2021.10.27 國際新聞導讀-伊朗全國加油站系統遭駭客攻擊、蘇丹政變情況未變、土耳其總統原諒10國大使不驅逐了、以色列允許一個德魯士城鎮升格為城市、納唐雅胡參觀市場向支持者致意、以色列處理流浪貓問題爭議、以色列與歐盟科學計畫重啟但不包括西岸佔領區

蘇老師講解國際新聞、中東與中亞歷史、中國事務、太空知識的頻道。 Diplomat's daily news review and history research on Middle East and Central Asia, China Affairs and Space Exploration

2021.10.27 國際新聞導讀-伊朗全國加油站系統遭駭客攻擊、蘇丹政變情況未變、土耳其總統原諒10國大使不驅逐了、以色列允許一個德魯士城鎮升格為城市、納唐雅胡參觀市場向支持者致意、以色列處理流浪貓問題爭議、以色列與歐盟科學計畫重啟但不包括西岸佔領區
據報導，伊朗加油站遭到大規模網絡攻擊
伊朗的黑客向伊朗最高領袖阿亞圖拉阿里哈梅內伊提出要求，“天然氣在哪裡？”
作者：尤娜傑瑞米鮑勃
2021 年 10 月 26 日 21:41
網絡黑客（示例）
（照片來源：INGIMAGE）
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據伊朗官方媒體報導，伊朗各地的加油站週二發生故障，據報導是由於大規模網絡攻擊造成的。
由於細節仍然模糊，人們普遍猜測所謂的襲擊是來自美國、以色列還是來自伊朗當地的反政府組織。
據報導，一些被黑客入侵的系統中發布了消息，直接向伊朗最高領袖阿亞圖拉阿里哈梅內伊提出要求，並要求知道，“天然氣在哪裡？” 此次襲擊發生在 2019 年秋季全國因天然氣短缺而引發的抗議活動兩年後。
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“加油站加油系統的中斷……在過去幾個小時內，是由網絡攻擊造成的，”國家廣播公司 IRIB 說。“技術專家正在解決問題，很快加油過程……將恢復正常。”
據石油部新聞社 SHANA 報導，石油部表示，只有使用智能卡銷售更便宜的配給汽油才會受到干擾，客戶仍然可以以更高的價格購買燃料。
伊朗天然氣價格 298.88（來源：美聯社）
上週，伊朗對駐敘利亞的美軍進行了複雜而協調的打擊，使用多達五架武裝無人機襲擊了約旦-伊拉克邊境附近關鍵戰略要地的坦夫駐軍。
這次襲擊是對美軍的一系列無人機襲擊中的最新一次。
在周一的新聞發布會上，美國伊朗問題特使羅伯·馬利提到美國可能採取行動阻止伊朗在該地區的侵略，儘管他拒絕詳細說明這些行動可能是什麼。
迄今為止，美國被認為是世界上最強大的網絡強國，但由於擔心遭到網絡報復，它往往不願使用其攻擊性網絡能力來打擊 ISIS 以外的組織。
在特朗普政府期間，美國確實入侵了伊朗的某些主要情報海基行動，以使伊斯蘭共和國停止攻擊美國的海上盟友。
但拜登政府迄今尚未這樣做，因為它專注於建立善意，以共同回歸 2015 年的核協議 JCPOA。
據報導，以色列於 2020 年 5 月 9 日入侵了伊朗的 Shahid Rajaee 港口，作為對伊朗上個月試圖對以色列供水系統進行網絡攻擊的反擊。
伊朗還指責摩薩德、美國和歐洲情報機構在 2009-2010 年期間使用 STUXNET 病毒入侵其納坦茲核設施。
前 Shin Bet（以色列安全局）網絡官員 Harel Menashri 告訴 KAN 電台，要在周二完成如此廣泛而成功的攻擊，黑客很有可能必須是民族國家的演員。
然而，最近幾個月也表明，業餘黑客可以通過複雜的勒索軟件和其他手段對美國和歐洲列強造成重大破壞，而哈梅內伊政權在伊朗的眾多少數民族中有許多地方敵人。
8 月，Check Point Software Technologies 發布了一份報告，稱一個名為 Indra 的伊朗持不同政見組織，而不是以色列，於 7 月 9 日在伊斯蘭共和國的火車系統上執行了大型黑客攻擊。
Check Point 表示，Indra 的黑客攻擊是“世界各國政府的一個例子，說明單個組織如何破壞關鍵基礎設施。”
如果傳統上認為非國有團體除了入侵網站和數據之外，還缺乏做更多事情的能力，那麼這就是此類非國有團體對現實世界造成嚴重破壞的一個例子。
Indra 的工具通過使用“擦除器”或旨在擦除關鍵基礎設施的整個數據系統的惡意軟件，在沒有直接恢復方法的情況下破壞數據，使恢復過程變得複雜，將用戶鎖定在機器之外，更改密碼，並將壁紙更換為自定義攻擊者製作的消息。
黑客攻擊包括在伊朗各地的顯示板上發布有關火車延誤和取消的虛假信息。
路透社為本報告做出了貢獻。
Iran gas stations reportedly hit by massive cyberattack
Hackers in Iran address Iran Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei demanding, ‘Where is the gas?’
By YONAH JEREMY BOB
OCTOBER 26, 2021 21:41
Cyber hacking (illustrative)
(photo credit: INGIMAGE)
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Gas stations across Iran malfunctioned on Tuesday, reportedly due to a massive cyberattack, according to Iranian state media.
With the details still hazy, speculation is rife about whether the purported attack came from the US, Israel or from local Iranian anti-regime groups.
According to reports, messages were posted in some systems that were hacked, addressing Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei directly and demanding to know, “Where is the gas?” The attack comes some two years after nationwide protests over gas shortages in fall 2019.
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“The disruption at the refueling system of gas stations… in the past few hours, was caused by a cyberattack,” state broadcaster IRIB said. “Technical experts are fixing the problem and soon the refueling process… will return to normal.”
The Oil Ministry said only sales with smart cards used for cheaper, rationed gasoline were disrupted and that clients could still buy fuel at higher rates, the ministry’s news agency, SHANA, reported.
Iran Gas prices 298.88 (credit: AP)
Last week, Iran carried out a complex and coordinated strike on US forces in Syria using up to five armed drones to attack the Tanf garrison at a key strategic point near the Jordan-Iraq border.
The attack was the latest in a series of drone strikes on US forces.
In a press briefing on Monday, US Envoy on Iran, Rob Malley, mentioned possible upcoming US action to deter Iranian aggression in the region although he declined to elaborate what those actions might be.
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The US is considered to be the world’s most potent cyber power by far but it has often been hesitant to use its offensive cyber capabilities against groups other than ISIS, for fear of cyber retaliation.
Under the Trump administration, the US did hack certain major Iranian intelligence sea-based operations to get the Islamic Republic to back away from attacking American allies at sea.
But the Biden administration has not done so to date, as it has focused on building goodwill for a mutual return to the 2015 nuclear deal, the JCPOA.
Israel reportedly hacked Iran’s Shahid Rajaee Port on May 9, 2020, as a counter strike for an attempted Iranian cyber strike on Israel’s water supply system the previous month.
Iran has also accused the Mossad, the US and European intelligence agencies of using the STUXNET virus to hack its Natanz nuclear facility in 2009-2010.
Former Shin Bet (Israel Security Agency) cyber official Harel Menashri told KAN radio that there was a good chance that to accomplish such a broad and successful attack on Tuesday, the hacker would have to be a nation-state actor.
However, recent months have also shown that amateur hackers can cause major disruption to the US and European powers with sophisticated ransomware and other means, and the Khamenei regime has many local enemies among Iran’s many minorities.
In August, Check Point Software Technologies issued a report stating that an Iranian dissident group called Indra, not Israel, executed the mega-hack on the Islamic Republic’s train system on July 9.
Check Point said Indra’s hack was “an example for governments around the world of how a single group can create disruption on critical infrastructure.”
If non-state groups are traditionally thought of as lacking the capability to do more than hack websites and data, this was an example of such a non-state group causing profound real-world damage.
Indra’s tools destroyed data without direct means to recover it by using a “wiper,” or malware designed to wipe the entire data system of critical infrastructure, making the recovery process complicated, locking users out of machines, changing passwords, and replacing wallpapers to custom messages crafted by the attackers.
The hack included the posting of fake messages about train delays and cancellations on display boards across Iran.
Reuters contributed to this report.
