太人是中國和猶太人之間的活紐帶，儘管中國政府近年來對他們施加了嚴格的限制，但中國裔猶太人的後代，仍急於更多地瞭解他們祖先的遺產文物，
我們希望我們為他們準備的這些中文光明節陀螺，在光明節期間給他們帶來一份幸福和光明。
Shavei Israel 官方網站
https://www.shavei.org
新聞出處：Arutz Sheva 7
新聞日期：2021/11/29
Courtesy of Shavei Israel
Laura Ben-David/Courtesy of Shavei Israel
Asia News
隨著西方詢問伊朗是認真還是拖延，核談判恢復
西方外交官說，德黑蘭的新談判團隊提出了歐洲外交官認為不切實際的要求。
通過路透
發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 29 日 07:16
人們在德黑蘭傳遞伊朗已故領導人阿亞圖拉·魯霍拉·霍梅尼的壁畫
（照片來源：NAZANIN TABATABAEE/WANA VIA REUTERS）
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世界大國和伊朗將於週一聚集在維也納，試圖挽救他們 2015 年的核協議，但隨著德黑蘭堅持其強硬立場，西方大國越來越沮喪，突破的希望似乎渺茫。
外交官們表示，恢復該協議的時間已經不多了，當時的總統唐納德特朗普於 2018 年放棄了該協議，這激怒了伊朗，並使其他相關大國——英國、中國、法國、德國和俄羅斯感到沮喪。
4 月至 6 月期間進行了六輪間接會談。新一輪的選舉是在伊朗新總統易卜拉欣·賴西（Ebrahim Raisi）當選後引發的中斷之後開始的，他是一位強硬派神職人員。
西方外交官說，德黑蘭的新談判團隊提出了歐洲外交官認為不切實際的要求。
其中包括堅持取消自 2017 年以來實施的所有製裁和歐盟制裁，包括與伊朗核計劃無關的製裁。
伊朗準將。阿博法茲爾·謝卡奇。（信用：維基共享資源）
與此同時，德黑蘭與負責監督核計劃的聯合國原子能監督機構的衝突也愈演愈烈。
伊朗一直在推進其鈾濃縮計劃，國際原子能機構表示，其檢查員受到了粗暴對待，並拒絕在它認為對恢復交易至關重要的地點重新安裝監控攝像頭。
“如果伊朗認為它可以利用這段時間建立更多的影響力，然後又回來說他們想要更好的東西，那根本行不通。我們和我們的合作夥伴不會這樣做，”特使羅伯特·馬利告訴 BBC Sounds週六。
他警告說，如果談判破裂，華盛頓將準備加大對德黑蘭的壓力。
伊朗官員在周一之前堅稱，他們的重點純粹是解除制裁，而不是核問題。強調的是，其 40 人的代表團主要包括經濟官員。
“為了確保任何即將達成的協議是鐵定的，西方需要為未能遵守其部分交易付出代價。就像在任何行業一樣，交易就是交易，破壞它會產生後果，”伊朗最高核談判代表， Ali Bagheri Kani 週日在《金融時報》的一個挑釁專欄中說。
“‘相互遵守’的原則不能成為談判的適當基礎，因為是政府單方面退出了交易。”
外交官們表示，華盛頓建議與德黑蘭談判一項不限成員名額的臨時協議，只要沒有達成永久性協議。
未能達成協議也可能引發以色列的反應，以色列表示將考慮軍事選擇。
“談判不可能永遠持續下去。顯然需要加快進程，”莫斯科特使米哈伊爾·烏里揚諾夫在推特上說。
Nuclear talks resume as West asks whether Iran is serious or stalling
Tehran's new negotiating team has set out demands that and European diplomats consider unrealistic, Western diplomats say.
By REUTERS
Published: NOVEMBER 29, 2021 07:16
PEOPLE PASS a mural of Iran's late leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini in Tehran
(photo credit: NAZANIN TABATABAEE/WANA VIA REUTERS)
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World powers and Iran will gather in Vienna on Monday to try to salvage their 2015 nuclear deal, but with Tehran sticking to its tough stance and Western powers increasingly frustrated, hopes of a breakthrough appear slim.
Diplomats say time is running low to resurrect the pact, which then-President Donald Trump abandoned in 2018, angering Iran and dismaying the other powers involved - Britain, China, France, Germany and Russia.
Six rounds of indirect talks were held between April and June. The new round begins after a hiatus triggered by the election of a new Iranian president, Ebrahim Raisi, a hardline cleric.
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Tehran's new negotiating team has set out demands that and European diplomats consider unrealistic, Western diplomats say.
They include insisting that all and European Union sanctions imposed since 2017, including those unrelated to Iran's nuclear program, be dropped.
Iranian Brig.-Gen. Abolfazl Shekarchi. (credit: Wikimedia Commons)
In parallel, Tehran's conflicts with the UN atomic watchdog, which monitors the nuclear program, have festered.
Iran has pressed ahead with its uranium enrichment program and the IAEA says its inspectors have been treated roughly and refused access to reinstall monitoring cameras at a site it deems essential to reviving the deal.
"If Iran thinks it can use this time to build more leverage and then come back and say they want something better, it simply won't work. We and our partners won't go for it," envoy Robert Malley told BBC Sounds on Saturday.
He warned that Washington would be ready to ramp up pressure on Tehran if talks collapse.
Iranian officials have insisted in the run-up to Monday that their focus is purely the lifting of sanctions rather than nuclear issues. Highlighting that, its 40-strong delegation mostly includes economic officials.
"To ensure any forthcoming agreement is ironclad, the West needs to pay a price for having failed to uphold its part of the bargain. As in any business, a deal is a deal, and breaking it has consequences," Iran's top nuclear negotiator, Ali Bagheri Kani said in a defiant column in the Financial Times on Sunday.
"The principle of 'mutual compliance' cannot form a proper base for negotiations since it was the government which unilaterally left the deal."
Diplomats have said Washington has suggested negotiating an open-ended interim accord with Tehran as long as a permanent deal is not achieved.
Failure to strike a deal could also prompt a reaction from Israel which has said military options would be on the table.
"The talks can't last forever. There is the obvious need to speed up the process,' Moscow's envoy Mikhail Ulyanov said on Twitter.
