2021.10.31 國際新聞導讀-美英法德領導人關心伊朗是否拖延時間發展核武、伊朗加油站體系遭美以破壞、黎巴嫩與沙烏地爭執未解、蘇丹政變未能化解、以色列開發口服COVID19疫苗藥物

蘇老師講解國際新聞、中東與中亞歷史、中國事務、太空知識的頻道。 Diplomat's daily news review and history research on Middle East and Central Asia, China Affairs and Space Exploration

2021.10.31 國際新聞導讀-美英法德領導人關心伊朗是否拖延時間發展核武、伊朗加油站體系遭美以破壞、黎巴嫩與沙烏地爭執未解、蘇丹政變未能化解
美國，E3警告伊朗危險升級
美國、英國、法國和德國的領導人希望說服德黑蘭停止將鈾濃縮到接近武器級別的水平，並表示他們希望通過談判解決問題。
通過路透社，TOVAH LAZAROFF
2021 年 10 月 30 日 23:36
2021 年 10 月 30 日，在意大利羅馬舉行的 G20 領導人峰會期間，英國首相鮑里斯·約翰遜、法國總統埃馬紐埃爾·馬克龍、德國總理安格拉·默克爾和美國總統喬·拜登在會前合影留念。
（照片來源：KIRSTY WIGGLESWORTH/REUTERS）
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美國和E3（德國，法國和英國）敦促伊朗在週六恢復遵守的，以2015年的核交易“避免危險的升級”。
希望說服德黑蘭停止將鈾濃縮到接近武器級水平的四個國家的領導人表示，他們希望通過談判找到解決方案。
美國總統喬拜登、德國總理安格拉默克爾、法國總統埃馬紐埃爾馬克龍和英國首相鮑里斯約翰遜在羅馬 G20 峰會間隙發表的聯合聲明中表示：“只有伊朗改變路線，這才有可能。”
預計這四位領導人還將參加週日在格拉斯哥舉行的聯合國氣候變化大會（COP26）。
預計總理納夫塔利·貝內特也將出席 COP26。他將在該活動的間隙會見約翰遜和馬克龍。
8 月，總理納夫塔利·貝內特和美國總統喬·拜登在橢圓形辦公室。（信用：喬納森·恩斯特/路透社）
貝內特反對 2015 年的伊朗協議，即所謂的聯合綜合行動計劃 (JCPOA)。
2015 年的核協議在時任美國總統唐納德·特朗普於 2018 年退出後破裂，促使伊朗違反了對鈾濃縮的各種限制。
伊朗最高核談判代表週三表示，伊朗與世界大國之間旨在挽救 4 月開始的協議的談判定於 11 月底恢復。
當被問及他何時希望伊朗談判恢復時，拜登只說“他們計劃恢復”。
一位美國高級官員告訴記者，在 G20 會議上舉行伊朗問題會議是默克爾提議的，目的是讓領導人有機會在恢復會談之前審查這些問題。
在他們的聯合聲明中，四位領導人表示，他們呼籲“[易卜拉欣]賴西總統抓住這個機會，重新真誠地努力結束我們的談判，作為緊急事項。這是避免危險升級的唯一可靠方法，這不符合任何國家的利益。”
他們說，在談話中，他們表達了“嚴重且日益嚴重的擔憂，即雖然伊朗自 6 月以來停止了關於恢復 JCPOA 的談判，但它加快了挑釁性核步驟的步伐，例如生產高濃縮鈾和濃縮鈾”。鈾金屬。
“由於伊朗與國際原子能機構（IAEA）的合作和透明度同時下降，這些步驟只會更加令人擔憂。我們一致認為，伊朗核方面的持續進步和對 IAEA 工作的阻礙將危及重返 JCPOA 的可能性，”領導人表示。
另外，默克爾說：“時間在流逝。伊朗正在開展鈾濃縮活動，這讓我們深感擔憂。”
以色列也同樣擔心伊朗拖延談判以爭取時間，以推進其核野心。
美國財政部表示，週五，美國發布了新一輪與伊朗有關的製裁，該制裁與伊斯蘭革命衛隊的無人機計劃有關，稱該計劃威脅到地區穩定。
美國官員在一份聲明中表示，伊斯蘭革命衛隊一直在提供無人機或無人機供伊朗支持的團體使用，包括黎巴嫩恐怖組織真主黨，以及受危機影響的埃塞俄比亞。
“伊朗在該地區擴散無人機威脅到國際和平與穩定。伊朗及其代理人武裝分子使用無人機攻擊美國軍隊、我們的合作夥伴和國際航運，”美國財政部副部長沃利·阿德耶莫說。“財政部將繼續追究伊朗對其不負責任和暴力行為的責任。”
週五宣布的製裁針對四人，其中包括伊斯蘭革命衛隊準將。美國稱賽義德·阿加賈尼 (Saeed Aghajani) 負責監督航空航天部隊的無人機操作。
財政部的行動還針對兩家公司——Kimia Part Sivan Co. 和 Oje Parvaz Mado Nafar Co.——表示為該計劃採購組件並提供其他援助。
財政部表示，制裁將阻止被指認者接觸受美國管轄的財產，而美國人通常被禁止與被指認者或其被封鎖的財產進行交易。
伊朗外交部發言人賽義德·哈蒂布扎德 (Saeed Khatibzadeh) 告訴該國官方媒體，“實施新的製裁反映了白宮（白宮）表示打算重返核協議並繼續實施制裁的完全矛盾的行為。”
US, E3 warn against dangerous Iran escalation
Leaders of the US, UK, France, and Germany are hoping to convince Tehran to stop enriching uranium to near-weapons-grade levels, say they want a negotiated solution.