政變引發致命騷亂後蘇丹首都被封鎖
週二，在軍隊在一場引發動亂的政變中奪取政權的第二天，首都喀土穆和尼羅河對岸的孿生城市恩圖曼的生活陷入停頓。
通過路透
2021 年 10 月 26 日 14:17
2021 年 10 月 25 日，在蘇丹喀土穆，信息部稱之為軍事政變期間，路障被點燃
（圖片來源：路透社/EL TAYEB SIDDIG）
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週二，在軍隊在政變中奪取政權的第二天，道路被封鎖，商店被關閉，電話被關閉，清真寺的擴音器大聲呼籲在蘇丹舉行總罷工。
至少有 7 人在軍事接管引發的動亂中喪生，在民眾起義結束了數十年的專制統治兩年後，蘇丹向民主的過渡停止了。
抗議者點燃了輪胎，煙霧在喀土穆上空升起。首都和尼羅河對岸的孿生城市恩圖曼的生活戛然而止，道路被士兵或抗議者的路障封鎖。
在周一的騷亂之後，夜晚似乎相對平靜地過去了，在士兵逮捕總理阿卜杜拉·哈姆多克和內閣中的其他平民後，抗議者走上街頭。一名衛生部官員說，在抗議者與安全部隊之間的衝突中，有 7 人喪生。
週一，在 2019 年 4 月長期執政的獨裁者奧馬爾·巴希爾 (Omar al-Bashir) 被推翻後，接管領導人阿卜杜勒·法塔赫·布爾漢將軍解散了為引導蘇丹走向民主而成立的軍民主權委員會。
布爾汗宣布進入緊急狀態，稱武裝部隊需要保護安全和保障。他承諾將在 2023 年 7 月舉行選舉，然後將其移交給民選政府。據阿拉伯新聞頻道報導，週二他解散了管理工會的委員會。
2019 年 8 月 17 日，蘇丹過渡軍事委員會主席阿卜杜勒·法塔赫·布爾漢中將在蘇丹喀土穆簽署權力分享協議期間與埃塞俄比亞總理阿比·艾哈邁德會談（圖片來源：REUTERS/MOHAMED NURELDIN ABDALLAH）
仍然忠於哈姆多克的蘇丹信息部稱這次收購是犯罪，並表示哈姆多克仍然是合法領導人。
被罷免的政府外交部長周二在信息部 Facebook 頁面上發布的一條消息中說，哈姆多克和他失踪的內閣成員仍被關押在一個不知名的地方。
喀土穆和恩圖曼之間的主要道路和橋樑被軍方禁止車輛通行。銀行和自動取款機關閉，廣泛用於轉賬的手機應用程序無法訪問。
'付出代價'
一些麵包店在 Omdurman 開業，但人們排了幾個小時的隊。
“我們正在為這場危機付出代價，”一名 50 多歲的男子在一家庫存不足的藥店尋找藥物，憤怒地說。“我們不能工作，找不到麵包，沒有服務，沒有錢。”
在西部城市朱奈納，居民亞當哈倫說，存在完全的公民抗命，學校、商店和加油站都關閉了。
社交媒體上的圖片顯示，在阿特巴拉、東戈拉、埃洛貝德和蘇丹港等城市發生了大規模的街頭抗議活動。
人們高呼“不要把你的背給軍隊，軍隊不會保護你”。
蘇丹專業人士協會是一個激進聯盟，在推翻巴希爾的起義中發揮了重要作用，它呼籲罷工。
西方政府譴責政變，呼籲釋放被拘留的文職領導人，並威脅要切斷蘇丹從經濟危機中恢復過來的援助。
美國已表示將立即暫停提供 7 億美元的緊急支持。
在後殖民歷史的大部分時間裡，蘇丹一直由在政變中奪取政權的軍事領導人統治。它已成為西方的賤民，並在巴希爾領導下的美國恐怖主義黑名單上，他在 1990 年代接待了奧薩馬·本·拉登，並因戰爭罪被海牙國際刑事法院通緝。
自從巴希爾被推翻以來，在旨在導致 2023 年選舉的過渡期間，軍方與平民不安地分享權力。 自上個月失敗的政變陰謀（歸咎於巴希爾的支持者）引發軍方與平民之間的相互指責以來，該國一直處於緊張狀態.
Sudan capital locked down after coup triggers deadly unrest
Life came to a halt in the capital Khartoum and its twin city Omdurman across the Nile on Tuesday, a day after the army seized power in a coup that triggered unrest.
By REUTERS
OCTOBER 26, 2021 14:17
A road barricade is set on fire during what the information ministry calls a military coup in Khartoum, Sudan, October 25, 2021
(photo credit: REUTERS/EL TAYEB SIDDIG)
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Roads were blocked, shops were shut, phones were down and mosque loudspeakers blared calls for a general strike in Sudan on Tuesday, a day after the army seized power in a coup.
At least seven people were killed in unrest triggered by the military takeover, which brought a halt to Sudan's transition to democracy two years after a popular uprising ended decades of authoritarian rule.
Plumes of smoke rose over Khartoum from tires set ablaze by protesters. Life came to a halt in the capital and in its twin city Omdurman across the Nile, with roads blocked either by soldiers or by protester barricades.
The night appeared to have passed comparatively quietly after Monday's unrest, when protesters took to the streets after soldiers arrested Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok and other civilians in the cabinet. A health ministry official said seven people had been killed in clashes between protesters and the security forces.
On Monday, takeover leader General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan dissolved the military-civilian Sovereign Council set up to guide Sudan to democracy following the overthrow of long-ruling autocrat Omar al-Bashir in April 2019.
Burhan announced a state of emergency, saying the armed forces needed to protect safety and security. He promised to hold elections in July 2023 and hand over to an elected civilian government then. On Tuesday he dissolved committees that govern trade unions, Arabic news channels reported.
The head of Sudan's Transitional Military Council, Lieutenant General Abdel Fattah Al-Burhan, talks to Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed during the signing of a power sharing deal in Khartoum, Sudan, August 17, 2019 (credit: REUTERS/ MOHAMED NURELDIN ABDALLAH)
The Sudan information ministry, still loyal to Hamdok, has called the takeover a crime and said Hamdok is still the legitimate leader.
Hamdok and his missing cabinet members were still being held in an unknown location, the foreign minister of the ousted government said in a message posted on the information ministry's Facebook page on Tuesday.
Main roads and bridges between Khartoum and Omdurman were closed to vehicles by the military. Banks and cash machines were shut, and mobile phone apps widely used for money transfers could not be accessed.
'PAYING THE PRICE'
Some bakeries were open in Omdurman but people were queuing for several hours.
"We are paying the price for this crisis," a man in his 50s looking for medicine at one of the pharmacies where stocks have been running low said angrily. "We can't work, we can't find bread, there are no services, no money."
In the western city of El Geneina, resident Adam Haroun said there was complete civil disobedience, with schools, stores and gas stations closed.
Large street protests took place in the cities of Atbara, Dongola, Elobeid and Port Sudan, images on social media showed.
People chanted "Don't give your back to the army, the army won't protect you."
The Sudanese Professionals Association, an activist coalition that played a major role in the uprising that toppled Bashir, has called for a strike.
Western governments have condemned the coup, called for the release of the detained civilian leaders and threatened to cut off aid, which Sudan needs to recover from an economic crisis.
The United States has said it was immediately pausing delivery of $700 million in emergency support.
Sudan has been ruled for most of its post-colonial history by military leaders who seized power in coups. It had become a pariah to the West and was on a U.S. terrorism blacklist under Bashir, who hosted Osama bin Laden in the 1990s and is wanted by the International Criminal Court in the Hague for war crimes.
Since Bashir was toppled, the military shared power uneasily with civilians under a transition meant to lead to elections in 2023. The country had been on edge since last month when a failed coup plot, blamed on Bashir supporters, unleashed recriminations between the military and civilians.
政變後蘇丹抗議活動造成7人死亡140人受傷
接管領導人阿卜杜勒·法塔赫·布爾汗將軍解散了為引導國家走向民主而成立的軍民主權委員會。
通過路透
2021 年 10 月 26 日 04:25
法國總統埃馬紐埃爾·馬克龍歡迎蘇丹總理阿卜杜拉·哈姆多克抵達巴黎愛麗舍宮會面
（圖片來源：路透社）
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蘇丹軍方周一從過渡政府手中奪取了權力，一名衛生部官員表示，在士兵與街頭抗議者之間的衝突中，有 7 人被槍殺，140 人受傷。
在兩年前的民眾起義中長期執政的獨裁者奧馬爾·巴希爾被推翻後，接管領導人阿卜杜勒·法塔赫·布爾汗將軍解散了為引導國家走向民主而成立的軍民主權委員會。
布爾汗宣布進入緊急狀態，稱武裝部隊需要保護安全和保障。他承諾將在 2023 年 7 月舉行選舉，然後將其移交給民選政府。
“這個國家現在正在經歷的是對青年夢想和國家希望的真正威脅和危險，”他說。
仍然忠於被罷免的總理阿卜杜拉·哈姆多克的蘇丹信息部在其臉書頁面上表示，過渡憲法僅賦予總理宣布緊急狀態的權利，軍方的行為是犯罪行為。它說，Hamdok 仍然是合法的過渡當局。
外交官表示，聯合國安理會可能會在周二閉門討論蘇丹問題。
白宮發言人卡琳·讓-皮埃爾說：“我們拒絕軍方的行動，並呼籲立即釋放總理和其他被軟禁的人。”
反對政變的青年封鎖街道並與軍隊發生衝突。推動巴希爾下台並與軍民委員會談判的主要反對派聯盟自由與變革力量在推特上表示，它呼籲在街頭採取和平行動，以推翻軍事接管，包括示威、封鎖街道和公民抗命。
蘇丹總理阿卜杜拉·哈姆多克於 2019 年 9 月 3 日在蘇丹喀土穆與德國外交部長海科·馬斯舉行的聯合新聞發布會上發表講話（圖片來源：REUTERS/MOHAMED NURELDIN ABDALLAH）
信息部表示，經濟學家和前聯合國高級官員哈姆多克在拒絕發表支持收購的聲明後被拘留並帶到一個秘密地點。
該部敦促抵抗，並表示數以萬計反對收購的人走上街頭，並在喀土穆軍事總部附近面臨槍聲。該部表示，中央銀行員工宣布罷工以拒絕政變。
該部表示，軍隊逮捕了主權委員會的文職成員和政府官員。他的家人說，同樣被拘留的還有國家電視台的新聞主任。美國國務院表示，華盛頓對哈姆多克的下落和狀況沒有任何可透露的信息。一位部門發言人表示，它正在暫停對蘇丹的 7 億美元經濟支持。
在喀土穆的孿生城市恩圖曼，抗議者在街道上設置路障並高呼支持文官統治。
“布爾漢無法欺騙我們。這是一場軍事政變，”一位自稱薩利赫的年輕人說。
在後殖民歷史的大部分時間裡，蘇丹一直由在政變中奪取政權的軍事領導人統治。它已成為西方的賤民，並在巴希爾領導下的美國恐怖主義名單上，他在 1990 年代接待了奧薩馬·本·拉登，並因戰爭罪被海牙國際刑事法院通緝。
自上個月失敗的政變陰謀（歸咎於巴希爾的支持者）引發軍方和平民之間的相互指責以來，該國一直處於緊張狀態。
最近幾週，一個由反叛團體和政黨組成的聯盟與軍方結盟，並呼籲其解散文職政府，而內閣部長則參加了反對軍事統治前景的抗議活動。
蘇丹也處於經濟危機之中。在外援的幫助下，文職官員聲稱在貨幣大幅貶值和取消燃料補貼後出現了一些初步的穩定跡象。
華盛頓曾派遣特使杰弗裡·費爾特曼 (Jeffrey Feltman) 試圖避免權力分享協議的崩潰。哈姆多克辦公室主任亞當·赫里卡告訴路透社，儘管最近幾天與費爾特曼會面後，軍方已經開始了對達成協議的“積極行動”。
軍方原本打算在未來幾個月內將主權委員會的領導權交給文職人員。但過渡當局一直在努力推進問題，包括是否將巴希爾移交給海牙。
布爾漢說，武裝部隊有責任採取行動制止“煽動混亂和暴力”。
聯合國、阿盟和非盟均表示關切。非盟委員會主席穆薩法基馬哈馬特在一份聲明中說，政治領導人應該被釋放並尊重人權。
英國稱政變是對蘇丹人民的不可接受的背叛。法國呼籲立即釋放哈姆多克和其他文職領導人。埃及呼籲各方保持克制。
反對巴希爾起義的激進聯盟蘇丹專業人士協會呼籲罷工。
烏瑪和蘇丹國會這兩個主要政黨譴責了他們所謂的政變和逮捕行動。
Seven killed, 140 injured in Sudan protests following coup
The leader of the takeover, General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, dissolved the military-civilian Sovereign Council that had been established to guide the country to democracy.