沒有“第二個歐洲”來拯救伊朗——分析
塞爾維亞是少數公開尋求與德黑蘭加強聯繫的歐洲國家之一。
作者：MIKE WAGENHEIM / THE MEDIA LINE
發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 29 日 21:55
2021 年 11 月 29 日，歐洲對外行動署 (EEAS) 副秘書長恩里克·莫拉 (Enrique Mora) 和伊朗首席核談判代表阿里·巴蓋里·卡尼 (Ali Bagheri Kani) 在奧地利維也納等待 JCPOA 聯合委員會會議的開始。
（圖片來源：歐盟駐維也納代表團/通過路透社的講義）
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隨著世界大國重返核談判桌，西方誰在拉伊朗？
根據一些專家的說法，很少，如果有的話。甚至那些對伊斯蘭共和國態度溫和的國家在很大程度上採取這種姿態作為對沖，在其他人的要求下，或者作為衝突的替代選擇，而不是對政權的同情。
“歐洲人在很大程度上將核協議視為奧巴馬政府和其他人真誠談判達成的協議。然後，美國退出，歐洲認為是美國越界了。他們看看阿富汗、伊拉克入侵、利比亞和敘利亞，這些衝突對他們都沒有好處。因此，對於歐洲大部分地區來說，這相當簡單：他們在談判中不一定站在伊朗一邊，但他們更喜歡外交而不是戰爭，”Medley Global Advisors 前首席政治策略師 Kambiz Foroohar 告訴媒體專線。
隨著美國和歐洲大國努力讓伊朗回到 2015 年的伊朗核協議，即聯合全面行動計劃，週一在維也納重新開始談判，外交官們表示，恢復該協議的時間已經不多了。當時的美國總統唐納德特朗普於 2018 年放棄，激怒了伊朗，並使其他相關世界大國——英國、中國、法國、德國和俄羅斯感到沮喪。
4 月至 6 月期間舉行了六輪會談，包括伊朗和美國之間的間接會談。新一輪的選舉是在伊朗新總統易卜拉欣·賴西（Ebrahim Raisi）當選後中斷後開始的，他是一位強硬派神職人員。
2021 年 11 月 29 日，在奧地利維也納舉行的聯合全面行動計劃（JCPOA）會議後，伊朗首席核談判代表 Ali Bagheri Kani 離開。（圖片來源：REUTERS/LISI NIESNER）
“特朗普政府無論做出對還是錯的決定，在傳達信息和宣傳撤軍背後的想法方面做得很差。從來沒有一個好的案例可以讓世界其他地方支持它。法國和德國等國家並沒有對伊朗政權的性質視而不見。但他們與伊朗有商業利益，他們不想處理該地區另一場軍事危機導致的移民問題，所以他們不想強硬推進，”伊朗裔美國人福魯哈爾說，他的妻子是目標。今年夏天，美國聯邦調查局發現了一起大膽的伊朗綁架陰謀。
自賴西政府成立以來，幾家有影響力的伊朗媒體都提出了“第二歐洲”的循環理念，作為伊朗歐洲政策的支柱，伊朗可以利用歐盟的分裂狀態和內部分歧在歐洲的伊朗政策上，與法國、德國和英國三駕馬車之外的主要歐洲國家建立經濟和政治關係。目標包括奧地利、比利時、意大利、挪威、西班牙、瑞典和瑞士，在政策制定者看來，這些國家的利益可能與伊朗的利益一致。但是，即使在 COVID-19 大流行期間與人道主義相關的援助呼籲中，伊朗也幾乎沒有得到這些國家的幫助。
“丹麥、瑞典和比利時等國對伊朗採取強硬立場。他們最近都在他們的土地上發生過伊朗恐怖分子的案件。在比利時的案例中，一名伊朗外交官被判犯有恐怖陰謀。波蘭也一直扮演著更具對抗性的角色，”Foroohar 說。
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儘管如此，塞爾維亞等其他國家的政府已經公開且看似自豪地宣布希望加強與德黑蘭的關係。塞爾維亞駐伊朗大使德拉甘·托多羅維奇上個月表示，兩國在生產和建築等多個領域擁有良好的政治關係和經濟合作能力。一個月前，托多羅維奇表示，兩國關係“處於歷史上最好的狀態”。
Todorovic 表示，目前的主要挑戰是由於對伊朗的製裁造成的金融交易。
“我們的目標是在伊朗和塞爾維亞之間成立一個聯合經濟委員會，”塞爾維亞特使還指出，並補充說：“我們每個人都計劃在伊朗和塞爾維亞建立自己的經濟特區。”
2017年，貝爾格萊德和德黑蘭之間曾認真嘗試加強經濟合作。塞爾維亞取消了對伊朗人的簽證，2018 年，兩國在時隔 27 年後恢復了直航。然而，在歐盟的強大壓力下，塞爾維亞重新為伊朗國民提供簽證，伊朗航空公司也停止了德黑蘭和貝爾格萊德之間的航班​​。
“伊斯蘭共和國不承認科索沃單方面宣布獨立——其中穆斯林占人口的 95%——並將該領土視為塞爾維亞的一部分，而貝爾格萊德從不支持全球舞台上的任何反伊朗宣言或決議，”塞爾維亞政治分析家尼古拉·米科維奇告訴媒體專線。
兩國經濟合作水平很低。例如，2019年塞爾維亞與伊朗的貿易差額僅為3889萬美元。相比之下，2020 年，儘管發生了 COVID-19 大流行，但塞爾維亞和以色列之間的貿易餘額為 8146 萬美元。此外，對於前南斯拉夫來說，伊朗可能是亞洲最重要的經濟夥伴，貿易順差達 8 億美元。2017年，前南斯拉夫所有共和國與伊朗的貿易差額甚至沒有達到2億美元。
“塞伊關係的未來無疑將取決於歐盟的立場，儘管塞爾維亞不會很快加入歐盟，如果有的話。儘管如此，鑑於布魯塞爾似乎正在努力改善與德黑蘭的關係，歐盟可能會為貝爾格萊德深化與伊朗的經濟合作開了綠燈，但此時恢復直航或簽證的可能性很小- 引入免費制度。任何形式的軍事合作也不太可能，因為這是西方堅決反對的，”米科維奇解釋說。
當然，塞爾維亞與俄羅斯保持著密切的關係，俄羅斯一直是伊朗的盟友，無論是在 JCPOA 範圍內還是之外。
“俄羅斯人被伊朗人視為可以推動他們利益的盟友，但德黑蘭最終懷疑俄羅斯的動機。不過，他們在歐洲並不是有很多選擇，”福魯哈爾說，他認為此時歐洲對德黑蘭的態度將取決於伊朗在維也納的表現。
西方外交官表示，他們將前往週一的會談，前提是他們會從 6 月份中斷的地方繼續進行。他們警告說，如果伊朗繼續其極端主義立場並且未能恢復與國際原子能機構的合作，那麼它將不得不迅速審查其選擇。
與此同時，伊朗最高談判代表和外交部長周五都重申，全面解除制裁將是維也納會議上唯一擺在桌面上的事情。
“如果伊朗繼續將鈾濃縮到 60%，並採用更先進的離心機，那麼時間就會縮短到數週，這是一個非常危險的情況，”Foroohar 說，他指的是伊朗需要積累足夠裂變材料的“突破時間”。單個核武器的材料，專家認為現在需要四到六週。
“伊朗人對談判的反應可能會讓他們的生活變得更加艱難。如果伊朗對其要求採取好戰態度，它可能最終會給歐洲人——就此而言，還有美國人——他們認為需要採取更強硬路線的掩護，”福魯哈爾說。
如果真是這樣，在俄羅斯的影響範圍之外，伊朗似乎幾乎沒有歐洲盟友可以求助。
There is no ‘second Europe’ coming to Iran’s rescue - analysis
Serbia is one of the few European countries publicly pursuing stronger ties with Tehran.
By MIKE WAGENHEIM / THE MEDIA LINE
Published: NOVEMBER 29, 2021 21:55
Deputy Secretary General of the European External Action Service (EEAS) Enrique Mora and Iran's chief nuclear negotiator Ali Bagheri Kani wait for the start of a meeting of the JCPOA Joint Commission in Vienna, Austria November 29, 2021.
(photo credit: EU DELEGATION IN VIENNA/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)
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As world powers return to the nuclear negotiating table, who in the West is pulling for Iran?
