2021.11.12 國際新聞導讀-美國中國總統將於下週一舉行線上會談、波蘭與白俄羅斯因難民過界問題陷入僵持、美國與盟軍檢討阿富汗作為、土國逮捕一隊拍攝土國總統府的外國夫婦、巴勒斯坦組成聯合政府機會低、伊朗警告以色列一旦攻擊的話將面對毀滅

蘇老師講解國際新聞、中東與中亞歷史、中國事務、太空知識的頻道。 Diplomat's daily news review and history research on Middle East and Central Asia, China Affairs and Space Exploration

2021.11.12 國際新聞導讀-美國中國總統將於下週一舉行線上會談、波蘭與白俄羅斯因難民過界問題陷入僵持、美國與盟軍檢討阿富汗作為、土國逮捕一隊拍攝土國總統府的外國夫婦、巴勒斯坦組成聯合政府機會低、伊朗警告以色列一旦攻擊的話將面對毀滅
拜登，中國的習近平預計將在周一舉行虛擬會議
另外，拜登預計將於週五早上在網上發表講話，在亞太經濟會議領導人峰會上發表講話。
通過路透
發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 11 日 22:24
2019 年 7 月 30 日，在中國上海舉行的貿易會議前，中美兩國國旗飄揚
（圖片來源：路透社/ALY SONG）
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消息人士稱，由於貿易、人權和軍事活動的緊張局勢，美國總統喬拜登和中國領導人習近平預計將於週一舉行虛擬峰會。
華盛頓和北京一直在爭論從COVID-19 大流行的起源到中國擴大核武庫的問題。美國官員認為，與習近平直接接觸是防止世界兩大經濟體之間的關係陷入衝突的最佳方式。
白宮週四拒絕發表評論，中國官員沒有立即發表評論。
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另外，拜登預計將於週五早上在網上發表講話，在亞太經濟會議領導人峰會上發表講話。
CNBC週四援引兩名知情人士的話報導稱，習近平可能會邀請拜登參加在北京舉行的2022年冬奧會。
在向中國施壓人權問題時，這樣的要求可能會讓美國總統處於不舒服的境地。拜登不太可能去北京參加任何形式的會議；美國總統沒有參加在美國的重要盟友東京舉行的夏季奧運會。
拜登和習近平最後一次通話是在 9 月 9 日，美國一位高級官員表示，這次談話時長 90 分鐘，重點是經濟問題、氣候變化和 COVID-19。
拜登一直渴望與習近平進行面對面的會談，試圖緩和與北京在台灣和其他一系列問題上的緊張關係。
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兩週前，美國官員曾希望拜登在羅馬舉行的 G20 峰會期間與習近平會面，但自 21 個月前大流行爆發以來，習近平從未出過中國。週三，兩國在蘇格蘭舉行的聯合國氣候會議上公佈了一項框架協議，旨在加強應對氣候變化的合作。
上個月，在美國國家安全顧問傑克·沙利文與中國最高外交官楊潔篪在蘇黎世舉行的會談期間，拜登-習最近的虛擬會議原則上達成了一致。白宮表示，沙利文對中國在南海的行動以及人權和北京在香港、新疆和台灣的立場表示擔憂。
一位高級政府官員表示，目前還沒有什麼要宣布的。“我們原則上同意在年底前舉行一次虛擬雙邊會議。正在進行工作層面的討論以確認細節，”這位官員說。
白宮將即將舉行的會議描述為美國“負責任地管理”兩國之間競爭的持續努力的一部分。
Biden, China's Xi expected to meet virtually on Monday
Separately, Biden is expected to address the Asia Pacific Economic Conference leaders' summit in an online appearance on Friday morning.
By REUTERS
Published: NOVEMBER 11, 2021 22:24
Chinese and US flags flutter before a trade meeting in Shanghai, China July 30, 2019
(photo credit: REUTERS/ALY SONG)
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US President Joe Biden and Chinese leader Xi Jinping are expected to hold a virtual summit on Monday, sources said, amid tensions over trade, human rights and military activities.
Washington and Beijing have been sparring on issues from the origins of the COVID-19 pandemic to China's expanding nuclear arsenal. US officials believe direct engagement with Xi is the best way to prevent the relationship between the world’s two biggest economies from spiraling toward conflict.
The White House declined to comment on Thursday, and Chinese officials had no immediate comment.
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Separately, Biden is expected to address the Asia Pacific Economic Conference leaders' summit in an online appearance on Friday morning.
Xi is likely to invite Biden to attend the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, CNBC reported on Thursday, citing two people familiar with the matter.
Such a request could put the U.S president in an uncomfortable spot as he presses China on human rights. Biden is unlikely to go to Beijing for any kind of meeting; the US president did not attend the Summer Olympics in Tokyo, a key American ally.
Biden and Xi last spoke on Sept. 9, a 90-minute conversation that a senior US official said focused on economic issues, climate change and COVID-19.
Biden has been eager to hold face-to-face talks with Xi to try to reduce tensions with Beijing over Taiwan and a host of other issues.
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US officials had wanted Biden to meet Xi on the sidelines of a G20 summit in Rome two weeks ago, but Xi has not traveled outside of China since the pandemic broke out 21 months ago. On Wednesday, the two countries unveiled a framework deal at the U.N. climate conference in Scotland aimed at boosting cooperation to tackle climate change.
The latest Biden-Xi virtual meeting was agreed to in principle last month during talks in Zurich between US national security adviser Jake Sullivan and China's top diplomat, Yang Jiechi. The White House said Sullivan raised concerns about Chinese actions in the South China Sea, as well as human rights and Beijing's stances on Hong Kong, Xinjiang and Taiwan.
A senior administration official said there was nothing to announce yet. "We have an agreement in principle to have a virtual bilateral meeting before the end of the year. Working-level discussions are under way to confirm details," the official said.
The White House has characterized the upcoming meeting as part of ongoing US efforts to "responsibly manage" competition between the two countries.
波蘭一夜之間報告了暴力衝突，因為移民試圖打破新的邊界
歐盟週三指責白俄羅斯通過鼓勵數千名逃離貧困和飽受戰爭蹂躪的地區的移民試圖越境進入波蘭，對歐盟發起“混合攻擊”。
通過路透
發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 11 日 12:09
2021 年 11 月 10 日警方發布的這張照片中，波蘭警察在波蘭庫茲尼察附近的波蘭/白俄羅斯邊境守衛邊境圍欄。
（照片來源：POLICJA PODLASKA / HANDOUT VIA REUTERS）
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華沙當局週四表示，滯留在白俄羅斯境內的移民向波蘭邊防警衛投擲石塊和樹枝，並使用原木試圖在一夜之間打破鐵絲網圍欄，以迫使他們進入歐盟。
歐盟週三指責白俄羅斯通過鼓勵成千上萬逃離貧困和飽受戰爭蹂躪的地區的移民試圖越境進入波蘭，對歐盟發起“混合攻擊” ，並準備對明斯克實施新的製裁。
這場危機引發了西方和俄羅斯之間的新對抗，俄羅斯週三派出兩架具有核能力的戰略轟炸機在白俄羅斯領空巡邏，以示對其盟友的支持。白俄羅斯表示，這些飛機週四進行了第二天的演習。
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克里姆林宮表示，俄羅斯與邊界緊張局勢無關，並暗示雙方全副武裝的人員的存在——顯然是指白俄羅斯和波蘭邊防衛隊——令人擔憂。它說，對白俄羅斯實施制裁的前景是一個“瘋狂的想法”。
被困在兩個邊界之間的移民在臨時營地中忍受著寒冷的天氣。波蘭報告稱，在長達數月的危機中至少有 7 名移民死亡，其他移民表示擔心他們會死亡。
2021 年 11 月 10 日，在波蘭哈伊諾卡附近的白俄羅斯 - 波蘭邊境的移民危機期間，他們離開臨時夜間營地後，在森林中拍攝了移民的物品。（圖片來源：REUTERS/KACPER PEMPEL）
邊防衛隊發言人 Ewelina Szczepanska 告訴路透社，聚集在 Bialowieza 鎮附近的大約 150 名移民中沒有一人設法突破邊界，並表示週三有 468 次試圖非法越境。
烏克蘭內政部表示，烏克蘭邊防警衛、警察和國民警衛隊將於週四在白俄羅斯邊境舉行演習，旨在保護該國免受移民可能試圖突破邊境的影響。
聲明援引內政部長丹尼斯·蒙納斯提爾斯基的話說：“為了應對潛在的移民危機，我們將無一例外地讓內政部的所有五個機構參與進來。”
雖然不是歐盟成員國，但烏克蘭擔心成為波蘭和白俄羅斯邊境移民危機的另一個前沿。
與波蘭一樣，鄰國立陶宛也對邊境實施了緊急狀態，也報告了新的突破邊境的企圖。
在周四的聯合聲明中，立陶宛、拉脫維亞和愛沙尼亞的國防部長表示，他們認為這場危機“非常令人震驚，並明確譴責白俄羅斯政權正在進行的混合襲擊蓄意升級，這對歐洲安全構成嚴重威脅。 .”