By REUTERS
OCTOBER 26, 2021 04:25
French President Emmanuel Macron welcomes Sudan's Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok as he arrives for a meeting at the Elysee Palace in Paris
(photo credit: REUTERS)
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Sudan's military seized power from a transitional government on Monday and a health ministry official said seven people were killed by gunfire and 140 injured in clashes between soldiers and street protesters.
The leader of the takeover, General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, dissolved the military-civilian Sovereign Council that had been established to guide the country to democracy following the overthrow of long-ruling autocrat Omar al-Bashir in a popular uprising two years ago.
Burhan announced a state of emergency, saying the armed forces needed to protect safety and security. He promised to hold elections in July 2023 and hand over to an elected civilian government then.
"What the country is going through now is a real threat and danger to the dreams of the youth and the hopes of the nation," he said.
The Sudan information ministry, which is still loyal to ousted Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok, said on its Facebook page that the transitional constitution gives only the prime minister the right to declare a state of emergency and that the military's actions are a crime. Hamdok is still the legitimate transitional authority, it said.
The U.N. Security Council was likely to discuss Sudan behind closed doors on Tuesday, diplomats said.
White House spokesperson Karine Jean-Pierre said: "We reject the actions by the military and call for the immediate release of the prime minister and others who have been placed under house arrest."
Youths opposed to the coup barricaded streets and clashed with troops. The main opposition coalition, Forces of Freedom and Change, which pushed for Bashir's removal and negotiated the military-civilian council, said on Twitter it was calling for peaceful actions in the streets to overthrow the military takeover, including demonstrations, the blocking of streets and civil disobedience.
Sudan Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok speaks during joint press conference with German Foreign Minister Heiko Maas in Khartoum, Sudan September 3, 2019 (credit: REUTERS/ MOHAMED NURELDIN ABDALLAH)
Hamdok, an economist and former senior U.N. official, was detained and taken to an undisclosed location after refusing to issue a statement in support of the takeover, the information ministry said.
The ministry urged resistance and said tens of thousands of people opposed to the takeover had taken to the streets and had faced gunfire near the military headquarters in Khartoum. Central bank employees announced a strike to reject the coup, the ministry said.
Troops had arrested civilian members of the Sovereign Council and government figures, the ministry said. Also detained was the news director of state TV, his family said. The U.S. State Department said Washington had nothing to share on Hamdok's whereabouts and condition. A department spokesman said it was pausing $700 million in economic support for Sudan.
In Khartoum's twin city Omdurman, protesters barricaded streets and chanted in support of civilian rule.
"Burhan cannot deceive us. This is a military coup," said a young man who gave his name as Saleh.
Sudan has been ruled for most of its post-colonial history by military leaders who seized power in coups. It had become a pariah to the West and was on a U.S. terrorism list under Bashir, who hosted Osama bin Laden in the 1990s and is wanted by the International Criminal Court in the Hague for war crimes.
The country had been on edge since last month when a failed coup plot, blamed on Bashir supporters, unleashed recriminations between the military and civilians.
In recent weeks a coalition of rebel groups and political parties aligned themselves with the military and called on it to dissolve the civilian government, while Cabinet ministers took part in protests against the prospect of military rule.
Sudan is also in an economic crisis. Helped by foreign aid, civilian officials have claimed credit for some tentative signs of stabilization after a sharp devaluation of the currency and the lifting of fuel subsidies.
Washington had tried to avert the collapse of the power-sharing agreement by sending a special envoy, Jeffrey Feltman. The director of Hamdok's office, Adam Hereika, told Reuters the military had mounted the takeover despite "positive movements" towards an agreement after meetings with Feltman in recent days.
The military had been meant to pass on leadership of the Sovereign Council to a civilian figure in the coming months. But transitional authorities had struggled to move forward on issues including whether to hand Bashir over to the Hague.
Burhan said it was incumbent on the armed forces to act to halt "incitement to chaos and violence."
The United Nations, Arab League and African Union all expressed concern. Political leaders should be released and human rights respected, AU Commission Chair Moussa Faki Mahamat said in a statement.
Britain called the coup an unacceptable betrayal of the Sudanese people. France called for the immediate release of Hamdok and other civilian leaders. Egypt called on all parties to exercise self-restraint.
The Sudanese Professionals Association, an activist coalition in the uprising against Bashir, called for a strike.
Two main political parties, the Umma and the Sudanese Congress, condemned what they called a coup and campaign of arrests.
土耳其驅逐西方大使鞏固了專制轉變-分析
儘管是北約成員國，但土耳其經常壓制媒體，推平城市中的土耳其社區，聲稱它正在打擊“恐怖主義”並發動對敘利亞的入侵。
作者：SETH J. FRANZMAN
2021 年 10 月 26 日 16:29
土耳其總統塔伊普·埃爾多安於 2020 年 12 月 14 日在土耳其安卡拉舉行內閣會議後的新聞發布會上發表講話
（圖片來源：總統新聞辦公室/通過路透社的講義）
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土耳其總統雷傑普·塔伊普·埃爾多安( Recep Tayyip Erdogan)已下令宣布 10 個主要民主國家的大使為“不受歡迎的人”，鞏固了安卡拉向威權主義的轉變及其與反對美國和西方國家的聯盟。
在美國和其他國家批評土耳其繼續監禁慈善家奧斯曼卡瓦拉之後，安卡拉發動了這次襲擊。
卡瓦拉是數以萬計被安卡拉以虛假指控監禁的土耳其人之一，這是執政的 AKP 黨領導的清洗行動的一部分，該清洗行動針對自由主義者、大學生、LGBT 活動家、庫爾德人、HDP（人民民主黨）的反對派成員。黨）、婦女、媒體和各行各業的評論家。
最近，安卡拉政府回到 2013 年和 2014 年，尋找參與任何反對正發黨抗議活動的活動人士並將他們監禁。土耳其是世界上最大的記者監獄。
儘管是北約成員，但土耳其經常壓制媒體，推平城市中的土耳其社區，聲稱它正在打擊“恐怖主義”，並發動了對敘利亞的入侵，對庫爾德人、雅茲迪人和其他少數民族進行種族清洗。
土耳其總統塔伊普·埃爾多安於 2021 年 3 月 4 日在土耳其安卡拉通過視頻鏈接參加了他執政的 AK 黨的會議。（來源：總統新聞辦公室/通過路透社的講義）
來自一些主要民主國家的特使將卡瓦拉案視為嚴重的誤判。土耳其現在威脅要驅逐美國、德國、法國、荷蘭、加拿大、丹麥、瑞典、芬蘭、挪威和新西蘭的大使。
外國大使“不敢來土耳其外交部發號施令……我向我們的外交部長發出了必要的命令，並說必須做什麼：必須立即宣布這10位大使為不受歡迎的人……他們將了解並了解土耳其，”引述埃爾多安的話說。“有一天他們不了解和了解土耳其，他們就會離開。”
這是安卡拉日益增長的極端主義的一部分。土耳其已經是一個專制專制國家，對北約和西方國家的敵意越來越大。它經常威脅希臘，也威脅到法國。
2020 年 10 月，安卡拉煽動反對法國的行為可能激怒了一名恐怖分子，導致尼斯發生襲擊事件。這起事件發生在安卡拉領導人開始編造新的聲稱被法國查理周刊雜誌冒犯之後。
支持穆斯林兄弟會的土耳其領導層傾向於將宗教用作統一者和武器。它試圖鼓勵土耳其社會變得更加伊斯蘭化，並將“伊斯蘭”事業視為自己的事業，無論這意味著安卡拉干預克什米爾，還是試圖假裝它支持巴勒斯坦人。
土耳其多次接待哈馬斯官員，導緻美國譴責，兩年前有報導稱，哈馬斯曾計劃從土耳其發動襲擊。土耳其還接待了來自敘利亞的塔利班和極端組織。
支持極端分子是安卡拉向威權主義轉變的一部分。在敘利亞，土耳其不僅在 2018 年對阿夫林進行種族清洗，驅逐了 15 萬庫爾德人和雅茲迪人，在 2019 年 10 月，它還在敘利亞威脅美國，併入侵了美國支持的敘利亞民主力量所在的地區。
受到華盛頓制裁的土耳其支持的 Ahrar al-Sharqiya 極端分子謀殺了手無寸鐵的年輕女性民主活動家赫夫林·哈拉夫 (Hevrin Khalaf)。土耳其媒體稱她為“恐怖分子”，並稱她已“無效化”。
土耳其還煽動反對美國官員布雷特麥格克，並指責美國在敘利亞訓練“恐怖分子”。最近幾個月，土耳其增加了無人機襲擊，目標是敘利亞北部以及伊拉克辛賈爾的雅茲迪地區的自衛隊和其他人。
土耳其還向其在敘利亞北部支持的敘利亞團體提供武器，並鼓勵他們砲擊自衛隊控制的 Tel Tamr，該地區有一個基督教社區。因此，土耳其在敘利亞北部曾經受到伊斯蘭國威脅但現在受到安卡拉威脅的地區破壞了少數群體的穩定。