By REUTERS, TOVAH LAZAROFF
OCTOBER 30, 2021 23:36
Britain's Prime Minister Boris Johnson, France's President Emmanuel Macron, Germany's Chancellor Angela Merkel and U.S. President Joe Biden pose for a family photo prior to a meeting during the G20 leaders' summit in Rome, Italy October 30, 2021.
(photo credit: KIRSTY WIGGLESWORTH/REUTERS)
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The United States and the E3 (Germany, France and Britain) urged Iran on Saturday to resume compliance with the 2015 nuclear deal in order to “avoid a dangerous escalation.”
Leaders of the four countries, who are hoping to convince Tehran to stop enriching uranium to near-weapons-grade levels, said they wanted a negotiated solution.
“This will only be possible if Iran changes course,” US President Joe Biden, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, French President Emmanuel Macron and British Prime Minister Boris Johnson said in a joint statement they issued on the sidelines of the G20 summit in Rome.
The four leaders are expected to also participate in the UN Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow that starts on Sunday.
Prime Minister Naftali Bennett is also expected to attend COP26. He will meet with Johnson and Macron on the sidelines of that event.
Prime Minister Naftali Bennett and US President Joe Biden in the Oval Office in August. (credit: JONATHAN ERNST/REUTERS)
Bennett is opposed to the 2015 Iran deal, known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA).
The 2015 nuclear deal unraveled after then-US President Donald Trump withdrew from it in 2018, prompting Iran to breach various limits on uranium enrichment.
Talks between Iran and world powers aimed at salvaging the deal, which started in April, are slated to resume at the end of November, the Islamic Republic’s top nuclear negotiator said on Wednesday.
Asked as he went into Saturday’s meeting when he wanted the Iran talks to resume, Biden said only that “they’re scheduled to resume.”
A senior US official told reporters that the meeting on Iran at the G20 gathering had been suggested by Merkel with the aim of giving leaders an opportunity to review the issues ahead of the resumption of the talks.
In their joint statement, the four leaders said they call “upon President [Ibrahim] Raisi to seize this opportunity and return to a good faith effort to conclude our negotiations as a matter of urgency. That is the only sure way to avoid a dangerous escalation, which is not in any country’s interest.”
They said that during their conversation they had shared their “grave and growing concern that, while Iran halted negotiations on a return to the JCPOA since June, it has accelerated the pace of provocative nuclear steps, such as the production of highly enriched uranium and enriched uranium metal.
“These steps have only been made more alarming by Iran’s simultaneously decreased cooperation and transparency with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). We agreed that continued Iranian nuclear advances and obstacles to the IAEA’s work will jeopardize the possibility of a return to the JCPOA,” the leaders stated.
Separately, Merkel said “the clock is ticking. Uranium enrichment is occurring in Iran and this deeply concerns us.”
Israel has similarly been concerned that Iran is playing for time in delaying the negotiations so that it can further its nuclear ambitions.
On Friday the US issued a fresh round of Iran-related sanctions tied to an Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps drone program that it said threatened regional stability, the Treasury Department said.
US officials, in a statement, said the IRGC has been providing UAVs or drones for use by Iran-backed groups, including the Lebanese terror group Hezbollah, and in crisis-hit Ethiopia.
“Iran’s proliferation of UAVs across the region threatens international peace and stability. Iran and its proxy militants have used UAVs to attack US forces, our partners, and international shipping,” Deputy Treasury Secretary Wally Adeyemo said. “Treasury will continue to hold Iran accountable for its irresponsible and violent acts.”
The sanctions announced Friday target four people, including Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Brig.-Gen. Saeed Aghajani, who the US says oversees the UAV operations of the Aerospace Force.
The Treasury Department’s actions also target two companies – Kimia Part Sivan Co. and Oje Parvaz Mado Nafar Co. – that it said procured components for the program and provided other assistance.
The sanctions will block access to property subject to US jurisdiction of the persons designated, while US persons are generally prohibited from engaging in transactions with the designated persons or their blocked property, the Treasury said.
Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman Saeed Khatibzadeh told the country’s state media that “the imposition of new sanctions reflects the completely contradictory behavior of the White House (which) speaks of its intention to return to the nuclear accord and continues to impose sanctions.”