“大批人被聚集並運送到邊境地區，然後他們被迫非法越境。這增加了挑釁和嚴重事件的可能性，這些事件也可能蔓延到軍事領域，”他們說。
該集團指責白俄羅斯總統亞歷山大·盧卡申科製造移民危機，以報復早先的製裁，此前這位資深領導人在 2020 年對反對其統治的大規模街頭抗議活動進行了暴力鎮壓。
俄羅斯旗艦航空公司 Aeroflot AFLT.MM 週四否認參與組織向白俄羅斯大規模運輸移民，此前該公司股價因新聞報導而下跌，稱其可能因白俄羅斯 - 波蘭邊境危機而面臨歐盟制裁。
白俄羅斯當局表示，有超過 2,000 名移民在邊境。盧卡申科和俄羅斯將移民危機歸咎於歐盟，並表示歐盟通過阻止移民過境沒有辜負自己的人道主義價值觀。
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今年春天，大批逃離中東和其他地方的衝突和貧困的人開始飛往明斯克。然後，他們乘坐出租車、公共汽車或人口走私者提供的汽車前往歐盟成員國波蘭、立陶宛或拉脫維亞的邊境，並試圖越境。
波蘭當局表示，近幾個月從中東飛往白俄羅斯的航班數量急劇增加，波蘭總理呼籲歐盟採取行動阻止航空公司將移民運送到明斯克。
大多數移民通過中東地區的旅行社與白俄羅斯公司合作預訂旅遊套餐，通常包括簽證、航班和住宿。
整個旅程的價格各不相同，最高可達14,000美元左右。10 月，明斯克限制了白俄羅斯允許提供旅遊邀請函的旅行社數量，走私者和旅行社報告價格上漲。
Poland reports violent clashes overnight as migrants attempt new border breach
The EU on Wednesday accused Belarus of mounting a "hybrid attack" on the bloc by encouraging thousands of migrants fleeing poverty and war-torn areas to try to cross into Poland.
By REUTERS
Published: NOVEMBER 11, 2021 12:09
Polish police guard border fence on the Poland/Belarus border near Kuznica, Poland, in this photograph released by the Police, November 10, 2021.
(photo credit: POLICJA PODLASKA / HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)
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Migrants stranded inside Belarus threw rocks and branches at Polish border guards and used logs to try to break down a razor wire fence overnight in new attempts to force their way into the European Union, the authorities in Warsaw said on Thursday.
The EU on Wednesday accused Belarus of mounting a "hybrid attack" on the bloc by encouraging thousands of migrants fleeing poverty and war-torn areas to try to cross into Poland, and is gearing up to impose new sanctions on Minsk.
The crisis has sparked a new confrontation between the West and Russia, which dispatched two nuclear capable strategic bombers to patrol Belarusian airspace on Wednesday in a show of support for its ally. Belarus said the planes carried out drills for a second day on Thursday.
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The Kremlin said Russia had nothing to do with tensions on the border and suggested the presence of heavily armed people on both sides - an apparent reference to Belarusian and Polish border guards - was a source of concern. The prospect of sanctions on Belarus a "crazy idea," it said.
Trapped between two borders, the migrants have endured freezing weather in makeshift camps. Poland has reported at least seven migrant deaths in the months-long crisis and other migrants have expressed fear they would die.
Belongings of migrants are pictured in the forest after they left temporary night camp during migrant crisis on Belarusian - Polish border near Hajnowka, Poland, November 10, 2021. (credit: REUTERS/KACPER PEMPEL)
None of around 150 migrants gathered near the town of Bialowieza managed to breach the border, the spokeswoman for the border guards service Ewelina Szczepanska told Reuters, saying there had been 468 attempts at illegal crossings on Wednesday.
Ukrainian border guards, police and the national guard will hold drills on the border with Belarus on Thursday aiming to protect the country from possible attempts by migrants to breach the frontier, Ukraine's interior ministry said.
"In order to counter the potential crisis with migrants, we will involve all five structures of the Ministry of Internal Affairs without exception," Interior Minister Denys Monastyrskiy was quoted as saying in the statement.
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While not a European Union member, Ukraine is wary of becoming another frontier in the migrant crisis on the Poland-Belarus border.
Neighboring EU state Lithuania, which like Poland has imposed a state of emergency on the border, also reported new attempts to breach the frontier.
In a joint statement on Thursday, the defense ministers of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia said they saw the crisis as "very alarming, and unequivocally condemn the deliberate escalation of the ongoing hybrid attack by the Belarusian regime, which is posing serious threats to European security."
"Large groups of people are being gathered and transported to the border area, where they are then forced to illegally cross the border. This increases the possibility of provocations and serious incidents that could also spill over into military domain," they said.
The bloc accuses Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko of manufacturing the migrant crisis in revenge for earlier sanctions after the veteran leader unleashed a violent crackdown on mass street protests against his rule in 2020.
Russian flag carrier Aeroflot AFLT.MM on Thursday denied any involvement in organizing mass transportation of migrants to Belarus, after its shares fell on a news report that it could face EU sanctions over the crisis on the Belarus-Poland border.
The Belarusian authorities said more than 2,000 migrants were at the border. Lukashenko and Russia have blamed the EU for the migrant crisis and said the EU was not living up to its own humanitarian values by preventing the migrants from crossing.
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Large groups of people fleeing conflicts and poverty in the Middle East and elsewhere started flying to Minsk this spring. They then travel to the border with EU members Poland, Lithuania or Latvia by taxi, bus or cars provided by human smugglers and try to cross.
Polish authorities say the number of flights to Belarus from the Middle East has increased dramatically in recent months, with the Polish prime minister calling on the EU to take action to stem the flow of airlines ferrying migrants to Minsk.
Most migrants use travel agencies across the Middle East which partner with Belarusian companies to book tourism packages that usually include visa, flight and accommodation.
The price of the whole journey varies and can reach up to about $14,000. In October, Minsk restricted the number of travel agencies in Belarus allowed to deliver tourism invitations, and smugglers as well as agencies have reported a rise in prices.
在阿富汗之後，美國試圖修補與北約的信任差距
美國及其北約夥伴正在審查從他們在阿富汗的兩年行動中吸取的教訓
作者：MIKE WAGENHEIM / THE MEDIA LINE
發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 11 日 00:17
北約旗幟在比利時布魯塞爾的聯盟總部飄揚，
（圖片來源：路透社/弗朗索瓦·勒努瓦）
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布魯塞爾正在進行許多反省，因為美國及其北約夥伴正在對從他們在阿富汗的兩年行動中汲取的經驗教訓進行持續審查。
一些專家想知道美國和北約願意在多大程度上接受任務失敗的責任——不僅僅是在盟國公民和夥伴的混亂、匆忙撤離期間，而是在整個 20 年的任務中。北約負責行動的助理秘書長約翰·曼扎最近告訴歐盟立法者，他的團隊正在討論的一個重要教訓是任務蠕變——在軍事行動過程中目標的逐漸轉變，經常導致計劃外的長期- 長期承諾。
“事實證明，建立一個全面、自給自足的國家的願望在時間和資源方面要求很高。一般來說，阿富汗的頭七八年是武力經濟。2003年，伊拉克戰爭使一切不堪重負，阿富汗從未得到太多戰略關注或資源。直到 2008 年，在喬治·W·布什政府的最後幾個月，才對阿富汗戰略進行了全面審查。想想看，”美國國防部前阿富汗國家主任傑森坎貝爾告訴媒體專線。坎貝爾在國防部長辦公室工作，擔任促進阿富汗和平進程努力的關鍵人物，並與為堅決支持任務做出貢獻的北約夥伴和盟友接觸。
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在 2010 年由時任美國總統巴拉克·奧巴馬 (Barack Obama) 指揮的軍隊激增之後，一場資源不足和被忽視的衝突發生了轉變。但是，以美國為首的聯軍組建的擁有37.5萬名成員的阿富汗國家安全部隊是不可持續的，到那時很難做出改變並承認失敗或失敗。
“隨著時間的推移，美國的足跡以及北約開始消散。同時努力發展阿富汗機構，在一個經驗極少的國家建立強大的官僚機構，中央政府從未合併成代表民主的東西……現在所有人都看到了，”坎貝爾說。
8 月 30 日，阿富汗喀布爾，一名 TALIBAN 成員在為一輛發射火箭的車輛拍照。（圖片來源：STRINGER/REUTERS）
據報導，審查包括考慮北約是否應該願意承擔所謂的“區域外任務”。這些討論的結果可能會對美國及其合作夥伴如何應對中國的擴張野心產生重大影響。
“從美國的角度來看，最初的重點領域之一是彌補過去幾年美國在阿富汗參與的一些缺乏參與和信任的問題。它並不像它本來的那樣強大，”坎貝爾說。
“當（當時的美國國防部長詹姆斯）馬蒂斯就位時，美國對聯盟採取了領先的方法，美國將繼續承諾，並且美國敦促其他人也這樣做。大多數人確實留下了，有些人在 2018 年之前提高了他們的部隊水平，”坎貝爾說。
2018 年 12 月，當時的美國總統唐納德特朗普宣佈在敘利亞和阿富汗撤軍，這與向盟友傳達的信息背道而馳。馬蒂斯此後不久辭職。
“從那時起，人們的看法是，美國越來越多地單方面參與和平談判，由（美國駐塔利班特使）大使扎爾邁·哈利勒扎德 (Zalmay Khalilzad) 領導，並且美國正在做出自己的決定——可能會通知聯盟，但不會讓他們做出決定。一起討論和審議，”坎貝爾說。
美國現在正試圖擺脫北約針對塔利班領導的阿富汗的戰略
“我們正在為美國與塔利班的下一輪機構間接觸做準備。在確保我們在阿富汗的利益方面，盟友必須有效地共同行動和合作。我們還必須與該地區——與俄羅斯、中國、巴基斯坦、伊朗和中亞國家——合作，實現我們在一個穩定的阿富汗的共同和持久利益，這個穩定的阿富汗不對鄰國構成威脅，與自己和平相處，並且尊重人權、婦女權利、少數民族權利等等，”韋斯特本週告訴記者。
最緊迫的步驟是防止當前的危機演變成一場災難，導致潛在的大規模移民進入歐洲，這對那裡的許多政治領導人來說是一個令人不安的想法。這是美國具有影響力並且可能能夠幫助其歐洲夥伴的領域之一。
“塔利班已經非常明確和公開地表達了他們希望與國際社會實現關係正常化的願望；看到援助的恢復；看到國際外交界重返喀布爾；看到製裁解除。美國不能靠我們自己完成這些事情，我們必須與國際社會共同努力，才能看到這些事情的發生。但這並不是一個微不足道的讓步，同樣，我們只想首先與我們志同道合的盟友就路線圖的具體內容進行磋商，”韋斯特說。
該路線圖幾乎肯定會涉及美國開放考慮提供人道主義和其他經濟援助的獨特途徑，至少在理論上，這些途徑不會到達執政的塔利班手中。韋斯特表示，美國正在考慮解凍數十億美元儲備的提議，以及國際貨幣機構向阿富汗公民提供定期工資的提議，但與盟友和美國國會內部就此類提議的磋商仍在進行中。
當然，更長期的擔憂圍繞著從阿富汗輸出的暴力極端主義的回歸。北約退出該國以及美國宣布的接觸所謂“超視距”反恐行動的計劃讓許多盟國和專家感到擔憂。