與此同時，安卡拉與俄羅斯、中國和伊朗的關係越來越密切。它尋求與俄羅斯進行更多的軍售，並希望與馬來西亞、巴基斯坦、阿富汗的塔利班和卡塔爾的其他專制政權結盟。
自 2020 年以來，土耳其已經減少了對以色列的一些更極端的煽動。這主要是因為埃爾多安的重要盟友美國前總統唐納德特朗普卸任。特朗普離開後，幾名支持正發黨的美國外交官也離開了。這意味著，當埃爾多安與特朗普白宮密切合作時，土耳其需要在多年對威權主義的空白支票之後努力實現和解。
土耳其尋求與埃及和海灣國家的聯繫，感覺到埃及、海灣和希臘與以色列的關係越來越密切，所有這些國家都厭倦了安卡拉的侵略行為和威脅。例如，在亞伯拉罕協議期間，土耳其威脅要切斷與以色列的關係。
最近幾天，對以色列的煽動又回來了，因為安卡拉聲稱它拘留了“摩薩德”成員。這是在安卡拉聲稱將“解放阿克薩”一年多之後，阿克薩指的是耶路撒冷的伊斯蘭清真寺。土耳其的親 AKP 媒體聲稱，安卡拉現在正在驅逐外國大使，以阻止他們干預土耳其。
雖然安卡拉試圖驅逐和騷擾主要民主國家的大使，但作為藍旗空軍演習的一部分，以色列本週將接待其中許多國家。美國、德國、意大利、英國、法國、印度和希臘的空軍都在以色列。
美國、德國和法國是土耳其現在威脅的國家之一。瑞典最近也對以色列進行了高層訪問。最近在土耳其的德國即將卸任的領導人安格拉·默克爾在與埃爾多安的關係方面是歐洲的一個例外，因為她似乎支持獨裁統治者。但她即將卸任，儘管她最近出訪，德國仍是土耳其抨擊的國家之一。
安卡拉的整體態勢使其與民主和歐洲的矛盾越來越大。它傾向於利用其極右翼媒體和執政黨的言論來抨擊歐洲。歐洲和美國在土耳其被視為敵人，而俄羅斯、卡塔爾、中國、伊朗、巴基斯坦、馬來西亞、阿塞拜疆等國家則被視為盟友和朋友。
塔利班和哈馬斯等組織在安卡拉受到西方民主國家從未有過的歡迎。這是安卡拉轉向極端主義的象徵。該國越來越多地僱用貧窮的敘利亞難民作為僱傭兵。
雖然有人說這只是埃爾多安的又一次咆哮，是一種旨在獲得一些讓步的威脅，但它正在導致土耳其的貨幣再次走弱，這將傷害中產階級，尤其是那些思想更開放的土耳其選民。歐洲，同時增加貧困和對政府的依賴。執政黨押注這有助於鞏固其權力。
如果這不足以增加民粹主義，土耳其還威脅要在敘利亞爆發新的衝突。安卡拉執政黨每次想要投票時都在加劇與北約、西方和美國的緊張關係，將自己定位為主要的反西方國家之一。
即使是伊朗、俄羅斯和中國也沒有相同程度的極端言論。奇怪的是，儘管發生了這些事件，土耳其仍然是北約成員國。
Turkey's expulsion of Western ambassadors cements authoritarian shift - analysis
Despite being a member of NATO, Turkey has routinely crushed the media, bulldozed Turkish neighborhoods in cities as part of claims it is fighting “terrorism” and has launched invasions of Syria.
By SETH J. FRANTZMAN
OCTOBER 26, 2021 16:29
Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan speaks during a news conference following a cabinet meeting in Ankara, Turkey, December 14, 2020
(photo credit: PRESIDENTIAL PRESS OFFICE/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)
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Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has ordered ambassadors from 10 leading democracies to be declared “persona non grata,” cementing Ankara’s shift toward authoritarianism and its alliance with countries that oppose the US and the West.
The attack was made by Ankara after the US and other countries critiqued Turkey for continuing to imprison philanthropist Osman Kavala.
Kavala is one of tens of thousands of Turks who have been imprisoned on false charges by Ankara as part of a purge led by the ruling AKP Party that targets liberals, college students, LGBT activists, Kurds, opposition members of the HDP (the People’s Democratic Party), women, media and critics of all stripes.
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Recently, Ankara’s government has gone back to 2013 and 2014 to find activists involved in any protests against the AKP and imprison them. Turkey is the world’s larger jailer of journalists.
Despite being a member of NATO, Turkey has routinely crushed the media, bulldozed Turkish neighborhoods in cities as part of claims it is fighting “terrorism” and has launched invasions of Syria, ethnically cleansing Kurds, Yazidis and other minorities.
Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan attends a meeting of his ruling AK Party via video link in Ankara, Turkey March 4, 2021. (credit: PRESIDENTIAL PRESS OFFICE/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)
The envoys from a number of key democracies have put a spotlight on the Kavala case as an egregious miscarriage of justice. Turkey has now threatened to expel ambassadors from the US, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Canada, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway and New Zealand.
Foreign ambassadors “cannot dare to come to the Turkish Foreign Ministry and give orders… I gave the necessary order to our foreign minister and said what must be done: These 10 ambassadors must be declared persona non grata at once… They will know and understand Turkey,” Erdogan was quoted as saying. “The day they do not know and understand Turkey, they will leave.”
This is part of Ankara’s growing extremism. Already a repressive authoritarian state, Turkey has become increasingly hostile to NATO and Western countries. It often threatens Greece and has threatened France.
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In October 2020, Ankara’s incitement against France likely radicalized a terrorist, which led to an attack in Nice. The incident came after Ankara’s leaders began to invent new claims of being offended by France’s Charlie Hebdo magazine.
Turkey’s leadership, which backs the Muslim Brotherhood, has tended to use religion as a unifier and as a weapon. It has sought to encourage Turkish society to become more Islamist and to see “Islamic” causes as their own, whether that means Ankara meddling in Kashmir or trying to pretend it supports the Palestinians.
Turkey has hosted Hamas officials several times, leading to condemnation from the US, and reports two years ago said Hamas had planned attacks from Turkey. Turkey also hosted the Taliban and extremist groups from Syria.
Support for extremists is part of Ankara’s shift toward authoritarianism. In Syria, Turkey not only ethnically cleansed Afrin in 2018, expelling 150,000 Kurds and Yazidis, in October 2019, it threatened the US in Syria and invaded an area where the US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces were present.
Turkish-backed extremists from Ahrar al-Sharqiya, who have been sanctioned by Washington, murdered democracy activist Hevrin Khalaf, an unarmed young woman. Turkish media called her a “terrorist” and said she was “neutralized.”
Turkey has also incited against US official Brett McGurk and accused the US of training “terrorists” in Syria. In recent months, Turkey has increased its drone strikes, targeting the SDF and others in northern Syria and also in the Yazidi region of Sinjar in Iraq.
TURKEY ALSO provides weapons to Syrian groups it backs in northern Syria and encourages them to shell Tel Tamr, an area held by the SDF and which has a Christian community. As such, Turkey destabilized minority groups throughout northern Syria in areas once threatened by ISIS but now threatened by Ankara.
In the meantime, Ankara has grown closer to Russia, China and Iran. It seeks more arms sales with Russia and wants an alliance with other authoritarian regimes in Malaysia, Pakistan, the Taliban in Afghanistan and Qatar.
Turkey has dialed back some of its more extreme incitement against Israel since 2020. This is largely because former US president Donald Trump, a key ally of Erdogan, left office. When Trump left, several US diplomats who were pro-AKP also left. This meant Turkey needed to work toward reconciliation after several years of having a blank check for authoritarianism when Erdogan worked closely with the Trump White House.
Turkey sought outreach to Egypt and the Gulf states, sensing that Egypt, the Gulf and Greece were growing closer with Israel, and all of these countries had tired of Ankara’s aggressive behavior and threats. For instance, during the Abraham Accords, Turkey threatened to cut relations with Israel.
In recent days, the incitement against Israel has returned, as Ankara claimed it had detained “Mossad” members. This comes more than a year after Ankara had claimed it would “liberate al-Aqsa,” a reference to the Islamic mosque in Jerusalem. Pro-AKP media in Turkey have claimed that Ankara is now expelling foreign ambassadors to stop them from meddling in Turkey.