Few, if any, according to a number of experts. And even those states which are soft on the Islamic Republic largely take that posture as a hedge, at the behest of others, or as an alternative preferable to conflict, rather than as sympathies toward the regime.
“The Europeans largely look at the nuclear deal as one negotiated in good faith by the administration of Barack Obama and others. Then, the United States pulls out, and Europe feels it’s the US that transgressed. They look at Afghanistan, the Iraq invasion, Libya and Syria, and none of these conflicts were good for them. So, it’s fairly simple for most of Europe: They’re not necessarily on Iran’s side in the negotiations, but they prefer diplomacy to war,” Kambiz Foroohar, former chief political strategist at Medley Global Advisors, told The Media Line.
As talks pick back up in Vienna on Monday in an effort by the US and European powers to bring Iran back to the 2015 Iran nuclear accord known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, diplomats say time is nearly running out to resurrect the pact, which then-US President Donald Trump abandoned in 2018, angering Iran and dismaying the other world powers involved – Britain, China, France, Germany and Russia.
Six rounds of talks, including indirect talks between Iran and the United States, were held between April and June. The new round begins after a hiatus triggered by the election of a new Iranian president, Ebrahim Raisi, a hard-line cleric.
Iran's chief nuclear negotiator Ali Bagheri Kani leaves after a meeting of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) in Vienna, Austria, November 29, 2021. (credit: REUTERS/LISI NIESNER)
“The Trump administration, whether it made the right or wrong decision, did a bad job of messaging and promoting the ideas behind its withdrawal. There was never a good case made to get the rest of the world behind it. Countries like France and Germany aren’t blind to the nature of the Iranian regime. But they have commercial interests with Iran, and they don’t want to deal with immigration resulting from another military crisis in the region, so they don’t want to push hard,” said Foroohar, an Iranian-American whose wife was the target of an audacious Iranian kidnapping plot this summer, uncovered by the US Federal Bureau of Investigation.
Since the outset of the Raisi government, several influential Iranian media outlets have put forward the recycled idea of a ‘Second Europe’ as a pillar of Iran’s European policy, in which Iran could capitalize on the fragmented state of the European Union and the internal divisions over Europe’s Iran policy to build economic and political ties with key European states outside of the troika of France, Germany and the United Kingdom. Targets include Austria, Belgium, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland, whose interests, in the view of the policy’s architects, could be aligned with Iran’s. But Iran has received little help from those countries, even in humanitarian-related calls for assistance during the COVID-19 pandemic.
“The likes of Denmark, Sweden and Belgium are taking a tough line on Iran. They all have had recent cases of Iranian terrorists on their soil. In Belgium’s case, it was an Iranian diplomat convicted of a terror plot. Poland has been taking a much more adversarial role, as well,” Foroohar said.
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Still, other governments like Serbia have publicly and seemingly proudly proclaimed a desire to strengthen ties with Tehran. Serbian Ambassador to Iran Dragan Todorovic said last month that the two countries enjoy a good political relationship and capacity for economic cooperation in a number of fields, including produce and construction. A month earlier, Todorovic said that relations between the two countries were "at its best state in history."
Todorovic said the main challenge at the moment is financial transactions due to sanctions against Iran.
"Our goal is to form a joint economic commission between Iran and Serbia," the Serbian envoy also noted, adding: "Each of us are planning to have our own special economic zone in Iran and Serbia."
In 2017, there were serious attempts to increase economic cooperation between Belgrade and Tehran. Serbia abolished visas for Iranians and, in 2018, the two countries resumed direct flights after a gap of 27 years. However, after strong pressure from the EU, Serbia reintroduced visas for Iranian nationals, and Iran Air discontinued flights between Tehran and Belgrade.
“The Islamic Republic does not recognize the unilaterally declared independence of Kosovo – where Muslims make up 95% of the population – and sees the territory as part of Serbia, while Belgrade never supports any anti-Iranian declarations or resolutions in the global arena,” Nikola Mikovic, a Serbia-based political analyst, told The Media Line.
The level of economic cooperation between the two countries is very low. For instance, in 2019 the balance of trade between Serbia and Iran was only $38.89 million. By comparison, in 2020, despite the COVID-19 pandemic, the balance of trade between Serbia and Israel was $81.46 million. Also, for the former Yugoslavia, Iran was probably the most important economic partner in Asia, with a balance of trade of $800 million. In 2017, the balance of trade between all former Yugoslav republics and Iran did not even reach $200 million.
“The future of Serbian-Iranian relations will undoubtedly depend on the EU’s position, although Serbia will not join the bloc any time soon, if at all. Still, given that Brussels seems to be trying to improve ties with Tehran, the EU likely gave Belgrade the green light to deepen economic cooperation with the Islamic Republic, but at this point it is very improbable that direct flights will be resumed, or the visa-free regime introduced. Any form of military cooperation is also very unlikely, since that is something that the West would firmly oppose,” Mikovic explained.
Serbia, of course, maintains close ties with Russia, which has been an ally to Iran, both inside and outside the contours of the JCPOA.
“The Russians are seen by the Iranians as allies who can push for their interests, but Tehran is ultimately suspicious of Russian motives. It’s not like they have many alternatives in Europe, though,” said Foroohar, who believes at this point that European posture toward Tehran will be shaped by how Iran plays its hand in Vienna.
Western diplomats say they will head to Monday's talks on the premise that they resume where they left off in June. They have warned that if Iran continues with its maximalist positions and fails to restore its cooperation with the IAEA, then it will have to quickly review its options.
Iran's top negotiator and foreign minister, meanwhile, both repeated on Friday that a full lifting of sanctions would be the only thing on the table in Vienna.
“If Iran continues to enrich uranium up to 60%, and incorporates more advanced centrifuges, it brings the timeline down to weeks, which is a very dangerous situation,” said Foroohar, referring to the "breakout time" Iran needs to amass enough fissile material for a single nuclear weapon, which experts believes stands now at four to six weeks.
“How the Iranians respond to negotiations can make life tougher for them. If Iran is being belligerent in its demands, it might finally give the Europeans –and for that matter, the Americans – the cover they think they need to tow a harder line,” Foroohar said.
If that becomes the case, Iran will seemingly have few European allies to turn to, outside of Russia’s sphere of influence.
隨著伊朗談判的恢復，貝內特向世界表示：不要屈服於核訛詐
拉皮德警告說，伊朗人“會爭取時間”，以便他們從解除制裁中獲得現金和投資流入，同時他們暗中推進他們的核計劃。
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發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 29 日 14:03
更新時間： 2021 年 11 月 29 日 23:08
納夫塔利·貝內特總理在內閣會議上，2021 年 11 月 21 日。
（圖片來源：MARC ISRAEL SELLEM/耶路撒冷郵報）
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隨著核談判於週一在維也納恢復，納夫塔利·貝內特總理向國際社會發出了一個尖銳的信息，即對伊朗採取強硬態度。
伊朗總理表示，伊朗在會談中的目標是美國解除制裁，而伊朗幾乎不做任何回報。
“伊朗不會只保留其核計劃：從今天開始，他們將為此獲得報酬，”他警告說。
世界大國和伊朗在中斷近六個月後於週一在維也納重新召開會議，就伊朗和美國重返 2015 年聯合全面行動計劃核協議 (JCPOA) 進行談判。
人們在德黑蘭傳遞伊朗已故領導人阿亞圖拉魯霍拉霍梅尼的壁畫（圖片來源：NAZANIN TABATABAEE/WANA VIA REUTERS）
正如伊朗首席談判代表兼外交部副部長阿里·巴格里卡尼所說，會談在大約四個小時後結束，雙方同意在周二開始討論解除制裁“然後是其他問題”，避免明確提及限制伊朗核計劃的談判.