“在地平線上是一個經常被提及的短語，但它沒有一個對每個人都具有相同意義的正式定義。2016 年，這可能意味著可以從卡塔爾或阿拉伯聯合酋長國等海灣國家撤出儲備，以應對襲擊。現在，這意味著跟踪塔利班並根據尚未完全充實的概念進行罷工。在這一點上，沒有人可以知道它可以在多大程度上成功或緩解，”坎貝爾說。
美國在該地區最有可能的反恐新存在將在巴基斯坦，西方本週將訪問巴基斯坦。但巴基斯坦在國家安全問題上的記錄並不好，最近幾天巴基斯坦官員公開批評美國對美國在阿富汗執行後續任務的計劃不夠明確。
“巴基斯坦從來都不是值得信賴的伙伴。20 多年來，他們一直在表裡不一，國家安全領域的許多人將不得不接受這一現實，並且需要小心謹慎。巴基斯坦可以通過交易措施來處理，但請注意，他們還有許多其他地緣政治和內部問題，包括他們與塔利班和中國、其他跨境激進組織的關係，以及與他們自己的叛亂分子打交道，”坎貝爾說，並補充說，美國和北約在該地區的替代方案方面處於落後地位。
中國和俄羅斯一直果斷地與塔利班高層接觸，以衡量它在多大程度上可以保持其在阿富汗的地位，實際治理並成為比過去 20 年美國和北約支持的政府更有成效的合作夥伴年。中俄兩國也在努力防止極端主義和毒品走私對各自國家的影響。中國在阿富汗擁有礦業利益，15年的投資對安全和其他問題幾乎沒有帶來什麼。中國有興趣確保一條通往伊朗和其他地方的陸路，以防發生海軍或其他衝突，限制該地區的水路。卡塔爾還試圖在該領域保持影響力並與巴基斯坦競爭，而沙特和阿聯酋則對塔利班與伊朗的關係感到不安，
After Afghanistan, US trying to mend trust gap with NATO
The United States and its NATO partners are conducting a review of lessons learned from their two-decade operation in Afghanistan
By MIKE WAGENHEIM / THE MEDIA LINE
Published: NOVEMBER 11, 2021 00:17
NATO flag flutters at the Alliance headquarters in Brussels, Belgium,
(photo credit: REUTERS/FRANCOIS LENOIR)
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There is much soul-searching going on in Brussels, as the United States and its NATO partners conduct an ongoing review of lessons learned from their two-decade operation in Afghanistan.
Some experts wonder how far the US and NATO are willing to go in terms of accepting blame for the mission’s failings – not just during the chaotic, hurried evacuation of allied citizens and partners, but over the entirety of the 20-year undertaking. NATO Assistant Secretary-General for Operations John Manza told European Union lawmakers recently that one of the big lessons being discussed by his team is that of mission creep – a gradual shift in objectives during the course of a military campaign, often resulting in an unplanned long-term commitment.
“The desire to build a comprehensive, self-sustaining state proved to be a lot to ask in terms of time and resources. Generally speaking, the first seven or eight years in Afghanistan was an economy of force. In 2003, everything got overwhelmed by the war in Iraq, and Afghanistan never received a lot of strategic attention or resources. It wasn’t until 2008, in the final months of the administration of George W. Bush, that there was a comprehensive review of Afghan strategy. Think about that,” Jason Campbell, a former US Defense Department Country Director for Afghanistan, told The Media Line. Campbell worked out of the office of the defense secretary, serving as the point person on efforts to facilitate an Afghan peace process and engaging with NATO partners and allies contributing to the Resolute Support Mission.
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A conflict that was under-resourced and neglected took a turn following the surge of troops in 2010, directed by then-US President Barack Obama. But, the 375,000-member Afghan National Security Forces built by the US-led coalition wasn’t sustainable, and by that point it was difficult to make changes and admit defeat or failure.
“Over time, the US footprint, along with NATO, began to dissipate. The concurrent effort to develop Afghan institutions, build a robust bureaucracy in a country with minimal experience in that, with a central government that never coalesced into something that represented democracy … it’s obvious for all to see now,” said Campbell.
A TALIBAN member stands guard as Afghan men take pictures of a vehicle from which rockets were fired, in Kabul, Afghanistan, August 30. (credit: STRINGER/ REUTERS)
The review reportedly includes consideration of whether NATO should be willing to take on so-called “out of area missions.” The result of those discussions could have dramatic implications on how the US and its partners deal with China’s expansive ambitions.
“From the US perspective, one of the initial areas of focus is to mend some of the lack of engagement and trust that encapsulated the last few years of American involvement in Afghanistan. It was not as robust as it could have been,” Campbell said.
“When (then-US Secretary of Defense James) Mattis was in place, the US took a forward-leading approach with the alliance, that the US would remain committed, and America pressed for others to do the same. Most did remain and some upped their force levels through 2018,” said Campbell.
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In December 2018, then-US President Donald Trump announced troop draw-downs in Syria and Afghanistan, counter to messages that had been communicated to allies. Mattis resigned shortly thereafter.
“Since then, the perception is that the US was engaging increasingly unilaterally in peace talks, led by (US envoy to the Taliban) Ambassador Zalmay Khalilzad, and that the US was making its own decisions – maybe informing the alliance, but not bringing them along for discussion and deliberation,” Campbell said.
The US is now trying to get out in front of NATO’s strategy toward a Taliban-led Afghanistan
“We are preparing for a next round of inter-agency US engagement with the Taliban. It’s just imperative that allies act and work together effectively when it comes to securing our interests in Afghanistan. It’s also imperative that we work with the region – with Russia, China, Pakistan, Iran and the Central Asian states – on our common and abiding interest in a stable Afghanistan that does not represent a threat to its neighbors, is at peace with itself and respects human rights, women’s rights, the rights of minorities, and so forth,” West told reporters this week.
The most urgent step is to keep the current crisis from turning into a catastrophe, leading to potential mass migration into Europe, which is a troubling thought for many political leaders there. It is one area where the US has leverage and may be able to assist its European partners.
“The Taliban have voiced very clearly and openly their desire to normalize relations with the international community; to see a resumption in aid; to see a return of the international diplomatic community to Kabul; to see sanctions relief. And the United States can deliver none of these things on our own, and we have to work together with the international community in order to see those things come about. But that’s not an insignificant give and take and, again, we just want to first consult with our like-minded allies on exactly what the road map looks like,” West said.
That road map would almost certainly involve an openness by the US to consider unique avenues for provision of humanitarian and other economic aid that, at least in theory, won’t reach the hands of the governing Taliban. West said that the US is considering proposals for the unfreezing of billions of dollars in reserves, along with international monetary agencies delivering regular salaries to Afghan citizens, but that consultations with allies and internally with the US Congress on such proposals are still underway.
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The longer-term concerns, of course, revolve around the return of violent extremism exported from Afghanistan. The NATO withdrawal from the country and the United States’ stated plan to contact so-called “over-the-horizon” counter-terror operations leave many allies and experts worried.
“Over the horizon is a phrase that gets said a lot, but it doesn’t have a formal definition that means the same to everyone. In 2016, that could have meant reserves that could be pulled from Gulf states like Qatar or the United Arab Emirates, that could be pulled to respond to an attack. Now it means tracking the Taliban and carrying out strikes based on a concept that hasn’t fully been fleshed out. It’s at the point where no one can know to what degree it can be successful or mitigating,” said Campbell.
The most likely new US counter-terrorism presence in the region would be in Pakistan, which West is visiting this week. But Pakistan doesn’t have the best track record when it comes to national security issues, and Pakistani officials have publicly criticized the US in recent days for a lack of clarity about America’s plans for its follow-on mission in Afghanistan.