While Ankara has sought to expel and harass ambassadors from leading democracies, Israel is hosting many of those countries this week as part of the Blue Flag air-force drill. Air forces from the US, Germany, Italy, the UK, France, India and Greece are in Israel.
The US, Germany and France are among the countries Turkey is threatening now. Sweden also had a high-level visit to Israel recently. Germany’s outgoing leader, Angela Merkel, who was in Turkey recently, is an exception in Europe for relations with Erdogan, as she has appeared to support the authoritarian ruler. But she is leaving office, and Germany is one of the countries Turkey has slammed despite her recent trip.
Ankara’s overall posture puts it increasingly at odds with democracy and Europe. It tends to use its far-right media and speeches of its ruling party to bash Europe. Europe and the US are seen as the enemy in Turkey, while Russia, Qatar, China, Iran, Pakistan, Malaysia, Azerbaijan and other states are seen as allies and friends.
Groups such as the Taliban and Hamas get a welcome in Ankara that is never afforded to Western democracies. This is symbolic of Ankara’s shift toward extremism. The country increasingly employs poor Syrian refugees as mercenaries.
Although some say this is just another rant by Erdogan and is a threat designed to get some concessions, it is causing Turkey’s currency to once again weaken, and that will harm the middle class, especially those more open-minded Turkish voters who are linked to Europe, while increasing poverty and dependence on the government. The ruling party is wagering that this helps cement it in power.
Turkey has also threatened a new conflict in Syria if this doesn’t do enough to increase populism. Ankara’s ruling party is increasingly exacerbating tensions with NATO, the West and the US every time it wants votes, positioning itself as one of the leading anti-Western countries.
Even Iran, Russia and China don’t have the same levels of extreme rhetoric. Oddly, Turkey remains a NATO member despite these incidents.
美國對以色列推進 3,144 座定居者房屋的計劃“深表關切”
然後，預計市議會將最終批准 1,800 套定居者房屋的計劃，並允許存放其餘的計劃，此舉使其能夠提前獲得最終批准。
作者：托瓦·拉扎羅夫、拉哈夫·哈爾科夫
2021 年 10 月 26 日 22:32
2020 年 6 月 30 日，一名猶太定居者走過耶路撒冷附近西岸 Givat Zeev 和 Ramat Givat Zeev 周圍的以色列定居點建築工地。
（圖片來源：AMMAR AWAD/REUTERS）
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美國國務院發言人內德·普賴斯在華盛頓對記者表示，美國對以色列打算在周三推進 3,144 座定居者家園的計劃“深表關切”，他就此事發表了迄今為止最強烈的聲明。
他說：“我們強烈反對擴大定居點，這與緩和緊張局勢和確保平靜的努力完全不一致，而且會損害兩國解決方案的前景。”
當猶地亞和撒馬利亞高級規劃委員會於週三召開美國總統喬拜登任期內的首次會議時，他具體提出了民政管理局將兩個前哨基地合法化的計劃。
“非法前哨基地追溯合法化的計劃是不可接受的。我們繼續在私下討論中直接向以色列高級官員提出我們對這個問題的看法，”普萊斯說。他補充說，會談是在非常高的級別進行的。
在耶路撒冷，美國表達了對周三計劃委員會會議的強烈反對。
一位高級外交消息人士稱，美國臨時代辦邁克爾·拉特尼 (Michael Ratney) 與總理納夫塔利·貝內特( Naftali Bennett ) 的外交顧問希姆里特·梅爾 (Shimrit Meir) 就此事進行了交談。
高級規劃委員會將於週日推進西岸定居者住房項目，包括在伊塔馬爾。圖片拍攝於 2020 年 6 月 15 日。（來源：RONEN ZVULUN/REUTERS）
消息人士稱，梅爾的回應是“把事情放在上下文中”，並描述了當前政府在猶地亞和撒馬利亞的政策，不是吞併領土，而是在不大幅增加開工率的情況下繼續穩步建設。
總理辦公室和美國大使館拒絕置評。
猶地亞和撒馬利亞高級規劃委員會周三將討論的項目中，約有 46% 是在安全屏障計劃路線之外的孤立定居點進行建設。
除了第五大定居點 Givat Ze'ev 之外，所有項目都針對中小型社區。
然後，預計市議會將最終批准 1,800 套定居者房屋的計劃，並允許存放其餘的計劃，此舉使其能夠提前獲得最終批准。
在 1,334 個計劃中，最大的是 Revava 的 399 個住宅，Kedumim 的 380 個住宅和 Givat Ze'ev 的 156 個住宅。
其餘的是 Elon Moreh 100、Sansana 100、Ofarim 86、Vered Yeriho 45、Karnei Shomron 27、Alon Shvut 18、Efrat 116、Hinanit 10、Hermesh 7。
將獲得最終批准的最大項目是 Eli 的 628。其他項目包括為 Kfar Etzion 建造 292 座住宅、為 Har Bracha 建造 286 座住宅、為 Talmon 建造 224 座住宅、為 Elon Shvut 建造 105 座住宅、為 Karnei Shomron 建造 83 座住宅、為 Beit El 建造 58 座住宅、為 Givat Ze'ev 建造 42 座住宅、為 Barkan 建造 28 座住宅、為 Ma' 建造 14 座住宅aleh Michmash，Shima 20 分，Peduel 20 分。
該委員會還將考慮將 Mitzpe Danny 前哨站合法化為 Ma'aleh Mishmash 定居點的新社區，並將 Haroeh Haivri 前哨站合法化為教育機構。
同樣在周日，建設和住房部發布了 1,355 套定居者住房的招標書。這是拜登任期內在猶地亞和撒馬利亞的第一個猶太家庭標記。
據左翼非政府組織 Peace Now 稱，這包括 Ariel 定居點的 731 所房屋、Beit El 的 346 所房屋、Elkana 的 102 所房屋、Adam 的 96 所房屋、Emmanuel 的 57 所房屋和 Beitar Illit 的一所房屋。
該部還公佈了東耶路撒冷新社區 Givat HaMatos 的 83 套住宅的招標書。
貝內特長期以來一直堅稱，他沒有凍結定居點活動的計劃。
歐盟發言人說：“我們呼籲以色列政府停止建造定居點，不要繼續進行已宣布的招標。
“根據國際法，定居點是非法的，是實現兩國解決方案和雙方公正、持久和全面和平的主要障礙。”
聯合國中東和平進程特別協調員 Tor Wennesland 表示，所有此類定居點活動必須立即停止。
US 'deeply concerned' by Israeli plans to advance 3,144 settler homes
Then council is expected to give final approval to plans for 1,800 settler homes, and to allow for the remainder of the plans to be deposited, a move allows for it to advance for final approval.
By TOVAH LAZAROFF, LAHAV HARKOV
OCTOBER 26, 2021 22:32
A Jewish settler walks past Israeli settlement construction sites around Givat Zeev and Ramat Givat Zeev in the West Bank, near Jerusalem June 30, 2020.
(photo credit: AMMAR AWAD/REUTERS)
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The US is “deeply concerned” about Israel’s intention to advance plans for 3,144 settler homes on Wednesday, US State Department spokesman Ned Price told reporters in Washington as he issued his strongest statement to date on the matter.
“We strongly oppose the expansion of settlements which is completely inconsistent with efforts to lower tensions and ensure calm and it damages the prospects for a two-state solution,” he said.
He took issue in specific with the Civil Administration’s plan to legalize two outposts when the Higher Planning Council for Judea and Samaria convenes on Wednesday for the first time of US President Joe Biden’s term.
“Plans for the retroactive legalization of illegal outposts is unacceptable. We continue to raise our views on this issue directly with senior Israel officials in our private discussions,” Price said. He added that the talks were taking place at very senior levels.
In Jerusalem, the US relayed its strong opposition to Wednesday’s planning council meeting.
American Charge d’Affaires Michael Ratney spoke with Prime Minister Naftali Bennett’s diplomatic adviser Shimrit Meir about the matter, a senior diplomatic source said.
The Higher Planning Council is set to advance West Bank settler housing projects Sunday, including in Itamar. Picture taken June 15, 2020. (credit: RONEN ZVULUN/REUTERS)
Meir responded by “putting things in context,” the source said, and described the current government’s policy in Judea and Samaria, which is not to annex territory, but to continue steady construction without a sharp increase in building starts.
The Prime Minister’s Office and US Embassy declined to comment.
Some 46% of the projects the Higher Planning Council for Judea and Samaria will debate on Wednesday are for construction in isolated settlements located beyond the planned route of the security barrier.
With the exception of Givat Ze’ev, which is the fifth-largest settlement, all of the projects are slated for mid-size or small communities.
Then council is expected to give final approval to plans for 1,800 settler homes, and to allow for the remainder of the plans to be deposited, a move that allows for it to advance for final approval.
Out of the 1,334 plans, the largest are 399 homes for Revava, 380 for Kedumim and 156 for Givat Ze’ev.
The rest are 100 for Elon Moreh, 100 for Sansana, 86 for Ofarim, 45 for Vered Yeriho, 27 for Karnei Shomron, 18 for Alon Shvut, 116 for Efrat, 10 for Hinanit and seven for Hermesh.
The largest project among those that will receive final approval is 628 for Eli. Other projects include plans for 292 homes for Kfar Etzion, 286 for Har Bracha, 224 for Talmon and 105 for Elon Shvut, 83 for Karnei Shomron, 58 for Beit El, 42 for Givat Ze’ev, 28 for Barkan, 14 for Ma’aleh Michmash, 20 for Shima and 20 for Peduel.
The council will also look to legalize the Mitzpe Danny outpost as a new neighborhood in the Ma’aleh Mishmash settlement, and the Haroeh Haivri outpost as an educational institution.