伊朗同意在今年 4 月至 6 月舉行的前六輪會談的基礎上再接再厲，其中包括一個核工作組，儘管伊朗官員在會談前發表聲明稱談判不會涉及他們的核計劃。
歐盟談判代表兼政治主任恩里克·莫拉表示：“有一種讓 JCPOA 恢復原狀的緊迫感。”
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“我們已經評估了 JCPOA 的困難情況，”莫拉說。“最近幾個月，伊朗核計劃取得進展——與此同時，美國也在實施同樣的製裁。”
談判在維也納的科堡宮進行，也是 2015 年簽署全面協議的地方。美國和伊朗的團隊位於不同的房間，因為伊斯蘭共和國的代表拒絕與美國人直接談判。
以色列反對 JCPOA，因為它沒有充分限制伊朗的鈾濃縮——事實上，在協議到期後進一步濃縮合法化，這為最終的核彈鋪平了道路。此外，該協議並未針對伊朗在該地區的其他惡意行為。
人們普遍懷疑德黑蘭願意重返 2015 年的協議。因此，華盛頓正在考慮一項臨時協議，一些外交官稱之為“以少取少”，這可能意味著美國取消一些制裁以換取伊朗凍結——而不是回滾——其核計劃，該計劃的進展遠遠超出了 JCPOA 的範圍。限制。
外交部長亞伊爾·拉皮德和英國首相鮑里斯·約翰遜（圖片來源：STUART MITCHELL）
就以色列官員而言，這是一種更糟糕的情況，因為正如貝內特所說，這意味著“伊朗不會只保留其核計劃……他們將為此獲得報酬。”
以色列外交消息人士推測，伊朗參加會談只是為了避免在國際原子能機構理事會上針對它的決議，這可能導致更多製裁。
貝內特在講話中提到伊朗當局最近幾天在伊斯法罕向抗議者開槍，以及伊朗武裝部隊發言人布里格將軍的言論。本週早些時候，阿博法茲爾·謝卡奇 (Abolfazl Shekarchi) 作為該政權意圖的特徵表示：“我們不會從以色列的毀滅中退縮，哪怕是一毫米。
“這樣一個殘暴的政權不應該得到獎勵，”貝內特說，並呼籲世界確保不要讓“數千億美元 [ ] 直接流入他們腐爛的政權。
“伊朗不應該得到任何獎勵，不應該進行討價還價的交易，也不應該因為他們的暴行而獲得制裁救濟。我呼籲我們在世界各地的盟友：不要屈服於伊朗的核訛詐。”
國防部長本尼·甘茨說，以色列必須“強大而獨立，在我們決定必須這樣做時，提出自己的解決方案來保衛自己。”
甘茨說，以色列一直在與其盟國分享有關伊朗繼續爭奪核武器的情報。
“我對我們的合作夥伴說：時間的流逝必須以經濟制裁和軍事行動為代價，這樣伊朗人才能停止核競賽和地區侵略。”
以色列國防部長表示，以色列不反對談判，也理解解決問題的必要性，但反對讓伊朗愚弄世界。
甘茨將在未來幾天前往華盛頓，與他的同行討論地區安全問題，即伊朗問題。
外交部長亞伊爾·拉皮德和英國首相鮑里斯·約翰遜手持光明節燭台（圖片來源：STUART MITCHELL）
在周一與英國外交部長利茲·特拉斯（Liz Truss）的會晤中，外交部長亞伊爾·拉皮德（Yair Lapid）表示：“伊朗人參加這些會談只是為了一個原因——解除制裁。他們需要資金支持真主黨、革命衛隊、他們的全球恐怖主義網絡以及他們繼續推進核計劃。”
拉皮德警告說，伊朗人“會爭取時間”，以便他們從解除制裁中獲得現金和投資流入，同時秘密推進他們的核計劃。
“這是他們過去所做的，這也是他們這次要做的。情報一目了然。毫無疑問，”他說。
他補充說，阻止伊朗的方法是通過更嚴格的製裁和更嚴格的監督，並從優勢地位進行談判。
拉皮德和特拉斯在《每日電訊報》上發表的一篇文章中寫道，他們的國家將“夜以繼日地工作，以防止伊朗政權成為一個核大國”。
他們寫道：“時間在流逝，這更加需要與我們的合作夥伴和朋友密切合作，以挫敗德黑蘭的野心。”
伊朗外交部發言人賽義德·哈蒂布扎德在維也納舉行的新聞發布會上表示，這篇專欄文章“特別是，與 [以色列] 一方試圖破壞 JCPOA，表明一些歐洲政黨沒有帶著必要的善意來到維也納，並希望延長會談時間。”
拉皮德還在保守黨的以色列之友會議上會見了英國首相鮑里斯·約翰遜，他說兩國都決心“不惜一切代價”阻止伊朗獲得核武器。
“以色列會保護自己，但我們知道我們並不孤單，”他說。
約翰遜說：“我們將繼續盡一切努力阻止伊朗獲得核武器。隨著談判在維也納恢復，我們希望外交能夠奏效……但伊朗的整體行為必須改變。”
拉皮德談到了以色列和英國的共同價值觀，以及英國在二戰中為民主和自由而戰的角色，與伊朗形成鮮明對比，伊朗總統“判處數千人死刑”並“將同性戀者吊在起重機上”。
“並非所有的想法都同樣值得尊重，”拉皮德說。“如果有人告訴我們——就像伊朗人、哈馬斯和真主黨所做的那樣——殺死我的孩子是可以的，因為他們對伊斯蘭教的扭曲解釋聲稱可以殺死猶太兒童，他們必須知道——這不會發生.
“我們不會與他們進行神學或意識形態的爭論。我們將保護自己免受他們的邪惡侵害，並堅決反對他們的暴力行為，”外交部長說，並補充說大屠殺的教訓並沒有被遺忘。
預計拉皮德將於週二與法國總統埃馬紐埃爾馬克龍會面，討論伊朗和雙邊關係。
據伊朗通訊社 IRNA 報導，馬克龍週一晚上與伊朗總統易卜拉欣·賴西就核談判進行了交談。
財政部長阿維格多·利伯曼 (Avigdor Liberman) 表示，核談判將於 11 月 29 日重啟，這是“象徵性的”，即 1947 年聯合國投票贊成包括建立猶太國家在內的分治計劃的日期。
“重要的是要記住，我們在這一天建立了猶太國家，這樣我們就可以保護每個猶太人，”他在 Yisrael Beytenu 派系會議上說。“即使在這種情況下，以色列也決心盡其所能，使伊朗不會成為核大國。”
Bennett to world as Iran talks resume: Don’t give in to nuclear blackmail
Lapid warned that the Iranians 'will play for time' so they get a cash and investment influx from sanctions lifted, while they covertly advance their nuclear program.