伊朗：以色列和美國可能是加油站網絡攻擊的幕後黑手
與此同時，美國和其他西方大國指責伊朗試圖破壞和闖入他們的網絡。
通過路透
2021 年 10 月 31 日 00:42
網絡攻擊的說明性照片。
（圖片來源：維基共享資源）
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伊朗民防部長周六指責以色列和美國可能是網絡攻擊的罪魁禍首，該網絡攻擊中斷了整個伊斯蘭共和國的汽油銷售，但表示技術調查尚未完成。
負責網絡安全的民防部門負責人 Gholamreza Jalali 在接受國家電視台採訪時說：“我們仍然無法從法醫角度說，但從分析角度來看，我相信這是由猶太復國主義政權、美國人及其代理人實施的。”
伊朗在過去幾年表示，它對網絡攻擊保持高度警惕，並將其歸咎於其死敵美國和以色列。與此同時，美國和其他西方大國指責伊朗試圖破壞和闖入他們的網絡。
總統易卜拉欣·賴西（Ebrahim Raisi）本週表示，網絡攻擊破壞了大量補貼汽油的銷售，旨在製造“混亂”。
週二的中斷發生在伊朗因 2019 年 11 月燃料價格大幅上漲而引發的血腥抗議兩週年之前，抗議者要求該國最高統治者下台，這將政治化轉變為政治。
網絡黑客（說明性）（來源：INGIMAGE）
賈拉利表示，根據已完成的調查，伊朗“確定”美國和以色列是 7 月對伊朗鐵路和 2020 年 5 月對沙希德拉賈伊港發動網絡攻擊的幕後黑手。
伊朗的火車服務在 7 月因明顯的網絡攻擊而延遲，黑客將最高領袖阿亞圖拉·阿里·哈梅內伊辦公室的電話號碼作為尋求信息的號碼。
伊朗國家通訊社 IRNA 週六表示，伊朗 4,300 個加油站中約有一半現已重新連接，並恢復銷售獲得大量補貼的燃料。網絡攻擊發生數小時後，加油站逐漸重新開放，但只能手動操作以銷售更昂貴的燃料。
Iran: Israel, US likely behind gas station cyberattacks
The United States and other Western powers meanwhile have accused Iran of trying to disrupt and break into their networks.
By REUTERS
OCTOBER 31, 2021 00:42
Illustrative photo of a cyberattack.
(photo credit: Wikimedia Commons)
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Iran's civil defense chief on Saturday accused Israel and the United States of being the likely culprits behind a cyberattack that disrupted gasoline sales across the Islamic Republic, but said a technical investigation was yet to be completed.
"We are still unable to say forensically, but analytically I believe it was carried out by the Zionist Regime, the Americans and their agents," Gholamreza Jalali, head of civil defense which is in charge of cybersecurity, told state TV in an interview.
Iran has said in the past few years that it is on high alert for online assaults, which it has blamed on its arch-foes the United States and Israel. The United States and other Western powers meanwhile have accused Iran of trying to disrupt and break into their networks.
President Ebrahim Raisi said this week that the cyberattack, which disrupted the sale of heavily subsidized gasoline, was designed to create "disorder."
The disruptions on Tuesday came ahead of the second anniversary of bloody protests in Iran over a sharp increase in fuel prices in November 2019 that turned political with protesters demanding the country's top rulers step down.
Cyber hacking (illustrative) (credit: INGIMAGE)
Jalali said that, based on completed investigations, Iran was "certain" that the United States and Israel were behind the cyberattacks on Iran's railroads in July and the Shahid Rajaee Port in May 2020.
Iran's train services were delayed in July by apparent cyberattacks, with hackers posting the phone number of Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei's office as the number to call for information.
About half of Iran's 4,300 gas stations were now reconnected and resuming the sale of heavily subsidized fuel, the state news agency IRNA said on Saturday. Hours after the cyberattack, gas stations reopened gradually but could only be operated manually for the sale of more expensive fuel.
大馬士革附近的以色列空襲目標是真主黨據點-敘利亞報導
目標地點包含真主黨和其他伊朗附屬民兵的幾個彈藥庫
通過納坦科夫斯基
2021 年 10 月 30 日 21:20
2018 年 5 月 10 日在敘利亞大馬士革看到導彈射擊。
（圖片來源：REUTERS / OMAR SANADIKI）
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據敘利亞媒體報導，據稱以色列週六對大馬士革的真主黨武器藏匿處進行了罕見的白天空襲。
敘利亞國營SANA通訊社稱，這次空襲在首都周圍引起爆炸，造成至少一名敘利亞武裝部隊士兵死亡，另外三人受傷。
據報導，這些地點包含幾個屬於真主黨和其他伊朗附屬民兵的彈藥庫。
據報導，敘利亞武裝部隊一個師的軍事基地也成為空襲的目標。
這一消息是在以色列針對伊朗在敘利亞代理人的軍事活動增加之際發布的。
2019 年 1 月 21 日，在敘利亞大馬士革上空看到導彈射擊。（圖片來源：SANA/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS）
兩週前，據稱以色列對巴爾米拉附近的敘利亞和伊朗支持的軍隊發動空襲，炸死一名敘利亞士兵。就在一周前，敘利亞防空系統在以色列對霍姆斯附近的T4 空軍基地發動疑似襲擊期間啟動。
與此同時，週六，一架 IAF F-15 戰鬥機護送了一架美國 B-1 重型轟炸機，該轟炸機在飛往波斯灣的途中越過以色列領空。
轟炸機的飛行，通常被稱為“骨頭”，是與美軍在中東地區聯合戰略合作的一部分。
3 月，一架美國空軍 B-52H“同溫層堡壘”轟炸機飛越波斯灣，隨後在以色列發現這架飛機返回其美國基地。
由於美國總統喬拜登正試圖將伊朗伊斯蘭共和國帶回談判桌，同時繼續推進其核能力建設，因此此次飛越可以被解釋為向伊朗傳達的信息。
在相關新聞中，以色列國防軍上周向佛羅里達州坦帕的中央司令部總部派遣了一名軍官，以促進合作。這位前少校軍銜的戰鬥機飛行員將駐紮在坦帕，並將致力於改善以色列和美國軍方之間的協調。作為特朗普政府改組的一部分，這個猶太國家現在屬於中央司令部的管轄範圍。
Israeli airstrikes near Damascus target Hezbollah sites - Syrian reports
The sites targeted contained several ammunition depots of Hezbollah and other Iran-affiliated militias
By NATAN KHODORKOVSKY
OCTOBER 30, 2021 21:20
Missile fire is seen from Damascus, Syria May 10, 2018.