Similarly on Sunday, the Construction and Housing Ministry published tenders for 1,355 settler homes. It was the first marking of Jewish homes in Judea and Samaria of Biden’s term.
This included, according to the left-wing NGO Peace Now, 731 homes in the Ariel settlement, 346 homes in Beit El, 102 in Elkana, 96 in Adam, 57 in Emmanuel and one in Beitar Illit.
The ministry also published tenders for 83 homes in the new east Jerusalem neighborhood of Givat HaMatos.
Bennett has long insisted that he has no plans to freeze settlement activity.
The spokesperson for the European Union said, “We call upon the government of Israel to halt settlement construction and to not proceed with the announced tenders.
“Settlements are illegal under international law and constitute a major obstacle to the achievement of the two-state solution and a just, lasting and comprehensive peace between the parties.”
UN Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process Tor Wennesland said that all such settlement activity must cease immediately.
穆加爾成為以色列第一個官方德魯茲城市 - 動搖
內政部長阿耶萊特·沙克德週二在與德魯茲和切爾克斯領導人的會晤中宣布，穆加爾將成為以色列的第一個德魯茲城市。
通過耶路撒冷郵報STAFF
2021 年 10 月 26 日 22:18
內政部長阿耶萊特·沙克德於 2021 年 10 月 26 日會見了德魯茲和切爾克斯領導人。
（照片來源：禮貌）
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內政部長阿耶萊特·沙克德週二宣布，薩法德附近的德魯茲鎮穆加爾將獲得城市地位，它將成為以色列第一個德魯茲城市。
在阿克附近的薩朱爾與德魯茲和切爾卡西亞市政府負責人會面時，穆格哈爾市長法里德·加內姆 (Fareed Ghanem) 宣布了這一消息，令他大吃一驚。
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Mughar 目前的人口為 24,000，但已批准計劃在未來幾年內增加到 30,000。其地方當局製定並實施了一系列經濟、基礎設施和組織流程，因此贏得了西加利利地理委員會的建議，Shaked 批准了該建議。
城鎮成為城市的重要性主要體現在它對政府和私營公司投資以及產生一般和商業發展和就業選擇的吸引力。
“在我看來，任何在發展、組織效率、經濟增長和內部收入增加方面證明自己的地方當局，都會從我們那裡得到幫助，幫助他們發展和創造新的能力，”沙克德說。
2021 年 3 月 23 日，以色列議會選舉期間，拉姆黨領袖曼蘇爾·阿巴斯在馬加爾的一個投票站投票。（來源：FLASH90）
“穆加爾已經證明了自己，理應成為以色列重要的城市。這更證明了德魯茲社區與猶太人之間勇敢而牢固的聯繫。這種夥伴關係不僅限於軍隊，也存在於平民生活中，”她總結道。
Mughar 是 Ra'am 首領 Mansour Abbas 的家鄉。
Mughar to become first official Druze city in Israel - Shaked
Interior Minister Ayelet Shaked announced in a meeting with Druze and Circassian leaders on Tuesday that Mughar will become Israel's first Druze city.
By JERUSALEM POST STAFF
OCTOBER 26, 2021 22:18
Interior Minister Ayelet Shaked meets with Druze and Circassian leaders on October 26, 2021.
(photo credit: Courtesy)
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Interior Minister Ayelet Shaked announced on Tuesday that the Druze town Mughar, near Safed, will receive city status, and it will become Israel’s first Druze city.
Shaked surprised Mughar mayor Fareed Ghanem with the announcement during a meeting with Druze and Circassian municipality heads in Sajur, near Acre.
Mughar’s current population is 24,000, but plans have been approved for it to grow to 30,000 in the coming years. Its local authority has developed and implemented a number of economic, infrastructure and organizational processes and thus earned the Western Galilee Geographical Committee’s recommendation, which Shaked approved.
The importance of a town becoming a city is mostly manifested in it becoming more attractive for government and private companies to invest and to generate general and commercial development and employment options.
“In my view, any local authority that proves itself in development, organizational efficiency, economic growth and an increase in internal revenue, will receive assistance in growing and creating new capabilities from us,” Shaked said.
Ra'am Party leader Mansour Abbas casts his vote at a voting station in Maghar, during the Knesset Elections, on March 23, 2021. (credit: FLASH90)
“Mughar has proved itself and deserves to become an important Israeli city. This is more proof of the courageous and strong bond between the Druze community and the Jewish people. This partnership is not limited to the military but also exists in civilian life,” she concluded.
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Mughar the hometown of Ra’am head Mansour Abbas.
Netanyahu visits Mahane Yehuda market to reinforce power in Likud
Benjamin Netanyahu visited the shuk and bought falafel, but did not eat it on his way to the van parked illegally waiting for him.
By GIL HOFFMAN
OCTOBER 26, 2021 21:42
Opposition leader Benjamin Netanyahu is seen visiting the Mahane Yehuda market in Jerusalem with a falafel, on October 26, 2021.
(photo credit: MARC ISRAEL SELLEM/THE JERUSALEM POST)
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Opposition leader Benjamin Netanyahu made a brief appearance on Tuesday at Jerusalem’s Mahaneh Yehuda Market, where he was greeted by Likud supporters who chanted, “Bibi, King of Israel” and “Bennett, go home.”
Netanyahu has visited the market throughout his 33 years in politics to garner displays of his popularity but unlike in past visits, he did not tour the market, peruse the produce or speak to vendors.
Instead, Netanyahu came for five minutes, bought a falafel at Avraham Levy’s falafel stall and returned to the van that was illegally parked waiting for him. He did not speak to anyone or bite into the falafel, but he briefly stood on the door of the van and smiled and waved.
Sources close to Netanyahu said it was important for him to show that he remains head of the Likud, despite rumors that he may retire from politics after the state budget passes into law as early as next week.
At Monday’s Likud faction meeting, Netanyahu said he was swarmed by supporters when he got a haircut in Jerusalem’s Talpiot neighborhood. But Channel 12 later revealed a video indicating that there was just one woman who praised him outside Yaniv Malka’s barber shop on Bethlehem Road.
Opposition leader Benjamin Netanyahu is seen pushing his way through Jerusalem's Mahane Yehuda market, on October 26, 2021. (credit: MARC ISRAEL SELLEM/THE JERUSALEM POST)
Netanyahu is planning more events in Likud strongholds, starting with a rally in Beit She’an on Thursday. There will also be events in development towns in the Negev.
“This is all intended to show Bibi is strong and to bring the government down,” Likud spokesman Eli Hazan said.
A Netanyahu supporter is seen wearing a shirt in favor of the former prime minister in Jerusalem's Mahane Yehuda market, on October 26, 2021. (credit: MARC ISRAEL SELLEM/THE JERUSALEM POST)
Netanyahu is not the only one going back to the field. Yamina announced it is forming a municipal division headed by Interior Minister Ayelet Shaked.
The division will prepare for municipal elections that are set for 2023.
The Bayit Yehudi Party, which is not in the current Knesset, said it would form its own municipal division to compete with Yamina, Likud and other parties, adding that it would run together with them in some communities.
Netanyahu visits Mahane Yehuda market to reinforce power in Likud
Benjamin Netanyahu visited the shuk and bought falafel, but did not eat it on his way to the van parked illegally waiting for him.
By GIL HOFFMAN
OCTOBER 26, 2021 21:42
Opposition leader Benjamin Netanyahu is seen visiting the Mahane Yehuda market in Jerusalem with a falafel, on October 26, 2021.
(photo credit: MARC ISRAEL SELLEM/THE JERUSALEM POST)
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Opposition leader Benjamin Netanyahu made a brief appearance on Tuesday at Jerusalem’s Mahaneh Yehuda Market, where he was greeted by Likud supporters who chanted, “Bibi, King of Israel” and “Bennett, go home.”
Netanyahu has visited the market throughout his 33 years in politics to garner displays of his popularity but unlike in past visits, he did not tour the market, peruse the produce or speak to vendors.
Instead, Netanyahu came for five minutes, bought a falafel at Avraham Levy’s falafel stall and returned to the van that was illegally parked waiting for him. He did not speak to anyone or bite into the falafel, but he briefly stood on the door of the van and smiled and waved.
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Sources close to Netanyahu said it was important for him to show that he remains head of the Likud, despite rumors that he may retire from politics after the state budget passes into law as early as next week.
At Monday’s Likud faction meeting, Netanyahu said he was swarmed by supporters when he got a haircut in Jerusalem’s Talpiot neighborhood. But Channel 12 later revealed a video indicating that there was just one woman who praised him outside Yaniv Malka’s barber shop on Bethlehem Road.
Opposition leader Benjamin Netanyahu is seen pushing his way through Jerusalem's Mahane Yehuda market, on October 26, 2021. (credit: MARC ISRAEL SELLEM/THE JERUSALEM POST)
Netanyahu is planning more events in Likud strongholds, starting with a rally in Beit She’an on Thursday. There will also be events in development towns in the Negev.
“This is all intended to show Bibi is strong and to bring the government down,” Likud spokesman Eli Hazan said.
A Netanyahu supporter is seen wearing a shirt in favor of the former prime minister in Jerusalem's Mahane Yehuda market, on October 26, 2021. (credit: MARC ISRAEL SELLEM/THE JERUSALEM POST)
Netanyahu is not the only one going back to the field. Yamina announced it is forming a municipal division headed by Interior Minister Ayelet Shaked.
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The division will prepare for municipal elections that are set for 2023.
The Bayit Yehudi Party, which is not in the current Knesset, said it would form its own municipal division to compete with Yamina, Likud and other parties, adding that it would run together with them in some communities.