By LAHAV HARKOV
Published: NOVEMBER 29, 2021 14:03
Updated: NOVEMBER 29, 2021 23:08
Prime Minister Naftali Bennett at the cabinet meeting, November 21, 2021.
(photo credit: MARC ISRAEL SELLEM/THE JERUSALEM POST)
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Prime Minister Naftali Bennett sent a sharp message to the international community to be tough on Iran as nuclear negotiations resumed in Vienna on Monday.
Iran’s goal in the talks is for the US to lift sanctions while the Islamic Republic does almost nothing in return, the prime minister said.
“Iran won’t just keep its nuclear program: From today, they’ll be getting paid for it,” he warned.
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World powers and Iran reconvened in Vienna on Monday after a nearly six-month break, to negotiate an Iranian and American return to the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action nuclear deal (JCPOA).
PEOPLE PASS a mural of Iran's late leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini in Tehran (credit: NAZANIN TABATABAEE/WANA VIA REUTERS)
The talks ended after about four hours with an agreement to start with a discussion of lifting sanctions on Tuesday “and then other issues,” as Iran’s lead negotiator and Deputy Foreign Minister Ali Bagheri Kani put it, avoiding explicitly mentioning negotiations to limit Iran’s nuclear program.
Iran agreed to build on the first six rounds of talks, which took place between April and June of this year, including a nuclear working group, despite Iranian officials’ statements ahead of the talks that the negotiations would not be about their nuclear program.
“There is a sense of urgency of putting the JCPOA back in place,” said EU negotiator and political director Enrique Mora.
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“We have taken stock of the difficult circumstances of the JCPOA,” Mora stated. “Over the recent months, the Iranian nuclear program has advanced – and at the same time, the US is imposing the same sanctions.”
The negotiations took place in the Palais Coburg in Vienna, the same place where the JCPOA was signed in 2015. The American and Iranian teams were situated in separate rooms because the Islamic Republic’s representatives refused to negotiate directly with the Americans.
Israel opposes the JCPOA because it insufficiently limited Iran’s uranium enrichment – and in fact, legitimizes further enrichment after the agreement expires, which paves the way for an eventual nuclear bomb. In addition, the deal did not address Iran’s other malign actions in the region.
SKEPTICISM THAT Tehran would be willing to return to the 2015 agreement is widespread. As such, Washington is considering an interim agreement that some diplomats have called “less for less,” which would likely mean the US lifting some sanctions in exchange for Iran freezing – not rolling back – its nuclear program, which has advanced far beyond the JCPOA’s restrictions.
Foreign Minister Yair Lapid and British Prime Minister Boris Johnson (credit: STUART MITCHELL)
This is a significantly worse scenario as far as Israeli officials are concerned, because, as Bennett said, it would mean ““Iran won’t just keep its nuclear program… they’ll be getting paid for it.”
Israeli diplomatic sources have speculated that Iran only entered the talks in order to avoid a resolution against it at the International Atomic Energy Agency’s Board of Governors, which could lead to more sanctions.
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In his remarks, Bennett pointed to Iranian authorities shooting protesters in Isfahan in recent days, as well as a remark by Iran Armed Force spokesman Brig.-Gen. Abolfazl Shekarchi earlier this week as characteristic of the regime’s intentions: “We will not back off from the annihilation of Israel, not even one millimeter.
“Such a murderous regime should not be rewarded,” Bennett said, calling on the world to make sure not to allow “hundreds of billions of dollars [to be] poured right into their rotten regime.
“Iran deserves no rewards, no bargain deals and no sanctions relief in return for their brutality. I call upon our allies around the world: Do not give in to Iran’s nuclear blackmail.”
Defense Minister Benny Gantz said Israel must be “strong and independent to present its own solutions to defend ourselves, by ourselves, when we decide we it must be done.”
Israel has been sharing intelligence with its allies about Iran’s continued race toward a nuclear weapon, Gantz said.
“I say to our partners: The time that passes must have a price in economic sanctions and military action so the Iranians will stop their nuclear race and regional aggression.”
Israel does not oppose talks and understands the need for a solution, but is against allowing Iran to fool the world, the defense minister said.
Gantz will be heading to Washington in the coming days to discuss regional security issues, namely Iran, with his counterparts.
Foreign Minister Yair Lapid and British Prime Minister Boris Johnson holding Hanukkah menorahs (credit: STUART MITCHELL)
IN A MONDAY meeting with UK Foreign Minister Liz Truss, Foreign Minister Yair Lapid said: “The Iranians are coming to these talks for only one reason – to get sanctions lifted. They need money for Hezbollah, for the Revolutionary Guards, for their global terrorist network and for their continued race toward a nuclear program.”
Lapid warned that the Iranians “will play for time” so they get a cash and investment influx from sanctions being lifted, while they covertly advance their nuclear program.
“This is what they have done in the past, and it is what they will do this time as well. The intelligence is clear. It leaves no doubt,” he said.
The way to stop Iran is through tighter sanctions and tighter supervision, and conducting negotiations from a position of strength, he added.
Lapid and Truss wrote in an article published in The Telegraph that their countries will “work night and day to prevent the Iranian regime from ever becoming a nuclear power.”
“The clock is ticking, which heightens the need for close cooperation with our partners and friends to thwart Tehran’s ambitions,” they wrote.
Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman Saeed Khatibzadeh said in a press conference in Vienna that the op-ed “specifically, with a side [Israel] that has sought to destroy the JCPOA, indicates some European parties are not coming to Vienna with the necessary goodwill and want to lengthen the talks.”
Lapid also met with UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson at a Conservative Friends of Israel meeting, where he said the countries share a determination to stop Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon “at all costs.”
“Israel will protect itself, but we know we are not alone,” he said.
JOHNSON SAID that “we will continue to do everything we can to prevent Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon. As talks resume in Vienna, we hope diplomacy can work… but Iran’s overall behavior has to change.”
Lapid spoke of values Israel and the UK shared, and the UK’s role in fighting for democracy and freedom in World War II, contrasting that with Iran, whose president “sentenced thousands to death” and “hang[s] gay people from cranes.”
“Not all ideas are equally worthy of respect,” Lapid said. “And if someone tells us – as the Iranians, Hamas and Hezbollah do – that it is OK to kill my children because their distorted interpretation of Islam claims that it is ok to kill Jewish children, they must know – it is not going to happen.
“We are not going to get into a theological or ideological argument with them. We are going to defend ourselves from their evil and stand strong against their violence,” the foreign minister said, adding that the lessons of the Holocaust have not been forgotten.
Lapid is expected to meet with French President Emmanuel Macron on Tuesday to discuss Iran and bilateral relations.
Macron spoke with Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi about the nuclear talks on Monday evening, according to Iranian news agency IRNA.
Finance Minister Avigdor Liberman said it was “symbolic” that the nuclear talks are restarting on November 29, the date of the 1947 United Nations vote in favor of the partition plan that included the establishment of a Jewish state.
“It’s important to remember on this day that we established the Jewish state so we can defend every Jew,” he said in a Yisrael Beytenu faction meeting. “And even in this case, Israel is determined to do all that it can so Iran will not be a nuclear power.”