(photo credit: REUTERS/OMAR SANADIKI)
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Israel allegedly carried out a rare daytime airstrike against Hezbollah weapon caches in Damascus on Saturday, Syrian media reported.
The airstrike, which caused explosions around the capital, killed at least one Syrian Armed Forces soldier and wounded three others, Syrian state-run SANA news agency stated.
The sites reportedly contained several ammunition depots belonging to Hezbollah and other Iran-affiliated militias, reports state.
The military site of a Syrian Armed Forces division was also reportedly targeted in the airstrikes.
The news comes amid increasing Israeli military activity targeting Iranian proxies in Syria.
Missile fire is seen over Damascus, Syria January 21, 2019. (credit: SANA/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)
Two weeks ago, an alleged Israeli airstrike targeted Syrian and Iranian-backed forces near Palmyra, killing a Syrian soldier. Just a week earlier, Syrian air defenses were activated during a suspected Israeli strike on the T4 airbase near Homs.
Meanwhile on Saturday, an IAF F-15 fighter jet escorted an American B-1 heavy bomber that crossed over Israeli airspace on its way to the Persian Gulf.
The flight of the bomber, commonly called the “bone,” was part of the joint strategic cooperation with US forces in the Middle East.
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In March, a United States Air Force B-52H “Stratofortress” bomber flew over the Persian Gulf before the plane was spotted in Israel heading back to its US base.
The flyover could be construed as a message to Iran, as US President Joe Biden is undertaking attempts to bring the Islamic Republic back to the negotiating table as it continues its advancement towards nuclear capabilities.
In related news, the IDF dispatched an officer to CENTCOM headquarters in Tampa, Florida, last week to boost cooperation. The former fighter pilot with the rank of major will be stationed in Tampa and will work to improve coordination between Israel and the US military. The Jewish state now falls under CENTCOM’s jurisdiction as part of a reshuffling by the Trump administration.
沙特-黎巴嫩外交危機惡化，特使被驅逐，進口被禁止
裂痕有擴大到更多海灣國家的風險，巴林也要求黎巴嫩大使在沙特做出決定後不久離開。
通過路透
2021 年 10 月 30 日 00:47
在黎巴嫩北部阿卡的油箱爆炸現場附近，一名黎巴嫩陸軍士兵站崗
（照片來源：奧馬爾·易卜拉欣/路透社）
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沙特阿拉伯命令黎巴嫩駐該國大使在 48 小時內離開，並禁止所有黎巴嫩進口，以回應黎巴嫩部長對沙特領導的對也門軍事干預的批評評論。
外交破裂使黎巴嫩內閣陷入進一步的危機，因為它試圖為其疲軟的經濟爭取阿拉伯人的支持。
據沙特國家通訊社 SPA 報導，沙特阿拉伯還召回了其駐黎巴嫩大使進行磋商。
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利雅得的決定是在卡塔爾半島電視台網絡附屬的一個在線節目播出對信息部長喬治·科達希的採訪後幾天做出的。
科爾達希在 8 月 5 日發表的評論中稱這場戰爭是徒勞的，稱也門遭到侵略，其與伊朗結盟的胡塞武裝正在為自己辯護。
沙特阿拉伯阿西爾地區 Al-Soudah（來源：marviikad，CC BY-SA 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0，來自 Wikimedia Commons）
這場爭端是對納吉布·米卡蒂總理內閣的最新挑戰，該內閣已經在圍繞貝魯特港口爆炸調查的一排中陷入政治癱瘓。
裂痕有擴大到更多海灣國家的風險，巴林也要求黎巴嫩大使在沙特做出決定後不久離開。
米卡蒂在周五晚上與科達希的電話中，要求他將國家利益放在首位，並“做出正確的決定來解決阿拉伯與黎巴嫩的關係”，其辦公室的一份聲明說。
提高員工對 GrabFood for Business 膳食計劃的滿意度。由 Grab 贊助
了解此事的消息人士告訴路透社，沙特的局勢升級正在給 Kordahi 施加壓力，要求他辭職以避免進一步的後果。
米卡蒂早些時候重申了他的政府對與沙特阿拉伯建立良好關係的承諾，並呼籲阿拉伯夥伴將最新的危機拋諸腦後，但沒有宣布採取具體行動來補救危機。
聲明說：“我們還呼籲兄弟般的阿拉伯領導人努力工作並幫助克服這場危機，以保持阿拉伯的凝聚力。”
Kordahi 曾表示，該節目是在他上任前近一個月錄製的，他不會因此事件而辭職。
米卡蒂一直希望改善與海灣阿拉伯國家的關係，由於伊朗支持的什葉派真主黨在貝魯特施加影響，這些國家多年來一直處於緊張狀態。
SPA 發表的聲明說：“恐怖主義真主黨對黎巴嫩國家決策的控制使黎巴嫩成為為那些不希望黎巴嫩及其人民幸福的國家實施項目的舞台。”
真主黨週四發表聲明讚揚科達希的評論。
4 月，沙特阿拉伯禁止從黎巴嫩進口所有水果和蔬菜，理由是毒品走私增加。
該禁令加劇了黎巴嫩的經濟困境，黎巴嫩已經處於現代最嚴重的金融危機之一的陣痛之中。
Jerusalem Post
Middle East
Saudi-Lebanon diplomatic crisis worsens as envoy expelled, imports banned
The rift risks widening to more Gulf states with Bahrain also asking Lebanon's ambassador to leave shortly after the Saudi decision.