“Pakistan has never been a trusted partner. They’ve been duplicitous for 20-plus years, and many in the national security world would have to come around to that reality and would need to be careful. Pakistan can be dealt with in transactional measures, but be mindful that they have a number of other geopolitical and internal concerns, including their relationships with the Taliban and China, other cross-border militant organizations, and in dealing with their own insurgents,” Campbell said, adding that the US and NATO are on the back foot in terms of alternatives in the region.
China and Russia have been assertive in engaging the senior levels of the Taliban to gauge the degree to which it can retain its stature in Afghanistan, to actually govern and be a more productive partner than the US- and NATO-backed government of the last 20 years. Both China and Russia also are seeking to prevent the impact of extremism and narcotics smuggling on their respective countries. China has mining interests in Afghanistan, and 15 years’ worth of investing has brought little to security and other issues. China is interested in securing a land route to Iran and points beyond in the event of a naval or other conflict that will limit waterways in the region. Qatar is also trying to retain influence and contest Pakistan in that realm, while the Saudis and the UAE are upset about the Taliban’s ties to Iran, leading to a host of geopolitical complications, in addition to the dire humanitarian crisis heading into the brutal Afghanistan winter.
以色列夫婦在土耳其因拍攝總統府而被捕
土耳其當局尚未提供有關逮捕的任何官方信息。這對夫婦目前下落不明。
作者：ANNA BARSKY/MAARIV，耶路撒冷郵局工作人員
發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 11 日 19:52
更新時間： 2021 年 11 月 11 日 22:37
土耳其總統塔伊普·埃爾多安於 2020 年 8 月 7 日在土耳其伊斯坦布爾聖索菲亞大清真寺參加週五祈禱後與媒體交談。
（圖片來源：路透社/穆拉德·塞澤爾/文件照片）
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一對 40 多歲的以色列夫婦最近在伊斯坦布爾拍攝了禁止攝影的大院後被捕。土耳其媒體尚未報導此案，但據一些報導稱，涉案院落是土耳其總統雷傑普·塔伊普·埃爾多安的宮殿。
此案正在由以色列外交部處理，但土耳其當局尚未提供有關逮捕的任何官方信息，因此這對夫婦正式失踪。
根據瓦拉的說法，以色列人——來自莫迪因的雞蛋司機——將他們拍攝的照片發送到了一個家庭 WhatsApp 群組。宮殿的照片顯然是在一艘船從附近經過時拍攝的。
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兩人並不知道在土耳其拍攝大院違反了法律。
在這對夫婦昨晚沒有按計劃返回以色列後，該婦女的家人對她的缺席提出了投訴。
土耳其總統塔伊普·埃爾多安於 2021 年 3 月 4 日在土耳其安卡拉通過視頻鏈接參加了他執政的 AK 黨的會議。（來源：總統新聞辦公室/通過路透社的講義）
“他們的罪行在於在一次無辜的旅行中拍攝了埃爾多安的宮殿，”代表兩人的律師尼爾·賈斯洛維茨 (Nir Jaslowitz) 說。“這是司法要求外交部必須盡其所能確保以色列公民不被拘留在國家邊界之外的罕見情況。”
據 Ynet 稱，艾薩克·赫爾佐格總統的顧問與這對夫婦的家人討論了確保他們獲釋的問題。
“他們的兒子是一個患有自閉症譜系的五歲孩子，”一位家庭成員告訴 Ynet。“他的母親每隔幾個小時就會給他打電話，並通過 Skype 與他交談。現在他很震驚，不停地問“爸爸媽媽在哪裡？” 我們不知道該告訴他什麼，這讓我們心碎。”
N12 的一份報告指出，這對夫婦預計將出現在法官面前，法官可能會下令將他們釋放。消息人士援引伊斯坦布爾警方的話說，這兩人可能會在周五被驅逐回以色列。
Israeli couple arrested in Turkey for photographing presidential palace
Turkish authorities have not provided any official information about the arrest. The couple is currently missing.
By ANNA BARSKY/MAARIV, JERUSALEM POST STAFF
Published: NOVEMBER 11, 2021 19:52
Updated: NOVEMBER 11, 2021 22:37
Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan talks to media after attending Friday prayers at Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey August 7, 2020.
(photo credit: REUTERS/MURAD SEZER/FILE PHOTO)
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An Israeli couple in their 40s was recently arrested in Istanbul after photographing a compound where photography was forbidden. The case has not been reported by Turkish media, but according to some reports, the compound in question is the palace of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.
The case is being handled by the Israeli Foreign Ministry, but Turkish authorities have not provided any official information about the arrest, and therefore the couple is officially missing.
According to Walla, the Israelis – Egged drivers from Modi’in – sent the photos they took to a family WhatsApp group. The picture of the palace was apparently taken as a ship passed nearby.
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The two did not know that photographing the compound violated the law in Turkey.
The woman’s family filed a complaint about her absence after the couple did not return to Israel last night as planned.
Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan attends a meeting of his ruling AK Party via video link in Ankara, Turkey March 4, 2021. (credit: PRESIDENTIAL PRESS OFFICE/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)
“Their crime lies in having photographed Erdogan’s palace during an innocent trip,” said lawyer Nir Jaslowitz, representing the two. “This is the rare case where justice requires that the Foreign Ministry must do everything in its power to ensure that Israeli citizens are not detained outside the state’s borders.”
According to Ynet, President Isaac Herzog’s adviser spoke with the couple’s family about securing their release.
“Their son is a five-year-old on the autistic spectrum,” one family member told Ynet. “His mother would call him every few hours and talk to him on Skype. Now he is in shock and constantly asks ‘Where are Dad and Mom?’ We don’t know what to tell him, and it breaks our hearts.”
A report by N12 states that the couple is expected to come before a judge who will probably order their release. The two are then likely to be deported back to Israel on Friday, according to sources citing Istanbul police.
巴勒斯坦聯合政府的機會有多大？- 分析
巴勒斯坦權力機構主席馬哈茂德·阿巴斯要求團結政府的所有政黨，如哈馬斯，本質上承認以色列的生存權和兩國解決方案。
由哈利·阿布·托梅
發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 11 日 18:25
更新時間： 2021 年 11 月 11 日 18:56
巴勒斯坦總統馬哈茂德·阿巴斯於 2021 年 5 月 25 日在約旦河西岸城市拉馬拉與美國國務卿安東尼·布林肯（未圖示）出席聯合新聞發布會。
（照片來源：ALEX BRANDON/POOL VIA REUTERS）
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巴勒斯坦民族權力機構主席馬哈茂德·阿巴斯再次呼籲組建一個由包括哈馬斯在內的各個團體的代表組成的巴勒斯坦聯合政府。
阿巴斯週四在紀念其前任亞西爾·阿拉法特 (Yasser Arafat) 逝世 17 週年的講話中發出了上述呼籲。
有報導稱，美國政府、埃及和其他各方一直在向巴勒斯坦人施壓，以通過組建聯合政府來結束阿巴斯在約旦河西岸執政的法塔赫派係與加沙地帶的哈馬斯之間的爭端。
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然而，阿巴斯強調，任何願意加入提議的聯合政府的團體都必須承諾遵守所有與以色列-阿拉伯衝突有關的聯合國決議，以及巴勒斯坦人和以色列人簽署的協議。
“在這個痛苦的周年紀念日，在烈士領袖亞西爾·阿拉法特逝世週年紀念日，我們再次堅持我們人民的團結，並呼籲組建一個民族團結政府，其中所有參與的力量都致力於國際巴勒斯坦解放組織承認的合法性，巴勒斯坦人民的唯一合法代表，”阿巴斯說。
1993 年 9 月 13 日，美國總統比爾·克林頓在華盛頓白宮觀看總理伊扎克·拉賓和巴解組織主席亞西爾·阿拉法特在簽署奧斯陸協議後握手。（圖片來源：GARY HERSHORN/REUTERS）
巴解組織對“承認的國際合法性”的承諾是指除了1993年兩黨簽署的奧斯陸協議外，還接受兩國解決方案和承認以色列。
換句話說，阿巴斯要求哈馬斯承認以色列的生存權，並接受《奧斯陸協定》作為加入巴勒斯坦聯合政府的先決條件。他堅持認為哈馬斯支持巴勒斯坦權力機構現任領導層對以色列的政策。
哈馬斯的憲章規定，“以色列將存在並繼續存在，直到伊斯蘭教將它消滅，就像它消滅了之前的其他國家一樣”，不承認以色列的生存權，並拒絕《奧斯陸協定》和與以色列的任何形式的合作。
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總部位於倫敦的沙特報紙Asharq Al-Awsat週四報導稱，美國和一些阿拉伯國家正在努力達成協議，允許哈馬斯加入巴勒斯坦聯合政府。根據該報告，聯合政府的想法是實現以色列和哈馬斯之間長期停戰的更大努力的一部分。
在阿巴斯於 4 月決定取消大選後不久，組建聯合政府的想法就浮出水面。議會選舉原定於 5 月 22 日舉行，而巴勒斯坦權力機構主席的投票定於 7 月下旬舉行。阿巴斯說，由於以色列據稱拒絕允許在耶路撒冷舉行投票，他決定推遲選舉，直至另行通知。
“這不是阿巴斯總統第一次提議與包括哈馬斯在內的所有巴勒斯坦派別建立聯合政府，”該派系議會機構法塔赫革命委員會成員阿卜杜拉·阿卜杜拉說。“任何想要加入聯合政府的團體都必須接受巴勒斯坦權力機構運作所依據的國際決議。”
阿卜杜拉警告說，不接受阿巴斯的條件將導致巴勒斯坦聯合政府遭到國際抵制，主要是因為哈馬斯拒絕承認以色列的生存權和“國際合法性”。
2007年，以哈馬斯領導人伊斯梅爾·哈尼亞為首的巴勒斯坦民族團結政府僅維持了三個月。政府沒有滿足四方、美國、歐盟、俄羅斯和聯合國提出的三個條件：承認以色列、遵守先前的外交協議、放棄暴力。
2014 年，在法塔赫和哈馬斯達成另一項和解協議後，巴勒斯坦人再次組建了一個聯合政府。部長們大多是阿巴斯的忠誠者或獨立人士，哈馬斯沒有官方代表。一年後，在阿巴斯指責哈馬斯阻礙其在加沙地帶的工作後，政府解散。
拉馬拉的另一位法塔赫高級官員表示，他不認為哈馬斯會接受阿巴斯反复提出的加入聯合政府的邀請。“哈馬斯對團結不感興趣，”這位官員告訴耶路撒冷郵報。“哈馬斯希望保持對加沙地帶的控制，甚至希望有一天它會接管西岸。”
哈馬斯領導人和官員對聯合政府的提議作出反應，表示準備結束與法塔赫的爭端，並努力組建新的巴勒斯坦“民族領導層”，但沒有具體接受阿巴斯的條件。
上週援引哈馬斯領導人伊斯梅爾哈尼耶的話說，他的組織尋求“根據新的基金會和政治計劃重建巴勒斯坦領導層”。
哈尼耶還表示願意加入巴解組織，該組織由 11 個派別組成，其中最大的是阿巴斯的法塔赫。哈馬斯拒絕加入巴解組織，除非它經歷重大變革和改革，並看到法塔赫的“霸權”結束。
哈尼耶說，哈馬斯正在尋求的新領導層應該支持對以色列的“民眾抵抗”，並努力將其發展成約旦河西岸的起義。
哈馬斯領導人表示哈馬斯拒絕巴勒斯坦人和以色列簽署的協議，他表示，自簽署奧斯陸協議以來，巴勒斯坦“民族企業”已經衰落。
Haniyeh 補充說，在奧斯陸協議使巴勒斯坦人對抗以色列的選擇非常有限後，國家項目顯著惡化。
本週早些時候，哈馬斯高級官員 Khalil al-Hayya 告訴卡塔爾擁有的半島電視台網絡，巴勒斯坦人“不再接受”巴勒斯坦權力機構。
“巴勒斯坦權力機構已成為巴勒斯坦事業的負擔，”他爭辯道。“需要根據全面的國家願景重新定義其職責。巴勒斯坦領導人需要在代表所有巴勒斯坦人的政治計劃和對抗佔領的機制的基礎上進行改革。”