埃爾多安計劃採取措施改善與以色列的關係
土耳其總統雷傑普·塔伊普·埃爾多安在與阿聯酋領導人會晤後發表了上述言論，隨後是一項 1000 萬美元的投資計劃。
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發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 29 日 13:08
更新時間： 2021 年 11 月 29 日 17:12
土耳其總統塔伊普·埃爾多安於 2021 年 10 月 16 日在土耳其伊斯坦布爾舉行的新聞發布會上發表講話
（照片來源：路透社/穆拉德·塞澤）
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土耳其總統雷傑普·塔伊普·埃爾多安週一表示，土耳其正計劃與以色列和解。
埃爾多安在與阿聯酋領導人阿布扎比酋長謝赫穆罕默德·本·扎耶德王儲會晤時發表上述言論，隨後阿聯酋計劃在土耳其投資 100 億美元。
這些步驟是在安卡拉和阿布扎比之間多年的緊張局勢之後採取的，包括威脅要在 2020 年暫停阿聯酋與以色列建立關係的關係——儘管土耳其自 1949 年以來就與以色列建立了外交關係。
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“他們（阿聯酋）提出了 100 億美元的投資計劃。通過投入這 100 億美元，我們將建立一個非常不同的未來，”埃爾多安在從土庫曼斯坦返回的航班上告訴記者，並補充說他將於 2 月訪問阿聯酋。
當被問及與以色列和埃及的關係時，埃爾多安說：“無論與阿聯酋採取何種措施，我們也將與其他國家採取類似措施。”
土耳其總統塔伊普·埃爾多安於 2021 年 3 月 4 日在土耳其安卡拉通過視頻鏈接參加了他執政的 AK 黨的會議。（來源：總統新聞辦公室/通過路透社的講義）
作為去年發起的魅力攻勢的一部分，土耳其還著手修復與埃及和沙特阿拉伯的關係，但這些談判在公眾面前幾乎沒有取得任何進展。
本月早些時候，埃爾多安還罕見地與總理納夫塔利·貝內特通了電話，並在土耳其釋放納塔利和莫迪·奧克寧（一對因拍攝埃爾多安伊斯坦布爾住所而被拘留的以色列夫婦）幾個月後與總統艾薩克·赫爾佐格進行了第二次通話。
埃爾多安表示願意舉行以色列和土耳其之間的全面對話。
“如果在雙邊和地區問題上相互理解，可以最大限度地減少意見分歧，”土耳其對埃爾多安-赫爾佐格通話的宣讀稱。
上週末，在埃爾多安發表講話之前，外交部總幹事阿隆·烏什皮茲在接受《國土報》採訪時說，“以色列與土耳其的關係有可能比兩週前有所改善，我認為我們需要審查詳盡無遺。”
埃爾多安在過去一年向以色列示好，這可以被視為土耳其參與該地區天然氣開發並改善其經濟的一種方式。此外，改善與以色列的關係可能​​有助於修復土耳其總統和美國總統喬拜登之間的不良關係，拜登去年在接受《紐約時報》採訪時稱埃爾多安是“必須付出代價”的“獨裁者”。
以色列和土耳其的關係已經緊張了十多年。最低點是在 2010 年，當時與埃爾多安有聯繫的 IHH（人道主義救濟基金會）派遣 Mavi Marmara 船破壞以色列國防軍對加沙的海上封鎖，武裝船上的一些人。以色列國防軍海軍突擊隊員攔住了這艘船，遭到船上 IHH 成員的襲擊，其中 9 人喪生。
在隨後的十年中，以色列和土耳其保持外交關係，甚至在 2016 年重新任命大使，但多年來，埃爾多安庇護哈馬斯恐怖分子，支持東耶路撒冷的破壞穩定活動，並指責以色列故意殺害巴勒斯坦兒童。
與此同時，以色列與土耳其的歷史對手希臘和塞浦路斯建立了密切的關係，重點是能源和國防關係。
路透社為本報告做出了貢獻。
Erdogan planning steps to improve relations with Israel
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan made the remarks after meeting with the UAE's leader, which was followed by a $10 million investment plan.
By LAHAV HARKOV
Published: NOVEMBER 29, 2021 13:08
Updated: NOVEMBER 29, 2021 17:12
Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan speaks during a news conference in Istanbul, Turkey October 16, 2021
(photo credit: REUTERS/MURAD SEZER)
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Turkey is planning a rapprochement with Israel, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said on Monday.
Erdogan made the remarks in the context of his meeting with the United Arab Emirates’ leader Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed, which was followed with a plan for the UAE to invest $10 billion in Turkey.
Those steps came after years of tensions between Ankara and Abu Dhabi, including a threat to suspend ties over the UAE’s establishment of relations with Israel in 2020 – even though Turkey has had diplomatic ties with Israel since 1949.
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“They [UAE] put up a $10 billion investment plan. By putting this $10 billion into place, we will have built a very different future,” Erdogan was cited as telling reporters on a flight back from Turkmenistan, adding he would visit the UAE in February.
Asked about ties with Israel and Egypt, Erdogan said, “Whatever kind of step was taken with the UAE, we will also take similar ones with the others.”
Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan attends a meeting of his ruling AK Party via video link in Ankara, Turkey March 4, 2021. (credit: PRESIDENTIAL PRESS OFFICE/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)
As part of a charm offensive launched last year, Turkey has also moved to repair ties with Egypt and Saudi Arabia but those talks have yielded little public improvement.
Earlier this month, Erdogan also held a rare phone call with Prime Minister Naftali Bennett, and had his second call with President Isaac Herzog in several months after Turkey’s release of Natali and Mordy Oaknin, an Israeli couple detained for photographing Erdogan’s Istanbul residence.
Erdogan expressed a willingness to hold a comprehensive dialogue between Israel and Turkey.
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“Differences of opinion can be minimized if acted with mutual understanding in both bilateral and regional issues,” the Turkish readout of the Erdogan-Herzog call stated.
Foreign Ministry Director-General Alon Ushpiz said in an interview with Haaretz over the weekend, before Erdogan’s remarks, “There is potential for a relative improvement in Israel-Turkey ties, more than there was two weeks ago, and I think we need to examine it exhaustively.”
Erdogan has made overtures toward Israel in the past year, which could be seen as a way for Turkey to get in on the natural gas developments in the region and improve its economy. In addition, improved ties with Israel could help repair bad relations between the Turkish president and US President Joe Biden, who in an interview with The New York Times last year called Erdogan an “autocrat” who “has to pay a price.”
Israel-Turkey ties have been tense for over a decade. The nadir was in 2010 when the Erdogan-linked IHH (Humanitarian Relief Foundation) sent the Mavi Marmara ship to bust the IDF’s naval blockade on Gaza, arming some of the people aboard. IDF naval commandos stopped the ship, were attacked by IHH members aboard and killed nine of them.
Over the ensuing decade, Israel and Turkey maintained diplomatic relations, even reinstalling ambassadors in 2016, but over the years, Erdogan harbored Hamas terrorists, backed destabilizing activities in east Jerusalem and accused Israel of intentionally killing Palestinian children.
Meanwhile, Israel has developed close ties with Turkey’s historic adversaries Greece and Cyprus, with an emphasis on energy and defense ties.
Reuters contributed to this report.