By REUTERS
OCTOBER 30, 2021 00:47
A Lebanese army soldier stands guard near the site of a fuel tank explosion in Akkar, in northern Lebanon
(photo credit: OMAR IBRAHIM / REUTERS)
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Saudi Arabia ordered the Lebanese ambassador to the kingdom to leave within 48 hours on Friday and banned all Lebanese imports in response to critical comments made by a Lebanese minister about the Saudi-led military intervention in Yemen.
The diplomatic rupture throws Lebanon's cabinet into further crisis as it tries to rally Arab support for its ailing economy.
Saudi Arabia also recalled its ambassador to Lebanon for consultations, the Saudi state news agency SPA reported.
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Riyadh's decision comes days after an interview with Information Minister George Kordahi was aired by an online show affiliated with Qatar's al Jazeera network.
Kordahi, in comments made on August 5, called the war futile, said Yemen was subjected to aggression and that its Iran-aligned Houthis were defending themselves.
Al-Soudah, Asir Region, Saudi Arabia (credit: marviikad, CC BY-SA 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0, via Wikimedia Commons)
The dispute is the latest challenge to Prime Minister Najib Mikati's cabinet which is already in political paralysis over a row around the Beirut port blast probe.
The rift risks widening to more Gulf states with Bahrain also asking Lebanon's ambassador to leave shortly after the Saudi decision.
Mikati, in a phone call with Kordahi on Friday evening, asked him to put the national interest first and "take the right decision to fix Arab relations with Lebanon," a statement by his office said.
Sources with knowledge of the matter had told Reuters the Saudi escalation was piling pressure on Kordahi to resign in order to avert further consequences.
Mikati earlier reiterated his government's commitment to good relations with Saudi Arabia and called for Arab partners to put the latest crisis behind them but stopped short of announcing concrete action to remedy the crisis.
"We also appeal brotherly Arab leaders to work and help to overcome this crisis in order to preserve Arab cohesion," the statement said.
Kordahi has said the show was recorded nearly a month before he took office and he would not resign over the incident.
Mikati has been hoping to improve ties with Gulf Arab states which have been strained for years because of the influence wielded in Beirut by the Iran-backed Shi'ite group Hezbollah.
"The control of the terrorist Hezbollah on the decision-making of the Lebanese state made Lebanon an arena for implementing projects for countries that don't wish Lebanon and its people well," the statement carried by SPA said.
Hezbollah issued a statement praising Kordahi's comments on Thursday.
In April, Saudi Arabia banned all fruit and vegetable imports from Lebanon blaming an increase in drug smuggling.
The ban added to the economic woes of Lebanon, already in the throes of one of the modern times' deepest financial crises.