海亞譴責巴勒斯坦權力機構安全部隊與以色列在西岸的持續安全協調。他認為阿巴斯對西岸和加沙地帶之間的持續分裂負責。
“我們相信夥伴關係，”他說。“這就是哈馬斯不會組建自己的政府的原因。”
一名巴勒斯坦政治分析人士告訴《華盛頓郵報》，他認為美國或任何阿拉伯國家都無法說服法塔赫和哈馬斯共同組成一個統一政府。
這位分析師解釋說：“阿巴斯總統和法塔赫擔心如果與被許多國家指定為恐怖組織的哈馬斯達成協議，他們就會失去西方的財政援助。” “我什至不確定阿巴斯是否真的希望哈馬斯進入他的政府。他不信任哈馬斯，認為他們是騙子、偽君子和恐怖分子，其唯一目標就是接管巴勒斯坦權力機構。”
另一位分析人士表示，哈馬斯對 5 月與以色列的戰爭感到膽子很大，這也是它不准備向阿巴斯做出任何讓步以加入統一政府的原因之一。他指出，哈馬斯還看到民意調查顯示，超過 70% 的巴勒斯坦人希望阿巴斯下台或對巴勒斯坦權力機構的表現不滿意。
“就哈馬斯而言，巴勒斯坦權力機構是一艘正在下沉的船，”分析師補充說。“哈馬斯加入一艘駛向海底的船是愚蠢的。他們更願意坐下來耐心等待，直到船和船長消失。”
What are the chances for a Palestinian unity government? - analysis
PA President Mahmoud Abbas demanded all parties in the unity government, like Hamas, essentially recognize Israel's right to exist and a two-state solution.
By KHALED ABU TOAMEH
Published: NOVEMBER 11, 2021 18:25
Updated: NOVEMBER 11, 2021 18:56
Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas attends a joint press conference with U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken (not pictured), in the West Bank city of Ramallah, May 25, 2021.
(photo credit: ALEX BRANDON/POOL VIA REUTERS)
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Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas renewed his call for the formation of a Palestinian unity government consisting of representatives of various groups, including Hamas.
Abbas made the call in a speech on Thursday marking the 17th anniversary of the death of his predecessor, Yasser Arafat.
The appeal came amid reports that the US administration, Egypt and other parties have been pressuring the Palestinians to end the dispute between Abbas’s ruling Fatah faction in the West Bank and Hamas in the Gaza Strip by forming a unity government.
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Abbas emphasized, however, that any group that is willing to join the proposed unity government must commit to all UN resolutions pertaining to the Israeli-Arab conflict, as well as agreements signed between the Palestinians and Israel.
“On this painful anniversary, the anniversary of the death of the martyr leader Yasser Arafat, we renew our adherence to the unity of our people, and the call to form a government of national unity, in which all participating forces are committed to the international legitimacy recognized by the Palestine Liberation Organization, the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people,” Abbas said.
US PRESIDENT Bill Clinton watches prime minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO chairman Yasser Arafat shake hands after signing the Oslo I Accord, at the White House in Washington on September 13, 1993. (credit: GARY HERSHORN/REUTERS)
The commitment to “the international legitimacy recognized” by the PLO refers to the acceptance of the two-state solution and recognition of Israel, in addition to the Oslo Accords that were signed between the two parties in 1993.
Abbas, in other words, is demanding that Hamas recognize Israel’s right to exist and accept the Oslo Accords as a prerequisite for joining a Palestinian unity government. He insists that Hamas endorse the policies of the current PA leadership toward Israel.
Hamas, whose charter states, “Israel will exist and continue to exist until Islam will obliterate it, just as it obliterated others before it,” does not recognize Israel’s right to exist, and rejects the Oslo Accords and any form of cooperation with Israel.
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The London-based Saudi newspaper Asharq Al-Awsat reported on Thursday that the US and some Arab states were making efforts to reach a deal that would allow Hamas to join a Palestinian unity government. According to the report, the unity government idea is part of a larger effort to achieve a long-term truce between Israel and Hamas.
The idea of forming a unity government surfaced shortly after Abbas’s decision in April to call off the general elections. The parliamentary election was supposed to take place on May 22, while a vote for the PA presidency was scheduled for late July. Abbas said he decided to delay the elections until further notice because of Israel’s alleged refusal to allow the vote to take place in Jerusalem.
“This is not the first time that President Abbas proposes a unity government with all the Palestinian factions, including Hamas,” said Abdullah Abdullah, a member of the Fatah Revolutionary Council, the faction’s parliamentary body. “Any group that wants to join the unity government must accept international resolutions on the basis of which the Palestinian Authority functions.”
Abdullah warned that failure to accept Abbas’s condition would result in an international boycott of the Palestinian unity government, mainly because of Hamas’s refusal to recognize Israel’s right to exist and “international legitimacy.”
In 2007, a Palestinian national unity government headed by Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh lasted for only three months. The government did not meet the three conditions set by the Quartet, the US, European Union, Russia and United Nations: recognizing Israel, abiding by previous diplomatic agreements, and renouncing violence.
IN 2014, the Palestinians again formed a unity government following yet another reconciliation agreement between Fatah and Hamas. The ministers were mostly Abbas loyalists or independents, leaving Hamas with no official representation. The government dissolved a year later after Abbas accused Hamas of obstructing its work in the Gaza Strip.
Another senior Fatah official in Ramallah said he did not expect Hamas to accept Abbas’s recurring invitations to join a unity government. “Hamas is not interested in unity,” the official told The Jerusalem Post. “Hamas wants to maintain its control over the Gaza Strip and is even hoping that one day it will take over the West Bank.”
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Hamas leaders and officials have reacted to the unity government proposal by expressing readiness to end the dispute with Fatah and work toward the formation of a new Palestinian “national leadership” but without specifically accepting Abbas’s condition.
Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh was quoted last week as saying his group seeks the “reconstruction of the Palestinian leadership according to new foundations and political program.”
Haniyeh also expressed readiness to join the PLO, which consists of 11 factions, the largest being Abbas’s Fatah. Hamas has refused to join the PLO unless it undergoes major changes and reforms and sees an end to Fatah’s “hegemony.”
Haniyeh said that the new leadership Hamas is seeking should endorse the “popular resistance” against Israel and work toward developing it into an uprising in the West Bank.
Signaling Hamas’s rejection of signed agreements between the Palestinians and Israel, the Hamas leader said the Palestinian “national enterprise” has declined since the signing of the Oslo Accords.
The national project, Haniyeh added, significantly deteriorated after the Oslo Accords left the Palestinians with very limited options to confront Israel.
Senior Hamas official Khalil al-Hayya told the Qatari-owned Al Jazeera network earlier this week that the PA is “no longer accepted” by the Palestinians.
“The Palestinian Authority has become a burden on the Palestinian cause,” he argued. “Its duties need to be redefined in accordance with a comprehensive national vision. The Palestinian leadership needs to be revamped on the basis of a political program representing all the Palestinians and a mechanism for confronting the occupation.”