埃爾多安稱土耳其準備在烏克蘭和俄羅斯之間進行調解-NTV
烏克蘭官員說，俄羅斯軍隊已在烏克蘭邊境集結。
通過路透
發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 29 日 15:27
土耳其總統塔伊普·埃爾多安於 2021 年 3 月 4 日在土耳其安卡拉通過視頻鏈接參加了他執政的 AK 黨的會議。
（圖片來源：總統新聞辦公室/通過路透社的講義）
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土耳其準備充當烏克蘭和俄羅斯之間的調解人，儘管在烏克蘭東部緊張局勢中今年早些時候通過向基輔出售武裝無人機激怒了莫斯科，但總統塔伊普埃爾多安週一被 NTV 廣播公司引用。
美國、北約和烏克蘭官員表示，俄羅斯軍隊已在烏克蘭邊境集結，烏克蘭也在與控制其東部部分領土的莫斯科支持的分離主義分子作戰。
烏克蘭的軍事情報部門表示，莫斯科正準備在 2022 年初發動襲擊。俄羅斯認為這些評論是美國的“惡意”宣傳。
北約成員國土耳其與基輔和莫斯科關係良好，但反對俄羅斯在敘利亞和利比亞的政策。它與俄羅斯建立了密切的能源和防務合作，但也向基輔出售了土耳其製造的無人機，激怒了莫斯科。
在從土庫曼斯坦起飛的航班上對記者發表講話時，NTV 和其他媒體援引埃爾多安的話說，土耳其希望黑海地區和平，並補充說他經常與俄羅斯總統弗拉基米爾·普京討論這個問題。
在烏克蘭武裝部隊總參謀部於 2021 年 11 月 17 日發布的這張講義圖片中，烏克蘭武裝部隊的坦克在烏克蘭赫爾鬆地區與俄羅斯吞併的克里米亞邊界附近的一個訓練場進行軍事演習。 （圖片來源：烏克蘭武裝部隊總參謀部新聞處/路透社提供的資料）
“無論是作為調解人還是與他們談論這個問題，通過與烏克蘭和普京先生舉行這些會談，上帝保佑，我們希望參與解決這個問題，”他被引述說。
當被問及埃爾多安的提議時，克里姆林宮發言人德米特里佩斯科夫拒絕發表評論。
上個月，莫斯科表示土耳其無人機有可能對烏克蘭東部產生破壞穩定的影響，此前基輔部署了一架無人機襲擊了俄羅斯支持的分離主義分子控制的陣地。土耳其表示，烏克蘭使用無人機不能歸咎於它。
自 2014 年俄羅斯從烏克蘭手中奪取克里米亞半島後不久，俄羅斯支持的分離主義分子就一直在烏克蘭頓巴斯地區與政府軍作戰。
土耳其還批評莫斯科吞併克里米亞，並表示支持烏克蘭的領土完整。
Erdogan says Turkey ready to mediate between Ukraine and Russia -NTV
Ukrainian officials say Russian forces have massed on the border of Ukraine.
By REUTERS
Published: NOVEMBER 29, 2021 15:27
Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan attends a meeting of his ruling AK Party via video link in Ankara, Turkey March 4, 2021.
(photo credit: PRESIDENTIAL PRESS OFFICE/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)
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Turkey is ready to act as a mediator between Ukraine and Russia, President Tayyip Erdogan was cited as saying by broadcaster NTV on Monday, despite having angered Moscow by selling armed drones to Kyiv earlier this year amid tensions in eastern Ukraine.
US, NATO and Ukrainian officials say Russian forces have massed on the border of Ukraine, which is also battling Moscow-backed separatists who control part of its territory in the east.
Ukraine's military intelligence has said Moscow was preparing for an attack in early 2022. Russia has dismissed the comments as "malicious" US propaganda.
NATO member Turkey has good ties with both Kyiv and Moscow, but opposes Russian policies in Syria and Libya. It has forged close energy and defense cooperation with Russia, but has also sold Turkish-made drones to Kyiv, angering Moscow.
Speaking to reporters on a flight from Turkmenistan, Erdogan was cited as saying by NTV and other media Turkey wanted the Black Sea region to be in peace, adding he was discussing the issue with his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin frequently.
Tanks of the Ukrainian Armed Forces drive during military drills at a training ground near the border with Russian-annexed Crimea in Kherson region, Ukraine, in this handout picture released by the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine press service November 17, 2021. (credit: PRESS SERVICE OF GENERAL STAFF OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)
"Whether it is as a mediator or speaking to them about the issue, by holding these talks with Ukraine and Mr Putin, God willing, we want to have a part in the solution of this," he was cited as saying.
Asked about Erdogan's offer, Kremlin Spokesman Dmitry Peskov declined to comment.
Last month, Moscow said the Turkish drones risked having a destabilizing impact in east Ukraine, after Kyiv deployed one to hit a position controlled by Russian-backed separatists. Turkey has said it cannot be blamed for Ukraine's use of the drones.
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Russia-backed separatists have been fighting government troops in Ukraine's Donbass region since 2014, soon after Russia seized the Crimea peninsula from Ukraine.
Turkey has also criticized Moscow's annexation of Crimea and voiced support for Ukraine's territorial integrity.
阿巴斯說，拯救兩國解決方案，承認巴勒斯坦
聯合國每年都會在 1947 年根據第 181 號決議投票劃分領土的周年紀念日紀念巴勒斯坦的團結。
作者：托瓦·拉扎羅夫
發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 29 日 17:47
更新時間： 2021 年 11 月 29 日 21:31
2021 年 5 月 25 日，巴勒斯坦總統馬哈茂德·阿巴斯在約旦河西岸城市拉馬拉與美國國務卿安東尼·布林肯（未圖示）舉行的聯合新聞發布會上做手勢。
（照片來源：ALEX BRANDON/POOL VIA REUTERS）
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國際社會必須承認巴勒斯坦的國家地位，巴勒斯坦民族權力機構主席馬哈茂德·阿巴斯在敦促國際社會挽救和平進程並防止一國現實時說。
“我們呼籲所有相信​​兩國解決方案並承認以色列的國家也承認巴勒斯坦國，”他在由巴勒斯坦權力機構代表他在聯合國大會上宣讀的演講中說。該機構的特使，利雅得·曼蘇爾（Riyad Mansour）。
他在聯合國大會特別紀念聲援巴勒斯坦人民國際日的年度活動中宣讀了阿巴斯的演講，聯合國自 1977 年以來一直在紀念這一活動。
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此次活動特意選擇 11 月 29 日的日期，因為它是 1947 年聯合國就第 181 號決議投票決定分割英國託管巴勒斯坦領土的周年紀念日。該決議將該領土的一部分分配給一個猶太國家，其餘分配給一個阿拉伯國家。猶太人接受了這個計劃，但阿拉伯人拒絕了它並攻擊了新生的猶太國家。
然而，四十年來，國際社會已將這一周年紀念日轉變為對巴勒斯坦建國的全球呼籲。
歷史上的本週：宣布聯合國分區計劃（來源：ARCHIVE）
活動期間，駐聯合國大使吉拉德·埃爾丹 (Gilad Erdan) 與世界猶太人大會一起在大樓外舉行了示威。
“聯合國有膽量在巴勒斯坦人自己決定選擇暴力的周年紀念日為巴勒斯坦人舉辦聲援活動，”埃爾丹說。
“巴勒斯坦人和阿拉伯國家不僅攻擊以色列，他們[阿拉伯人]迫害、屠殺並最終驅逐他們本國的猶太社區；令人震驚的是，聯合國完全忽視了這種暴行，”埃爾丹說。
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活動的組織者在卡車上放置了大型廣告牌，上面有猶太難民的照片和諸如“不要忽視我們的故事”和“不要抹去猶太歷史”等聲明。
聯合國大會巴勒斯坦人民行使不可剝奪權利委員會表示，這一天是“國際社會關注#巴勒斯坦人民尚未獲得自決權這一事實的機會。 ”
約有138個國家承認巴勒斯坦為一個國家，但巴勒斯坦權力機構尚未獲得大多數西歐國家的支持。他們更願意承認國家地位，作為完成兩國解決衝突的和平進程的一部分。
聯合國也沒有承認它是一個成員國，這一舉動需要聯合國安理會的批准。在聯合國安理會擁有否決權的美國反對此舉。2012 年，聯合國大會授予巴勒斯坦權力機構在聯合國的非成員國地位。
今年聯合國為巴勒斯坦人舉行的聲援活動是在沒有和平進程的情況下舉行的，以色列政府在支持兩國決議方面存在分歧。納夫塔利·貝內特總理反對建立巴勒斯坦國。
“以色列公然拒絕兩國解決方案並堅持鞏固其占領而不是結束佔領——再加上等待各方為對話和實現和平做好準備的政策——實際上意味著允許以色列通過阿巴斯在周一的講話中說，它的非法行為和改變當地事實。
阿巴斯說，以色列的這些行動使局勢變得更加複雜，“即使不是不可能，實現兩國解決方案的可能性也更加渺茫”。
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“我們必須在根據聯合國決議的兩國解決方案或所有人的一國解決方案之間做出選擇，因為我們不能永遠容忍佔領，”阿巴斯說，並補充說，衝突已經到了“一個決定性的時刻”。
阿巴斯呼籲由聯合國、歐盟、美國和俄羅斯組成的四方協調兩國解決方案。傳統上，美國一直是這一進程的唯一中間人，但近年來巴勒斯坦權力機構試圖用四方取代美國作為和平進程的中間人。
在周一聯合國大會會議之前發表的一份聲明中，聯合國秘書長安東尼奧·古特雷斯指責以色列阻撓達成兩國解決方案的任何可能性。
古特雷斯說：“持續侵犯巴勒斯坦人的權利以及擴大定居點可能會侵蝕兩國解決方案的前景。”
他解釋說，最近幾個月以色列和巴勒斯坦官員之間的會晤一直“令人鼓舞”，但要在 1967 年之前的路線上實現兩國解決衝突，還需要做更多的工作。
古特雷斯說：“我呼籲各方避免採取會破壞根據國際法和聯合國相關決議和平解決衝突機會的單方面步驟。”
他補充說：“讓我們一起重申對巴勒斯坦人民的堅定承諾，幫助他們實現不可剝奪的權利，並為巴勒斯坦人和以色列人建設一個和平、正義、安全和尊嚴的未來。”