蘇丹人準備在全國范圍內抗議軍事政變
本周至少有 11 名抗議者在與安全部隊的衝突中喪生，軍政府的反對者擔心會遭到全面鎮壓和更多流血事件。
通過路透
2021 年 10 月 30 日 02:10
2021 年 10 月 25 日，在蘇丹喀土穆，信息部稱之為軍事政變期間，路障被點燃
（照片來源：路透社/EL TAYEB SIDDIG）
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蘇丹軍事政變的反對者周六呼籲全國舉行抗議活動，要求恢復文職領導的政府，使該國在數十年的專制統治後重新走上民主之路。
本週，成千上萬的蘇丹人已經走上街頭，反對由阿卜杜勒·法塔赫·布爾汗將軍領導的政變，他在一場政變中解散了總理阿卜杜拉·哈姆多克的內閣，這場政變導致西方國家凍結了數億美元的援助。
本周至少有 11 名抗議者在與安全部隊的衝突中喪生，軍政府的反對者擔心會遭到全面鎮壓和更多流血事件。
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“軍隊應該回到軍營，把領導權交給哈姆多克，”一名自稱穆罕默德的活動人士說，他計劃抗議。“我們的要求是一個平民國家，一個民主國家，僅此而已。”
呼籲恢復由文職領導的政府的美國表示，軍隊週六的反應將是對其意圖的考驗。
一位不願透露姓名的國務院高級官員對記者說：“我們呼籲安全部隊不要對抗議者採取任何和所有暴力行為，並充分尊重公民和平示威的權利。”
由於當局限制互聯網和電話線路，政變反對者試圖通過傳單、短信、塗鴉和社區集會來動員抗議活動。
2021 年 6 月 3 日，蘇丹人在蘇丹喀土穆參加了反對快速支援部隊的遊行，他們指責後者襲擊了在 2019 年革命期間在國防部門外紮營的抗議者。（圖片來源：REUTERS/MOHAMED NURELDIN ABDALLAH )
儘管主要政客被捕，但自 2018 年 12 月開始反對被罷免的總統奧馬爾·巴希爾的起義以來，以社區為基礎的抵抗委員會一直是組織的核心。
改變觀點……好奇心！未來談話播客：收聽我們的專家嘉賓探索好奇心如何推動科學和技術進步。#總是好奇默克贊助
掌管蘇丹近三年的巴希爾在數月反對他的統治的抗議活動後被軍隊罷免。
喀土穆委員會活動家 Hussam Ibnauf 表示，抗議日期已經廣為宣傳，他對投票人數充滿信心。
“街上的每個人……他們都知道 10 月 30 日。如果他們知道，剩下的就容易了，”他說。
他說，現在“沒有恐懼因素”。
無債務減免
布爾漢曾表示，在文職政客煽動對武裝部隊的敵意後，他解散了內閣以避免內戰。
他說他仍然致力於民主過渡，包括 2023 年 7 月的選舉。
週一，當士兵們圍捕政府時，經濟學家哈姆多克最初被關押在布爾汗的住所，但周二被允許在看守下回家。
然而，美國國務院官員表示，他仍被軟禁，無法恢復工作。
這位美國官員表示，只要軍隊試圖單方面指揮蘇丹，蘇丹尋求的數百億美元的債務減免就不會發生。美國和世界銀行已經凍結了對蘇丹的援助，蘇丹因經濟危機導致食品和藥品等基本物資短缺，近三分之一的人口需要緊急人道主義援助。
已經出現了一些調解努力，但沒有跡象表明在妥協方面取得進展。
一位西方外交官說，在被拘留者獲釋之前，西方國家不打算與軍方接觸或調解任何談判，並且軍隊表現出對過渡憲法聲明中規定的權力分享的承諾。
自 1956 年獨立以來，蘇丹發生了幾次政變，許多反對政變的蘇丹人反對與一支他們非常不信任的軍隊達成妥協。
在最近的接管之前，文職政府和軍隊之間的摩擦一直在加劇。緊張局勢之一是為 2000 年代達爾富爾的暴行尋求正義，國際刑事法院要求蘇丹交出巴希爾。
“所有接受或參與與軍方對話的人都沒有得到街頭的支持，”蘇丹專業人員協會在一份聲明中說，要求將權力完全移交給平民。
政治分析家馬格迪·埃爾·吉祖利 (Magdi El Gizouli) 表示，布爾汗的計算是，如果需要，他可以用武力鎮壓反對派，同時依靠渴望穩定的人的支持。
他補充說，雖然軍隊在周六避免暴力很重要，但布爾汗的反對者必須提出現實的要求。
國際特赦組織表示，蘇丹當局必須阻止安全部隊使用不必要的武力。
國際特赦組織在一份聲明中說：“蘇丹的軍事領導人……一定不要誤會：全世界都在關注，不會容忍進一步的流血事件。”
Sudanese set for nationwide protests against military coup
With at least 11 protesters killed in clashes with security forces this week, opponents of the junta fear a full-blown crackdown and more bloodshed.
By REUTERS
OCTOBER 30, 2021 02:10
A road barricade is set on fire during what the information ministry calls a military coup in Khartoum, Sudan, October 25, 2021
(photo credit: REUTERS/EL TAYEB SIDDIG)
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Opponents of a military coup in Sudan have called for nationwide protests on Saturday to demand the restoration of a civilian-led government to put the country back on a path to democracy after decades of authoritarian rule.
Thousands of Sudanese have already taken to the streets this week against the coup led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, who dissolved Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok's cabinet in a coup that has led Western states to freeze hundreds of millions in aid.
With at least 11 protesters killed in clashes with security forces this week, opponents of the junta fear a full-blown crackdown and more bloodshed.
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"The army should go back to its barracks and give the leadership to Hamdok," said an activist who gave his name as Mohamed, who plans to protest. "Our demand is a civilian country, a democratic country, nothing less than that."
The United States, which is calling for the restoration of the civilian-led government, said how the army reacts on Saturday will be a test of its intentions.
"We call on the security forces to refrain from any and all violence against protesters and to fully respect the citizens' right to demonstrate peacefully," said a senior State Department official, briefing reporters on condition of anonymity.
With internet and phone lines restricted by the authorities, opponents of the coup have sought to mobilize for the protest using fliers, SMS messages, graffiti, and neighborhood rallies.