Hayya condemned the continued security coordination between the PA security forces and Israel in the West Bank. He held Abbas responsible for the ongoing split between the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
“We believe in partnership,” he stated. “That’s why Hamas will not form its own government.”
A Palestinian political analyst told the Post he does not believe the US or any Arab country would be capable of persuading Fatah and Hamas to sit together in a unity government.
“President Abbas and Fatah are afraid of losing financial aid from the West if they strike a deal with Hamas, which is designated as a terrorist organization by many countries,” the analyst explained. “I’m not even sure that Abbas really wants Hamas in his government. He does not trust Hamas and sees them as liars, hypocrites and terrorists whose only goal is to take over the Palestinian Authority.”
Another analyst said Hamas feels emboldened by the war with Israel in May, and that is one reason why it is not prepared to make any concessions to Abbas in order to join a unity government. Hamas, he noted, also sees public opinion polls that show more than 70% of Palestinians want Abbas to step down or are dissatisfied with the performance of the Palestinian Authority.
“As far as Hamas is concerned, the Palestinian Authority is a sinking ship,” the analyst added. “Hamas would be foolish to join a ship that is headed toward the bottom of the sea. They prefer to sit and wait patiently until the ship and its captain disappear.”
伊斯蘭革命衛隊指揮官：如果以色列發動戰爭，它將以毀滅告終
伊斯蘭革命衛隊空軍司令表示，伊朗無人機已成為伊朗敵人的“眼中釘”。
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發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 11 日 12:14
更新時間： 2021 年 11 月 11 日 17:15
2021 年 11 月，在伊朗阿曼灣沿海地區舉行的名為“Zulfiqar 1400”的伊朗陸軍演習中看到了一架無人機
（圖片來源：塔斯尼姆新聞社）
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據伊朗媒體報導，伊斯蘭革命衛隊(IRGC) 航空航天部隊指揮官阿米爾·阿里·哈吉扎德 (Amir Ali Hajizadeh ) 週四警告說，如果以色列發動衝突，伊朗將“摧毀”它。
“猶太復國主義政權官員知道他們可以成為發起者，但結局在我們身上，”指揮官說。“這項工作的結束是對猶太復國主義政權的破壞，如果他們給我們一個藉口……他們的破壞肯定會在歷史上推進。”
哈吉扎德說，以色列是世界上唯一一個談論自己生存和繼續存在的國家。
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他說：“一個談存在的政權注定要毀滅，這樣的政權不能談及其他國家的毀滅，它發出的威脅主要是為了國內消費。”
伊斯蘭革命衛隊航空航天部隊指揮官稱伊朗的安全為“模範”，稱他不需要談論該國的能力，“因為敵人已經足夠談論伊朗的導彈和防禦能力了。”
在伊朗阿曼灣沿海地區舉行的名為“Zulfiqar 1400”的伊朗陸軍演習中可以看到一架無人機，這張照片拍攝於 2021 年 11 月 7 日（圖片來源：IRANIAN ARMY/WANA/REUTERS）
哈吉扎德指出，世界大國努力將有關伊朗導彈計劃的談判納入重返 JCPOA 核協議的談判，稱伊朗的無人機已成為“他們的眼中釘”，這顯示了該國的實力。
週三，以色列國防軍 OC 砲兵旅準將。Neri Horowitz 表示，未來與加沙地帶的哈馬斯或黎巴嫩真主黨的衝突可能涉及無人機之間的衝突。
“敵人正在加沙地帶和黎巴嫩演變，”霍洛維茨在 UVID 2021 會議上說。“我們必須知道如何區分朋友和敵人，處理敵人的能力。”
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首席砲兵補充說，無人駕駛車輛將在各種行動中與有人部隊一起加入戰鬥，包括攻擊、疏散、安全巡邏、在敵方領土內機動和幫助暴露敵人並讓士兵在所有環境中都能看到和聽到。
霍洛維茨補充說，他認為無人駕駛飛機是“以色列國安全和戰略中的一個要素”，除了已經在砲兵部隊中投入使用的兩個無人機單位之外，第三個單位將在不久的將來建立。
據以色列國防軍發言人單位稱，週一，一枚鐵穹電池向一架從加沙地帶進入大海的哈馬斯無人機發射了一枚導彈。
以色列媒體報導稱，這架小型無人機沒有武裝，正在被用於監視。無人機沒有進入以色列領土。
IRGC commander: If Israel starts a war, it will end with its destruction
The commander of the IRGC's Air Force stated that Iranian drones have become a "thorn in the side" of Iran's enemies.
By TZVI JOFFRE
Published: NOVEMBER 11, 2021 12:14
Updated: NOVEMBER 11, 2021 17:15
A drone is seen during an Iranian Army exercise dubbed 'Zulfiqar 1400', in the coastal area of the Gulf of Oman, Iran, November, 2021
(photo credit: TASNIM NEWS AGENCY)
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Amir Ali Hajizadeh, commander of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps’ (IRGC) Aerospace Force, warned on Thursday that if Israel starts a conflict, Iran will “destroy” it, according to Iranian media.
“The Zionist regime officials know that they can be the initiators, but the end is with us,” said the commander. “The end of this work is the destruction of the Zionist regime, and if they give us an excuse… their destruction will certainly be advanced historically.”
Hajizadeh said that Israel is the only country in the world that talks about its own survival and continued existence.
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“A regime that speaks about its existence is doomed to destruction, and such a regime cannot talk about the destruction of other countries, and the threats it issues are mostly for domestic consumption,” he said.
The IRGC Aerospace Force commander called Iran’s security “exemplary,” saying he did not need to talk about the country’s capabilities “because the enemy is talking enough about Iran’s missile and defense capabilities.”
A drone is seen during an Iranian Army exercise dubbed 'Zulfiqar 1400', in the coastal area of the Gulf of Oman, Iran, in this picture obtained on November 7, 2021 (credit: IRANIAN ARMY/WANA/REUTERS)
Hajizadeh pointed to efforts by world powers to add negotiations concerning Iran’s missile program to the talks on returning to the JCPOA nuclear deal, saying Iran’s drones have become “a thorn in their side,” and that this shows the country’s strength.
On Wednesday, IDF OC Artillery Corps Brig.-Gen. Neri Horowitz said that future conflicts with Hamas in the Gaza Strip or Hezbollah in Lebanon could involve clashes between drones.
“The enemy is evolving in the Gaza Strip and Lebanon,” Horowitz said at the UVID 2021 conference. “We must know how to distinguish between a friend and an enemy and deal with enemy capabilities.”
The chief artillery officer added that unmanned vehicles will join combat alongside manned forces in a variety of operations, including attacks, evacuations, security patrols, maneuvering in enemy territory and helping expose the enemy and allowing soldiers to see and hear in all environments.
Horowitz added that he sees unmanned aircraft as “an element in the security and strategy of the State of Israel,” and that in addition to the two UAV units already operational in the Artillery Corps, a third unit will be established in the near future.
On Monday, an Iron Dome battery fired a missile at a Hamas drone crossing into the sea from the Gaza Strip, according to the IDF Spokesperson’s Unit.
Israeli media reports indicated that the small drone was unarmed and was being used for surveillance. The drone did not enter Israeli territory.