Save the two-state solution, recognize Palestine, Abbas says
The UN annually marks Palestinian solidarity on the anniversary of the 1947 vote to partition territory under Resolution 181.
By TOVAH LAZAROFF
Published: NOVEMBER 29, 2021 17:47
Updated: NOVEMBER 29, 2021 21:31
Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas gestures during a joint press conference with U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken (not pictured), in the West Bank city of Ramallah, May 25, 2021.
(photo credit: ALEX BRANDON/POOL VIA REUTERS)
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The international community must recognize Palestinian statehood, Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas said as he urged the international community to save the peace process and prevent a one-state reality.
“We call on all states that believe in a two-state solution and who have recognized Israel, to also recognize the state of Palestine,” he said in a speech that was read out on his behalf at the United Nations General Assembly by the PA’s envoy to that body, Riyad Mansour.
He read Abbas’s speech at a special UNGA annual event to mark the International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People, which the UN has observed since 1977.
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The date of November 29 was deliberately chosen for this event because it is the anniversary of the 1947 UN vote on Resolution 181 to partition territory that had been part of the British Mandate Palestine. The resolution allocated part of that territory for a Jewish state and the remainder for an Arab one. The Jewish people accepted the plan, but the Arabs rejected it and attacked the nascent Jewish state.
For over four decades, however, the international community has transformed that anniversary into a global call for Palestinian statehood.
This Week in History: The UN Partition Plan announced (credit: ARCHIVE)
Ambassador to the UN Gilad Erdan held a demonstration outside the building during the time of the event, along with the World Jewish Congress.
“The UN has the audacity to hold a solidarity event for the Palestinians on the anniversary of the Palestinians own decision to choose violence,” Erdan said.
“The Palestinians and the Arab countries not only attacked Israel, the Jewish state they [the Arabs] persecuted, massacred and ultimately expelled the Jewish communities in their own countries; shockingly this atrocity is completely ignored by the UN,” Erdan said.
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Organizers of the event placed large billboards on trucks, with photos of the Jewish refugees and statements such as “Don’t ignore our story” and “don’t erase Jewish history.”
The UNGA’s Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People said that the day was “an opportunity for the international community to focus its attention on the fact that the people of #Palestine are yet to obtain the right to self-determination.”
Some 138 countries have recognized Palestine as a state, but the PA has yet to achieve the support of most Western and European states. They prefer to confer statehood recognition as part of the completion of a peace process for a two-state resolution to the conflict.
The UN has also not recognized it as a member state, a move that would need UN Security Council approval. The US, which has veto power at the UNSC has opposed such a move. In 2012, the UNGA granted the PA the status of a nonmember state at the UN.
This year’s UN solidarity event for the Palestinians took place in the absence of a peace process and with an Israeli government that is split on support for a two-state resolution. Prime Minister Naftali Bennett opposes the creation of a Palestinian state.
“Israel’s blatant rejection of the two-state solution and its insistence to entrench its occupation rather than ending it – combined with the policy of waiting for parties to be ready for dialogue and achievement of peace – means in practical terms allowing Israel to finalize annexation through its illegal actions and alteration of the facts on the ground,” Abbas said in his speech on Monday.
These Israeli actions, Abbas said, have made the situation more complex and “the possibility of achieving the two-state solution more remote if not impossible,” he said.
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“We have to choose between a two-state solution in accordance with UN resolutions or a one-state solution for all, as we cannot tolerate occupation forever,” Abbas said, adding, that the conflict had reached “a defining moment.”
Abbas called for the Quartet – made up of the UN, the European Union, the US and Russia – to broker a two-state solution. Traditionally, the US has been the sole broker of such a process, but the PA in recent years has sought to replace the US with the Quartet as the broker for the peace process.
In a statement he delivered prior to Monday’s UNGA meeting, UN Secretary-General António Guterres accused Israel of thwarting any possibility of a two-state resolution.
“Persistent violations of the rights of Palestinians along with the expansion of settlements risk eroding the prospect of a two-state solution,” said Guterres.
Meetings between Israeli and Palestinian officials in recent months had been “encouraging” but that more needed to be done to achieve a two-state resolution to the conflict based on the pre-1967 lines, he explained.
“I call on the parties to avoid unilateral steps that would undermine the chances for a peaceful resolution of the conflict based on international law and relevant United Nations resolutions,” Guterres said.
“Together, let us reaffirm our unwavering commitment to the Palestinian people in their quest to achieve their inalienable rights and build a future of peace, justice, security and dignity for both Palestinians and Israelis,” he added.
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