Sudanese take part in a march against the Rapid Support Forces, who they blame for a raid on protesters who had camped outside the defense ministry during the 2019 revolution, in Khartoum, Sudan, June 3, 2021. (credit: REUTERS/MOHAMED NURELDIN ABDALLAH)
Neighborhood-based resistance committees, active since the uprising against deposed President Omar al-Bashir that began in December 2018, have been central to organizing despite the arrests of key politicians.
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Bashir, who ran Sudan for nearly three decades, was deposed by the army following months of protests against his rule.
Khartoum committee activist Hussam Ibnauf said the protest date had been well-advertised and he was confident of a big turnout.
"Everyone on the street … they know about October 30. If they know, the rest is easy," he said.
There was now "no fear factor," he said.
NO DEBT RELIEF
Burhan has said he removed the cabinet to avert civil war after civilian politicians stoked hostility to the armed forces.
He says he is still committed to a democratic transition, including elections in July 2023.
Hamdok, an economist, was initially held at Burhan's residence when soldiers rounded up the government on Monday, but was allowed to return home under guard on Tuesday.
The US State Department official said he was, however, still under house arrest and unable to resume his work.
The US official said tens of billions of dollars of debt relief sought by Sudan would not happen as long as the army was attempting to direct Sudan unilaterally. The United States and the World Bank have already frozen assistance to Sudan, where an economic crisis has seen shortages of basic goods including food and medicine and where nearly a third of the population are in need of urgent humanitarian support.
Several mediation efforts have emerged but there has been no sign of progress towards a compromise.
Western states are not looking to engage with the military or mediate any negotiation until detainees are released and the army shows commitment to power-sharing as set out in a transitional constitutional declaration, a Western diplomat said.
Many Sudanese opponents of the coup oppose a compromise with an army of which they are deeply mistrustful following several coups since independence in 1956.
Friction had been mounting between the civilian government and the army leading up to the latest takeover. One point of tension had been the pursuit of justice for alleged atrocities in Darfur in the 2000s, with the International Criminal Court asking Sudan to hand over Bashir.
"All those who accept or participate in dialog with the military do not have the street's support," the Sudanese Professionals Association said in a statement, demanding full handover of power to civilians.
Magdi El Gizouli, a political analyst, said Burhan's calculation is that he can suppress the opposition by force if needed, while counting on the backing of people who crave stability.
While it was important the army avoid violence on Saturday, Burhan's opponents must make realistic demands, he added.
Amnesty International said the Sudanese authorities must stop the security forces from using unnecessary force.
"Sudan's military leaders … must make no mistake about it: the world is watching and will not tolerate further bloodshed," Amnesty said in a statement.
也門亞丁機場附近發生爆炸至少六人死亡
目前尚不清楚也門機場附近的爆炸是否是蓄意襲擊。
通過路透
2021 年 10 月 30 日 21:18
安全人員在也門亞丁亞丁國際機場外檢查爆炸現場。
（照片來源：OSAMA AL-MAHRAMI / 路透社）
廣告
一名高級安全消息人士和一名醫療消息人士告訴路透社，週六也門南部港口城市亞丁國際機場入口附近發生爆炸，造成至少 6 人死亡，約 20 人受傷，但尚不清楚事件是否發生是一次攻擊。
一名機場官員說，一輛小卡車在機場外門爆炸，而一名當地官員和兩名安全消息人士說，這輛車載有石油產品。
爆炸聲很強烈，整個城市都能聽到。附近居民的窗戶被砸碎。
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亞丁是也門國際公認政府的臨時住所，作為沙特阿拉伯支持的聯盟的一部分，該政府一直在與與伊朗結盟的胡塞組織作戰大約七年。
但多年來，亞丁政府與南部分離主義團體之間的緊張局勢也在醞釀之中。
人們在也門亞丁亞丁國際機場外的爆炸現場看著著火的汽車。（來源：OSAMA AL-MAHRAMI/REUTERS）
政府和南方過渡委員會（STC）是沙特領導的聯盟名義上的盟友。
本月早些時候，亞丁發生了一起汽車炸彈襲擊，目標是一支搭載該市州長（一名 STC 成員）的車隊，造成至少 6 人死亡，多人受傷。州長活了下來。
2020 年 12 月對亞丁機場的襲擊造成至少 22 人死亡。聯合國專家小組的一項調查發現，胡塞武裝對使用導彈的襲擊負責。
南部的不穩定使聯合國領導的結束也門戰爭的和平努力變得複雜，這場戰爭已造成數万人死亡，80% 的人口需要幫助。
Explosion near Yemen's Aden airport kills at least six
It is not clear if the explosion near Yemen's airport was a deliberate attack.
By REUTERS
OCTOBER 30, 2021 21:18
Security personnel inspect the site of an explosion outside Aden international airport in Aden, Yemen.
(photo credit: OSAMA AL-MAHRAMI/REUTERS)
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An explosion near the entrance to the international airport of Yemen's southern port city of Aden on Saturday resulted in at least six deaths and around 20 injured, a senior security source and a medical source told Reuters, but it was not clear whether the incident was an attack.
An airport official said a small truck blew up at an outer gate to the airport, while a local official and two security sources said the vehicle was carrying petroleum products.
The blast was strong and was heard across the city. Nearby residents' windows were smashed.
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Aden is the temporary home of Yemen's internationally-recognized government, which has as part of a coalition backed by Saudi Arabia been fighting the Iran-aligned Houthi group for around seven years.