爪子步驟？以色列給 NIS 12m。幫助絕育流浪貓
以色列的流浪貓數量異常龐大，大約有 200 萬隻，而且還在不斷增長，但許多人生活在特別惡劣的環境中 • SPCA 的爆炸行動沒有解決真正的問題
通過AARON REICH
2021 年 10 月 26 日 19:54
阿耳忒彌斯是一隻以前流浪街頭的小貓，現在住在一個充滿愛的家中。
（圖片來源：Shira Silkoff）
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以色列的國家預算現在將增加用於幫助該國數量龐大的貓科動物的資金。
該交易由 Yesh Atid MK Jasmine Sax-Fridman 與農業部長 Oded Forer 和以色列議會財政委員會主席 MK Alex Kushnir（兩人均來自 Yisrael Beytenu）合作達成，預算將增加 1200 萬新謝克爾，超過前幾年分配的兩倍。
根據自稱是第三代貓餵食器的 Sax-Fridman 的倡議，將在 2022 年和 2023 年再次撥款 600 萬新謝克爾，以幫助對流浪貓進行絕育和絕育。
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“這是一個快速和臨時的解決方案，將被納入 2022-2023 年的國家預算，我們將繼續為當地貓的福利而戰，並減輕目前活動家肩上的經濟負擔，”薩克斯-弗里德曼說在一份聲明中。
庫什尼爾站出來堅決支持該倡議。
貓可以比人類更快地從 COVID-19 中恢復。他們的秘密是什麼？（信用：AARON REICH）
“每天，成千上萬沒有絕育或絕育的流浪貓都承受著不必要的痛苦和悲傷，”他在 Facebook 上寫道。“受傷和飢餓的小貓只有幾個月大就死了，許多貓一生都在受苦。”
以色列擁有極其龐大的貓群，以色列防止虐待動物協會 (SPCA) 將其列為超過 200 萬隻流浪貓，遠遠超過許多人口統計數據。
相比之下，正如法新社指出的那樣，在華盛頓，最近發起了一項計算該市貓的數量的工作。該DC貓伯爵將採取估計三年，但初步估算表明，全市有20萬貓人口-其中一半是只室內貓，並具有一定程度的訪問到戶外或雜散的另一半或者寵物貓貓。這發生在一個面積為 177 平方公里的城市中。人口超過 68 萬，是美國第 20 大城市。
Cheerio 貓在一個充滿愛的家中生活後於 2021 年去世，這是數百萬隻貓無法體驗的命運。（信用：加迪扎格）
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另一方面，耶路撒冷的面積要小得多，面積約為 125 平方公里，但人口卻超過 936,000。據估計，當地的流浪貓數量高達 30 萬隻。如果不對它們進行絕育和絕育，它們的人口將繼續增長。
這些貓中有許多生活在特別惡劣的條件下，許多人擔心這種情況只會在 COVID-19 危機中惡化。
以色列獸醫協會積極接受了新預算。
該協會在一份聲明中說：“我們歡迎新精神和政府決定增加照顧當地貓科動物的預算並有效管理它們的數量，”並指出他們支持防止動物遭受痛苦並改善它們的福祉.
兩年後，德懷特出現在她位於拉阿納納的新家中。（信用：ELISHEVA JACOBSON）
但是，令人驚訝的是，SPCA 對此舉並不滿意。
“農業部在貓身上花了這麼多錢，但什麼也沒發生。情況越來越糟，”SPCA 發言人加迪維特納解釋說。“他們對待街上的貓的方式絕對令人髮指。他們認為絕育和絕育可以解決問題，但街上不是貓的居住地：這是一場災難。這對他們來說很痛苦，並讓他們面臨開車的風險，狗和缺乏食物。”
他批評分配給貓絕育和絕育的錢，並補充說“農業部花錢很嚴重”。
“有很多更好的計劃，但如果你想在絕育和絕育上花錢，[每年] 600 萬是不夠的，”維特納說。“你需要 2000 萬新謝克爾，並製定一個非常嚴肅的五年計劃——然後也許你可以減少這些數字。
“但農業部做得不好：他們發錢只是為了公關，向人們展示他們有多好，他們是如何看待街上的貓的，但這是不對的，”他說。感嘆。
“貓甚至不應該出現在街上，這在以色列是一個非常大的問題。每天在 SPCA，我們都會看到發生在貓身上的恐怖事件，我們認為最好是農業部與救援組織坐在一起想出一個計劃，而不是僅僅給一些錢讓所有人閉嘴。”
維特納進一步指責此舉，稱這筆錢只會讓一組人受益：獸醫。“當他們在街上捕捉和釋放貓時，他們會賺大錢，但他們遭受的痛苦更多，”他說。“在世界各地，在西歐，你不會在街上看到這樣的貓或狗。在以色列，這太可怕了，”他說。
“如果農業部真的想停止苦難，我們為什麼要等這麼多年？他們為什麼不投入20-3000萬新謝克爾，制定一個好的計劃，從街頭拯救受苦的貓，並將它們帶到救援人員手中或者醫院——如果他們遭受如此可怕的痛苦，甚至將他們放下[憐憫殺戮]？”
Pawsitive step? Israel to give NIS 12m. to help spay, neuter stray cats
Israel's stray cat population is exceptionally large, numbering around 2 million and growing, but many live in especially poor conditions • SPCA blasts move for not addressing the real problem
By AARON REICH
OCTOBER 26, 2021 19:54
Artemis, a kitten formerly living on the streets, is now in a loving home.
(photo credit: Shira Silkoff)
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Israel's state budget will now see an increase in money allocated for helping out the country's exceptionally large population of cats.
The deal was reached by Yesh Atid MK Jasmine Sax-Fridman in cooperation with Agriculture Minister Oded Forer and Knesset Finance Committee chairman MK Alex Kushnir (both of whom are from Yisrael Beytenu), and will see the budget increase by NIS 12 million, more than double what had been allocated in previous years.
Per the initiative of Sax-Fridman, a self-professed third-generation cat feeder, NIS six million will be allocated in 2022 and again in 2023 to help spay and neuter stray cats.
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"This is a quick and temporary solution that will be integrated into the state budget for 2022-2023, and we will continue to fight for the welfare of local cats and reduce the economic burden currently on the shoulders of activists," Sax-Fridman said in a statement.
Kushnir came out in firm support of the initiative.
Cats can recover from COVID-19 faster than humans. What is their secret? (credit: AARON REICH)
"Every day, unnecessary suffering and grief are inflicted on thousands of stray cats that are not neutered or spayed," he wrote on Facebook. "Wounded and hungry kittens die as young as just a few months old, and many cats go through their lives suffering."
Israel has an extremely large population of cats, with the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in Israel (SPCA) placing it at over two million stray cats alone, far larger than many population demographics.
For comparison, in Washington, an effort has recently been launched to count the number of cats in the city, as noted by AFP. This DC Cat Count will take an estimated three years, but preliminary estimations suggest that the city has a population of 200,000 cats – half of them indoor-only cats, and the other half either pet cats with some degree of access to the outdoors or stray cats. This takes place in a city with an area of 177 sq. km. and a population of over 680,000, making it the 20th largest city in the US.
Cheerio the cat died in 2021 after living his life in a loving home, a fate millions of cats do not get to experience. (credit: Gadi Zaig)
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Jerusalem, on the other hand, is far smaller in size, with an area of around 125 sq.km., but a population of over 936,000. And its local stray cat population is, according to some estimates, a whopping 300,000. And without spaying and neutering them, their population will continue to grow.
Many of these cats live in especially poor conditions, and many people fear the situation was only worsened in the COVID-19 crisis.
THE NEW budget was received positively by the Association for Veterinarians in Israel.
"We welcome the new spirit and the government's decision to increase the budget for the care of local cats and to effectively regulate their population," the association said in a statement, noting that they support preventing the suffering of animals and improving their well-being.
Dwight, two years later, is seen in her new home in Ra'anana. (credit: ELISHEVA JACOBSON)
But, surprisingly, the SPCA was far from pleased with the move.
"The Agriculture Ministry spends so much money on the cats, but nothing ever happens. It just gets worse and worse," SPCA spokesman Gadi Vitner explained. "It's absolutely outrageous how they treat the cats on the streets. They think spaying and neutering can solve the problem, but the streets are not a place for cats to live: It's a disaster. It's painful for them and puts them at risk of cars, dogs and lack of food."
He criticized the amount of money allocated to spaying and neutering cats, adding that the "Agriculture Ministry spends the money very badly."
"There are a lot of better programs, but if you want to spend money on spaying and neutering, six million [per year] is not enough," Vitner said. "You'd need NIS 20 million and to make a very serious five-year plan – and then maybe you can reduce the numbers.
"But the Agriculture Ministry doesn't do it properly: They give out the money just for public relations and to show the people how good they are and how they're thinking about the cats on the streets, but it's not right," he lamented.
"The cats shouldn't even be on the streets, it's a very big problem in Israel. Every day at the SPCA we see the horrors that happen to the cats, and we think it's better if the Agriculture Ministry sat with the rescue organizations to come up with a plan rather than just give out some money to shut everyone up."
Vitner further accused the move, charging that the money only benefits one group: the veterinarians. "They make big business when they capture and release cats back on the streets and they just suffer even more," he said. "All over the world, in Western Europe, you don't see cats or dogs in the streets like this. In Israel, it's terrible," he said.
"If the Agriculture Ministry really wanted to stop the suffering, why did we have to wait so many years? Why don't they put NIS 20-30 million and make a good plan to save suffering cats from the streets and take them to rescuers or a hospital – and even put them down [mercy killing] if they're suffering so terribly?"