阿拉伯媒體的聲音：德黑蘭的新面孔和新恐懼
每週精選來自世界各地阿拉伯媒體的意見和分析。
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發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 11 日 12:41
1979 年 11 月 4 日，伊朗學生聚集在美國駐德黑蘭大使館。
（圖片來源：維基共享資源）
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德黑蘭的新面孔和新恐懼
Asharq al-Awsat，倫敦，11 月 3 日
當你有做某事的衝動，但同時又為做這件事感到尷尬時，你會怎麼做？這正是伊朗伊斯蘭共和國最高領袖阿亞圖拉阿里哈梅內伊本週面臨的確切問題，因為他正在考慮如何處理他的年度儀式之一，慶祝美國駐德黑蘭大使館被扣押和美國外交官被扣為人質。 1979 年 11 月 4 日。
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在哈桑·魯哈尼 (Hassan Rouhani) 總統的八年任期內，這一場合的慶祝活動逐漸成熟，變成了在舊大使館所在地舉行的小型象徵性聚會，其中包括為國家電視台拍攝的幾張照片。
特別是在過去的兩年裡，許多一直與這種慶祝活動相關聯的突出元素已經消失了。
例如，數十年來一直有來自世界各地（包括美國本身）的反美專業人士參加的年度“沒有美國的世界”研討會被完全從該計劃中刪除。Louis Farrakhan、Oliver Stone、Sean Penn 和其他自恨的美國人沒有被邀請到德黑蘭進行年度朝聖。
同樣，伊朗讀者也沒有再翻譯諾姆·喬姆斯基 (Noam Chomsky) 最新的針對美國的仇恨言論。
伊朗最高領袖阿亞圖拉阿里哈梅內伊於 2021 年 3 月 11 日在伊朗德黑蘭發表電視講話。（來源：哈梅內伊官方網站/通過路透社講義）
其他缺失的事件包括“以色列的終結”研討會，該研討會匯集了來自世界各地的否認大屠殺的人，以及隨之而來的國際反猶漫畫展。
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然而，隨著易卜拉欣·賴西總統的掌權，人們普遍期望其中一些刻薄的儀式會復興。
然而，令人驚訝的是，這並沒有發生。更奇怪的是，伊朗新領導人似乎選擇進一步減少年度慶祝活動。
官員們試圖以多種方式做到這一點。其中包括試圖在“11 月 4 日事件”中附加其他口號，以慶祝“美國大撒旦的恥辱”。這些事件的新名稱包括：1964 年的“伊瑪目霍梅尼流放週年紀念日”（儘管這發生在 11 月 5 日，而不是 4 月）。另一個標題是 1976 年“國王對中小學生和兒童進行大屠殺的日子”，儘管根本沒有發生過類似的事情。
很明顯，賴西幾乎和他的前任一樣決心淡化政府的反美言論。
問題是為什麼？畢竟，現政權的大部分話語都圍繞著前任政府放棄對“大撒旦”的聖戰以換取前總統巴拉克奧巴馬的空洞承諾的說法。
一種解釋是，新政權認為“大撒旦”已經被大大削弱，這一點在其最近從阿富汗撤軍中就清楚地表明了這一點。根據革命衛隊政治宗教政委阿亞圖拉·塔耶布（Ayatollah Tayeb）的說法，今天的美國就像“一頭死驢的屍體，甚至不需要剝皮”。
然而，這種傲慢和炫耀的言論往往會彌補真正的恐懼。
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在這種背景下，首先擔心的是，拜登政府可能並不熱衷於廢除前總統唐納德特朗普奉行的“極限施壓”政策，這種政策將伊斯蘭共和國推向了破產的邊緣。
另一個擔憂是，即使拜登願意，也可能無法解除對伊朗的足夠制裁，特別是因為解除大多數制裁需要得到美國國會的批准，而拜登不能認為這是理所當然的。
另一個擔憂是，拜登可能已經批准以色列對伊朗的核設施採取“有限但果斷的行動”。通過對針對它的軍事行動做出真正的回應，這樣的舉動將迫使該政權越過它堅持了四年的紅線。
因此，拜登的下一步將是決定性的。如果總統太輕易讓步，他可能會給“老德黑蘭”的惡魔注入新的活力。如果他選擇發表空洞的言論，他可能會錯過向那些尋求德黑蘭真正政權更迭的人伸出援助之手的機會。— 阿米爾·塔赫里
不為人知的猶太秘密
科威特，Al-Qabas，11 月 4 日
猶太人和他們的敵人之間，或者更準確地說，猶太人和阿拉伯世界之間存在著巨大的鴻溝。這種差距不僅體現在以色列相對於鄰國的軍事優勢，還體現在其更加進步的文化和良知上。
在地圖上，以色列看起來很容易在幾秒鐘內被鄰國吞沒。然而，很明顯它不會去任何地方。阿拉伯人雖然在這個地區生活了數千年，但分離他們的東西永遠大於團結他們的東西。相比之下，在以色列——絕大多數人口來自無數種族和文化背景——已經形成了統一的文化。以色列人能夠以有限的資源和最嚴酷的條件建立起一個奇蹟般的民族認同。
那麼，以色列的秘密是什麼？
許多人認為穆斯林兄弟會是唯一能夠將中東地區的人民團結在一個共同身份下的意識形態和政治組織，類似於猶太復國主義運動在 1897 年在巴塞爾舉行的第一次猶太復國主義大會上所尋求的行動。半個世紀以來，猶太復國主義運動成功實現了自己的夢想，建立了一個能夠將自己強加於全世界的現代國家。至於兄弟會，它已經嘗試了 90 多年，但一次又一次地失敗了。
猶太復國主義運動的成功和兄弟會運動的失敗歸因於幾個因素。
首先，猶太復國主義者成功地招募了最優秀的科學和政治頭腦來服務和領導他們的事業，而不管這些人是否堅持傳統的猶太思想。這就是兄弟會失敗的地方，因為它的選擇從一開始就很悲慘。兄弟會的本質阻止了任何不堅持該組織的伊斯蘭教觀點的人積極參與其活動。
其次，雖然猶太復國主義運動對其目標持開放態度，但兄弟會總是因其意識形態缺乏透明度而受苦。沒有人真正了解該集團的治理計劃或其最終計劃。我們在埃及、突尼斯和蘇丹統治期間清楚地看到了這一點。
第三，也是最重要的一點，猶太人對科學的歷史興趣以及他們眾所周知的閱讀和學術探究的熱情使他們從一開始就建立了一個擁有強大教育和文化機構的國家。至於兄弟會，近一個世紀以來，它在科學、政治和文化上都證明了自己的無能和失敗。
最後，讓我以這樣的離別感結束：美國著名的皮尤研究中心2016年的一項研究表明，猶太人平均受教育年限為13.4年，其次是基督徒，為9.3年。我不會讓你尷尬地知道我們國家的相同比率是多少。– 艾哈邁德·薩拉夫
阿拉伯世界的陰謀論者
伊蒂哈德，阿聯酋，11月4日
你永遠無法讓陰謀論者相信現實世界的事實，即使你向他們展示書面證據證明他們是錯誤的。陰謀論者的問題不僅在於他們相信的陰謀，還在於他們對世界及其運作方式的看法。
不幸的是，阿拉伯世界有相當多的陰謀論者。而且，根據他們中的許多人的說法，整個西方世界都在爭取穆斯林。“穆斯林”的概念在他們的想像中變成了一塊巨石：一個受到外部敵人迫害的單一群體。不出所料，根據這些理論家的說法，正在發生針對伊斯蘭教和穆斯林的持續陰謀，試圖將他們打倒。
最近，隨著冠狀病毒大流行的爆發，全世界的陰謀論者都受到了極大的推動，並且越來越受歡迎。他們開始散佈有關疫苗、大型製藥公司和政府監控的謠言。
而且，正如預期的那樣，這些理論家的當地伊斯蘭“分支”改編了敘述，以表明穆斯林是 COVID 疫苗接種的最終受害者。據他們說，疫苗——由世界各地科學家、學者和臨床醫生領導的大量科學研究的結晶——只不過是一種旨在毒害無辜穆斯林的秘密武器。
打擊這種無知的唯一方法是促進科學探究和理性思考的文化。與陰謀論者及其成年謊言作鬥爭幾乎是一個失敗的事業。這場戰鬥必須從更早的階段開始，即我們如何教育我們的孩子並教他們批判性地消費知識。那是我們必須做的。– 馬利克·阿爾-烏薩米納
Voices from the Arab press: New faces and new fears in Tehran
A weekly selection of opinions and analyses from the Arab media around the world.
By THE MEDIA LINE
Published: NOVEMBER 11, 2021 12:41
IRANIAN STUDENTS crowd the US Embassy in Tehran, November 4, 1979.
(photo credit: Wikimedia Commons)
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NEW FACES AND NEW FEARS IN TEHRAN
Asharq al-Awsat, London, November 3
What do you do when you feel an urge to do something but, at the same time, you’re embarrassed about doing it? This is the exact question that Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran Ayatollah Ali Khamenei faced this week, as he contemplated how to deal with one of his annual rituals celebrating the seizure of the US Embassy in Tehran and the taking of US diplomats hostage on November 4, 1979.
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During the eight-year tenure of President Hassan Rouhani, the celebration of this occasion mellowed and turned into a small, symbolic gathering at the site of the old embassy, consisting of a few camera shots taken for State TV.
In the past two years, in particular, many of the prominent elements that have always been associated with such a celebration have disappeared.
For example, the annual “A World Without America” symposium, which for decades has been attended by anti-American professionals from all over the world (including from the United States itself), was completely removed from the program. The likes of Louis Farrakhan, Oliver Stone, Sean Penn and other self-hating Americans weren’t invited to make their annual pilgrimage to Tehran.
Similarly, Iranian readers were spared another translation of Noam Chomsky’s latest hate speech against the United States.
Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei delivers a televised speech in Tehran, Iran March 11, 2021. (credit: OFFICIAL KHAMENEI WEBSITE/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)
Among the other missing events was “The End of Israel” symposium that brought together Holocaust deniers from all over the world, and the accompanying international antisemitic cartoon exhibition.
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However, with the rise to power of President Ebrahim Raisi, there was widespread expectation that some of these vitriolic rituals would be revived.
Surprisingly, however, this did not happen. Even stranger, it seems as if the new Iranian leadership chose to reduce the annual celebration even more.
Officials tried to do this in several ways. Among them was an attempt to attach other slogans to the “November 4 events” that were supposed to celebrate “the humiliation of the American Great Satan.” Among the new names given to the events were: “the anniversary of Imam Khomeini’s Exile” in 1964 (even though this happened on the fifth of November, not the fourth). Another title was the “day of the massacre perpetrated by the shah against primary and secondary school students and children” in 1976, although nothing like that happened at all.
It is clear that Raisi is almost as determined as his predecessor to tone down his government’s anti-American rhetoric.
The question is why? After all, a large part of the current regime’s discourse revolves around the claim that the previous government abandoned its jihad against the “Great Satan” in exchange for empty promises from former president Barack Obama.
One explanation is that the new regime believes that the “Great Satan” has already been significantly weakened, as was clearly evident in its recent evacuation from Afghanistan. According to Ayatollah Tayeb, the political-religious commissar of the Revolutionary Guards, the United States today is like “the carcass of a dead donkey that doesn’t even need to be skinned.”
However, such arrogant and ostentatious remarks often compensate for real fear.
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In this context, the first fear is that the Biden administration may not be keen to repeal the policy of “maximum pressure” pursued by former president Donald Trump, which pushed the Islamic Republic to the brink of bankruptcy.