But tensions have also for years simmered within Aden itself between the government and southern separatist groups.
People look at cars on fire at the site of an explosion outside Aden international airport in Aden, Yemen. (credit: OSAMA AL-MAHRAMI/REUTERS)
The government and the Southern Transitional Council (STC) are nominal allies under the Saudi-led coalition.
Earlier this month a car bomb in Aden targeting a convoy carrying the city's governor - an STC member - killed at least six people and wounded others. The governor survived.
A December 2020 attack on Aden airport killed at least 22 people. An investigation by a UN team of experts found the Houthis responsible for the attack that used missiles.
Instability in the south complicates United Nations-led peace efforts to end the war in Yemen, which has killed tens of thousands of people and left 80% of the population needing help.
以色列的口服 COVID 疫苗在南非獲得批准進行試驗
“口服 COVID-19 疫苗將消除快速、大規模分發的障礙，使人們能夠自己接種疫苗。”
作者：瑪雅·賈夫·霍夫曼
2021 年 10 月 30 日 20:03
說明照片顯示了 2019 年 8 月 9 日在比利時布魯塞爾的原始包裝中的各種藥丸。
（圖片來源：REUTERS/YVES HERMAN）
廣告
以色列的 Oravax Medical 週五宣布，它已獲得南非健康產品監管局的批准，開始招募志願者進行其新型口服 COVID-19疫苗的I 期臨床試驗。
Oravax Medical 是 Oramed Pharmaceuticals 的子公司，由以色列首席執行官 Nadav Kidron 經營。該公司是基於耶路撒冷哈達薩大學醫學中心開發的技術成立的。
“我們相信Oravax 的口服 COVID-19候選疫苗可以為COVID-19大流行提供令人興奮的潛在解決方案，無論是作為助推器還是未接種疫苗的人，” Kidron 說。“口服 COVID-19 疫苗將消除快速、大規模分發的幾個障礙，可能使人們能夠在家中自行接種疫苗。”
COVID-19 復甦以富國和窮國之間的不平等為標誌
他表示，在I期試驗後，公司有意直接進入II/III期試驗，並呼籲相關國家緊急使用批准。
第一階段試驗的一部分也應該在以色列進行，但該公司正在等待衛生部的最終批准。
Oravax Medical 疫苗基於 Oramed 的“POD”口服給藥技術和 Premas 的疫苗技術。Oramed 的技術可用於口服多種基於蛋白質的療法，否則這些療法將通過注射給藥。自 3 月以來，Premas 一直致力於開發針對新型冠狀病毒的疫苗。
Oramed Pharmaceuticals 首席執行官 Nadav Kidron（圖片來源：對方提供）
Kidron 說，Oravax 候選疫苗針對的是新型冠狀病毒的三種結構蛋白，而不是目前 Moderna 和輝瑞疫苗針對的單一刺突蛋白。
因此，“這種疫苗應該對 COVID-19 變體更具抵抗力，”他說。“即使病毒通過一條線，還有第二條線，如果通過第二條線，還有第三條線。”
Israel's oral COVID vaccine gets greenlight for trial in South Africa
“An oral COVID-19 vaccine would eliminate barriers to rapid, wide-scale distribution, enabling people to administer the vaccine themselves."
By MAAYAN JAFFE-HOFFMAN
OCTOBER 30, 2021 20:03
Illustrative photo shows various medicine pills in their original packaging in Brussels, Belgium August 9, 2019.
(photo credit: REUTERS/YVES HERMAN)
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Israel’s Oravax Medical announced Friday that it has received clearance from the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority to begin enrolling volunteers for a Phase I clinical trial of its novel oral COVID-19 vaccine.
Oravax Medical is the subsidiary of Oramed Pharmaceuticals, run by Israeli CEO Nadav Kidron. The company was founded based on technology developed by Jerusalem’s Hadassah-University Medical Center.
“We believe that Oravax’s oral COVID-19 vaccine candidate could offer an exciting potential solution to the COVID pandemic, whether as a booster or for the unvaccinated,” Kidron said. “An oral COVID-19 vaccine would eliminate several barriers to rapid, wide-scale distribution, potentially enabling people to administer the vaccine themselves at home.”
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He said that following the Phase I trial, it is the company’s intention to move directly into a Phase II/III trial and an appeal for an emergency use approval in relevant countries.
Part of the Phase I trial is also supposed to take place in Israel, but the company is waiting on final approval from the Health Ministry.
The Oravax Medical vaccine is based on Oramed’s “POD” oral delivery technology and Premas’s vaccine technology. Oramed’s technology can be used to orally administer a number of protein-based therapies, which would otherwise be delivered by injection. Premas has been working on developing a vaccine against the novel coronavirus since March.
Oramed Pharmaceuticals CEO Nadav Kidron (credit: Courtesy)
The Oravax vaccine candidate targets three structural proteins of the novel coronavirus, as opposed to the single spike protein targeted by the current Moderna and Pfizer vaccines, Kidron said.
As such, “this vaccine should be much more resistant to COVID-19 variants,” he said. “Even if the virus gets through one line, there is a second line, and if through the second line, there is a third.”
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