Another fear is that Biden, even if he wanted to, might not be able to lift enough sanctions on Iran, especially since lifting most sanctions requires the approval of the US Congress, which Biden cannot take for granted.
Another concern is that Biden may have given Israel the green light to carry out “limited, but decisive action” against Iran’s nuclear sites. Such a move would force the regime to cross the redline it has adhered to for four decades by providing a real response to military action against it.
Accordingly, Biden’s next step will be decisive. If the president gives in too easily, he may breathe new life into the demons of “old Tehran.” If he chooses to blow out empty statements, he may miss an opportunity to lend a helping hand to those seeking real regime change in Tehran. – Amir Taheri
THE UNHIDDEN JEWISH SECRET
Al-Qabas, Kuwait, November 4
There is a huge gap between the Jews and their enemies or, more precisely, between Jews and the Arab world. This gap is not only represented by Israel’s military superiority over its neighbors, but also in its more progressive culture and conscience.
On the map, Israel looks as if it could easily be swallowed by its neighbors in a matter of seconds. However, it’s clear that it isn’t going anywhere. Although Arabs have lived in this region for thousands of years, what separated them has always been greater than what united them. In contrast, in Israel – where the overwhelming majority of the population immigrated from countless ethnic and cultural backgrounds – a unifying culture has been formed. Israelis were able, with limited resources and under the harshest conditions, to build up a national identity that is nothing short of a miracle.
So, what is Israel’s secret?
The Muslim Brotherhood is considered by many to be the only ideological and political organization capable of uniting people across the Middle East under one joint identity, similar to what the Zionist movement sought to do in the first Zionist Congress held in Basel in 1897. In only half a century, the Zionist movement succeeded in realizing its dream and established a modern state capable of imposing itself on the whole world. As for the Brotherhood, it has been trying for more than 90 years to do the same, but has failed time and again.
The success of the Zionist movement and the failure of the Brotherhood movement are due to several factors.
First, the Zionists succeeded in recruiting the best scientific and political minds to serve and lead their cause, regardless of these individuals’ adherence to traditional Jewish thought. This is what the Brotherhood failed in, as its choices were miserable from the get-go. The very nature of the Brotherhood precludes anyone who doesn’t adhere to the group’s view of Islam to actively take part in its activity.
Second, whereas the Zionist movement was open about its goals, the Brotherhood always suffered from a lack of transparency about its ideology. No one truly knows the group’s plan for governance or its ultimate plans. We saw this clearly during its rule in Egypt, Tunisia and Sudan.
Third, and most important, the historical interest of the Jews in science and their known passion for reading and academic inquiry allowed them to establish a state with strong educational and cultural institutions from day one. As for the Brotherhood, it has proven its inability and failure scientifically, politically and culturally for nearly a century.
Finally, allow me to end with the following parting thought: A study conducted by the well-known American Pew Research Center in 2016 showed that the average Jew has 13.4 years of education, followed by Christians, with 9.3 years. I’ll spare you the embarrassment of knowing what the same rate stands at in our countries. – Ahmad Al-Sarraf
CONSPIRACY THEORISTS IN THE ARAB WORLD
Al-Ittihad, UAE, November 4
You’ll never be able to convince conspiracy theorists of real-world facts, even if you show them written proof that they’re wrong. The problem with conspiracy theorists is not only the conspiracies they believe, but also their perception of the world and how it works.
Unfortunately, the Arab world has its fair share of conspiracy theorists. And, according to many of them, the entire Western world is out to get Muslims. The idea of “Muslims” becomes in their imagination a monolith: a single group persecuted by an external enemy. Unsurprisingly, according to these theorists, there is an ongoing conspiracy taking place against Islam and Muslims in an effort to bring them down.
Recently, with the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic, conspiracy theorists throughout the world enjoyed significant tailwinds and a growing popularity. They began spreading rumors about the vaccines, Big Pharma and government surveillance.
And, as expected, the local Islamist “branch” of these theorists adapted the narrative to suggest that Muslims are the ultimate victims of the COVID vaccinations. According to them, the vaccine – the culmination of tremendous scientific research led by scientists, academics and clinicians across the world – is nothing more than a secret weapon meant to poison innocent Muslims.
The only way to combat this ignorance is by promoting a culture of scientific inquiry and rational thinking. Fighting conspiracy theorists and their lies in adulthood is almost a lost cause. The battle must begin at an earlier stage, with how we educate our children and teach them to consume knowledge critically. That is what we must do. – Malik Al-Uthamina
Translated by Asaf Zilberfarb.
加納議會開始就新的反 LGBT+ 法律舉行公開聽證會
在加納，同性戀已經被判處監禁，新法案將走得更遠，將宣傳和資助 LGBT+ 活動等定為犯罪。
通過路透
發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 11 日 07:51
2019 年 6 月 29 日在北馬其頓斯科普里舉行的第一次同性戀驕傲遊行中可以看到彩虹旗，通常被稱為同性戀驕傲旗或 LGBT 驕傲旗
（圖片來源：路透社/OGNEN TEOFILOVSKI）
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加納的新聞辦公室表示，週四，加納議會將就一項新法律舉行首次公開聽證會，該法律將使同性戀或倡導同性戀權利成為非法行為。
所謂的家庭價值觀法案目前正在提交憲法、法律和議會事務委員會，該委員會表示已收到個人、團體和宗教組織關於該法案的 150 多份備忘錄。
副多數黨領袖亞歷山大·阿芬約-馬爾金說，在該法案付諸表決之前，該委員會預計每週將在一系列公開會議上聽取 10 份請願書。
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在加納，同性戀已經被判處監禁，但多年來沒有人受到起訴。新法案將走得更遠，將宣傳和資助 LGBT+ 活動以及公開秀恩愛、變裝等行為定為犯罪。
加納議會議長阿爾班·巴賓 (Alban Bagbin) 在上個月的開幕詞中承諾，議會將“儘早”通過該法案成為法律。
2021 年 6 月 4 日，因涉嫌在非法集會中宣傳 LGBT+ 議程而被警方拘留的人抵達加納沃爾特地區 Ho 的法院進行保釋聽證會。（來源：REUTERS/FRANCIS KOKOROKO）
聯合國人權專家敦促立法者拒絕它，稱它將建立一個由國家支持的針對性少數群體的歧視和暴力製度。
加納的LGBT+ 權利團體表示，自該法律草案於 8 月出台以來，他們看到恐同攻擊激增。
人權組織 Rightify Ghana 的負責人丹尼·貝迪亞科 (Danny Bediako) 表示，自那時以來，任意逮捕、勒索和驅逐的人數增加了一倍多，如果有人懷疑他們是同性戀，他們就會成為目標。
奧巴馬的豪宅令所有人驚嘆由 Mansion Global 贊助
“我們最擔心的是社區成員的健康和安全，”他告訴路透社。“我從未見過這麼多人想離開這個國家。”
該法案由加納的保守基督教團體推動，該團體已成為非洲 LGBT+ 權利辯論的熱點。
總部位於美國的世界家庭大會 (WCF) 是一個致力於推動全球反同性戀法律和政策的團體，於 2019 年在加納首都阿克拉舉行了一次重要的區域會議。
Ghana parliament begins public hearings on new anti-LGBT+ law
Gay sex is already punishable by prison time in Ghana, the new bill would go much further, criminalizing the promotion and funding of LGBT+ activities and more.
By REUTERS
Published: NOVEMBER 11, 2021 07:51
The rainbow flag, commonly known as the gay pride flag or LGBT pride flag, is seen during the first Gay Pride parade in Skopje, North Macedonia June 29, 2019
(photo credit: REUTERS/OGNEN TEOFILOVSKI)
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Ghana's parliament on Thursday will hold its first public hearing on a new law that would make it illegal to be gay or to advocate for gay rights, its press office said.
The so-called family values bill is currently before the Committee on Constitutional, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs, which said it had received more than 150 memoranda from individuals, groups and faith-based organizations on the bill.
The committee is expected to hear 10 petitions each week in a series of public sessions before the bill is put to a vote, deputy majority leader Alexander Afenyo-Markin said.
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Gay sex is already punishable by prison time in Ghana, but no one has been prosecuted in years. The new bill would go much further, criminalizing the promotion and funding of LGBT+ activities as well as public displays of affection, cross-dressing and more.
Ghana's speaker of parliament, Alban Bagbin, pledged in his opening address last month that parliament would pass the bill into law "at the earliest possible time."
People who were detained by police on suspicion of promoting an LGBT+ agenda at an unlawful assembly arrive at a court for a bail hearing in Ho, Volta Region, Ghana June 4, 2021. (credit: REUTERS/FRANCIS KOKOROKO)
UN human rights experts have urged lawmakers to reject it, saying it would establish a system of state-sponsored discrimination and violence against sexual minorities.
LGBT+ rights groups in Ghana said they have seen a spike in homophobic attacks since the draft law was introduced in August.
Arbitrary arrests, blackmail and evictions have more than doubled since then, with people targeted if they are suspected of being gay, said Danny Bediako, director of the human rights organization Rightify Ghana.
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"Our greatest worry is the health and safety of our community members," he told Reuters. "I have never seen so many people who want to leave the country."
The bill has been promoted by conservative Christian groups in Ghana, which has become a hot spot for the debate on LGBT+ rights in Africa.
The United States-based World Congress of Families (WCF), a group that works to advance anti-gay laws and policies around the world, held a major regional conference in Ghana's capital Accra in 2019.
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