Michaeli 重新思考系統以防止將兒童遺忘在車內
一項要求安裝系統以防止將兒童遺忘在車內的法律原本打算在 8 月生效，但被推遲了。
通過耶路撒冷郵報STAFF
2021 年 10 月 26 日 19:47
2021 年 10 月 11 日，交通部長梅拉夫·米凱利 (Merav Michaeli) 在向記者舉行的簡報會上。
（照片來源：SHLOMI COHEN/GPO）
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交通部長梅拉夫米凱利告訴由 MK Michael Biton（藍色和白色）領導的財政委員會，週二沒有必要強制安裝一個系統來防止孩子忘記車內。
法律要求任何載有 4 歲以下兒童的汽車安裝系統，以防止將兒童遺忘在車內。該法律原定於 8 月生效，但被推遲到 2022 年 3 月。交通部最初要求將法律推遲一年，但只給了六個月。委員會開會聽取了米凱利關於該法制定準備工作的報告。
Michaeli 在會議上宣布交通部正在重新考慮該法律，但比頓回答說他並不急於取消並要求 300,000 新謝克爾的補貼以將該系統安裝到舊車上。
Michaeli 的報告顯示，自今年年初以來，只有 5% 的新車是使用該系統製造的。對於還沒有系統的汽車，22家公司的系統獲得批准。這些系統的價格在 NIS 150 和 NIS 500 之間，安裝成本高達 1,000 NIS。
米凱利在會議上說：“我認為這個問題沒有以專業和有組織的方式討論這一事實沒有任何分歧，所以我們花時間進行了調查。” “我認為，如果政府要對其公民提出要求，就需要有一個很好的理由，政府不應該覺得它寫了一部法律，現在一切都好了。如果我們想強加這部法律，我們需要為它的效率提供真正的理由。從我們目前看到的情況來看，這些要求似乎沒有得到滿足。”
i2/4 BABY 按鈕系統已被交通部批准（來源：SHUTTERSTOCK AND KAFTOR）
交通部副部長 Avner Floor 表示，該部仍在調查此事。目前，只有意大利有這項法律，弗洛爾表示他們無法確定它是否有效。
MK Boaz Toporowski 提醒委員會，該法律是由交通部推動的，交通部已經解釋了其重要性。他補充說，該法律是經過專業討論後通過的，現在被稱為愚蠢是沒有意義的。
比頓在會議結束時表示，會議旨在處理更新，但尚未實現。他補充說，12 月底將舉行另一次會議，只會討論最新情況。
“對於下一次會議，提出解決方案而不是解釋，”他說。“不幸的是，我們召開了一次會議以了解[法律]實施的最新情況，但卻得到了一個甚至沒有必要的解釋。”
Michaeli rethinks system to prevent forgetting children in cars
A law requiring the installation of systems to prevent forgetting children in cars was mean to come into effect in August but was delayed.
By JERUSALEM POST STAFF
OCTOBER 26, 2021 19:47
Transportation Minister Merav Michaeli at a briefing to reporters, October 11, 2021.
(photo credit: SHLOMI COHEN/GPO)
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Transportation Minister Merav Michaeli told the Finance Committee led by MK Michael Biton (Blue and White) that it is not necessary to enforce the installation of a system to prevent forgetting children in the car on Tuesday.
The law would require any car in which a child under the age of 4 is driven to install a system to prevent forgetting the child in the car. The law was supposed to come into effect in August but was delayed until March 2022. The Transportation Ministry had originally asked to delay the law for a year but was only given six months. The committee met to receive a report from Michaeli about the preparations for the enactment of the law.
Michaeli announced at the meeting that the Transportation Ministry was reconsidering the law, but Biton replied that he was not eager to cancel and demanded a NIS 300,000 subsidization to install the system into older cars.
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Michaeli's report revealed that only 5% of new cars since the beginning of the year were manufactured with the system. For cars that do not yet have a system, 22 companies' systems were approved. the price of the systems ranges between NIS 150 and NIS 500, and installation can cost up to NIS 1,000.
"I don't think there is any disagreement on the fact that the issue was not discussed in a professional and organized manner, so we took time to look into it," said Michaeli in the meeting. "I think that if a government is going to impose requirements on its citizens, there needs to be a very good reason, and the government shouldn't feel like it wrote a law and now everything is okay. If we want to impose this law, we need to have a real justification for its efficiency. From what we've seen thus far, it seems that these requirements are not met."
The i2/4 BABY button system has been okayed by the Transport Ministry (credit: SHUTTERSTOCK AND KAFTOR)
Deputy Director-General of the Transportation Ministry Avner Floor said that the ministry is still looking into the matter. Currently, only Italy has this law in effect, and Floor said that they have not been able to determine if it was effective or not.
MK Boaz Toporowski reminded the committee that the law was pushed by the Transportation Ministry, who had explained its importance. He added that the law was passed after a professional discussion, and it doesn't make sense that now it's being called a folly.
Biton concluded the meeting, saying that the meeting was meant to deal with updates, but that had not been achieved. He added that there would be another meeting at the end of December that will only discuss updates.
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"For the next meeting, bring solutions and not explanations," he said. "It's unfortunate that we held a meeting to get updates on the actualization [of the law] and instead get an explanation that it isn't even necessary."
以色列重新加入歐盟科學計劃，不包括猶太和撒馬利亞
Horizo​​n Europe 是歐盟最大的研發項目，但不包括來自有爭議領土的資金。
通過LAHAV哈爾科夫
2021 年 10 月 26 日 20:39
東耶路撒冷的鳥瞰圖：徹底的轉變
（圖片來源：MOSHE SHAI/FLASH90）
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以色列和歐盟已經完成了以色列加入地平線歐洲科學研究資助計劃的談判，其中包括一項有爭議的條款，禁止在東耶路撒冷、戈蘭高地以及猶太和撒馬利亞使用這些資金。
Horizo​​n Europe是迄今為止歐盟最大的研發計劃，預算為 955 億歐元（111 億美元）。過去幾輪地平線歐洲計劃幫助資助了以色列學術界和私營部門的技術研究和開發。
“以色列加入地平線是另一個方面，它使以色列成為世界上最大和最重要的研發計劃的核心參與者，”外交部長亞伊爾拉皮德說。
2021-2027 年歐洲地平線計劃包括前七年的領土排除條款，即地平線 2020，這些條款在 2013 年談判時在政治和外交上都存在爭議。
2013年，時任司法部長齊皮·利夫尼與當時的歐盟外交使節凱瑟琳·阿什頓達成協議，其中包括時任經濟部長的納夫塔利·貝內特總理提出的妥協方案。它包括一個附錄，稱以色列基於法律和政治理由反對將猶太和撒瑪利亞排除在外。
該協議還要求申請歐洲貸款或贈款的以色列公司、組織或學術機構建立機制，以確保資金不會通過綠線進行投資。
現在已經達成最終草案，預計政府和議會將批准該協議及其和解排除條款。
曾任外交部長和副外長的財政部長阿維格多·利伯曼（Avigdor Liberman）和建築和住房部長澤夫·埃爾金（Ze'ev Elkin）在 2013 年強烈反對該協議。貝內特雖然是經濟部長，但並未簽署該協議；相反，當時的科學部長 Ya'acov Peri 做到了。
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埃爾金的辦公室表示，他反對較早的《地平線 2020 協議》草案，但在他和貝內特就領土條件的“更溫和”版本進行談判後，他和利庫德集團的其他部長支持該草案。
“這一次，只要是和2013年一樣的版本，埃爾金都會支持協議，”他的發言人說。“與此同時，由於埃爾金和新希望黨在聯盟談判中的要求，政府週日決定增加 7000 萬新謝克爾，以加強愛麗兒大學並解決其學生的預算問題。”
總理辦公室沒有發表評論。
但這一次，利伯曼稱讚了地平線計劃，稱它是“世界領先的研發計劃之一……以色列加入該計劃表達了以色列對研發投資和支持的重要性，認為這是未來發展的關鍵。經濟增長。”
去年，當政府權衡對猶太和撒馬利亞的以色列城鎮行使主權時，歐盟消息人士稱，如果以色列通過兼併，它可能會被排除在地平線計劃之外。當以色列與阿拉伯聯合酋長國簽署和平與正常化的亞伯拉罕協議時，該計劃被取消。
從本塔爾山俯瞰戈蘭高地與敘利亞的邊界，2020 年 8 月 22 日（圖片來源：YONATAN SINDEL/FLASH90）
近年來，外交部與財政部、司法部、創新部、科技部和高等教育委員會以及歐盟就以色列加入地平線歐洲進行了談判，該計劃被認為是雙方之間的旗艦夥伴關係。該協議定於12月正式簽署。
“加入地平線會帶來高質量的就業、技術進步和新的以色列企業……外交部正在繼續為以色列創造經濟和科學機會，”拉皮德說。
以色列創新局首席科學家 Ami Appelbaum 表示，以色列實體已收到超過 €1.3b。（$1.5b.）來自先前的項目地平線 2020，該項目“對研究質量產生了重大的積極影響，加強了以色列學術界的國際聲譽及其與歐洲研究界的聯繫。”
他說，這些影響可以從國際市場滲透率和增長潛力方面看出，並補充說地平線歐洲計劃是“以色列經濟的戰略資產”。
外交部負責經濟的副總幹事 Yael Rabia-Tzadok 表示，該協議顯示了歐洲對以色列作為科學、技術和創新資產的信任。
美國通過擴大與以色列的科學協議將這些地區以及戈蘭高地包括在內，將特朗普政府關於朱迪亞和撒馬利亞定居點本身並不違法的聲明付諸行動。這些協議的新版本於 2020 年 10 月在阿里爾大學簽署；拜登政府並沒有逆轉。
3 月，來自歐洲和以色列的 500 名學者簽署了一封信，呼籲歐盟確保其資金不用於涉及綠線外的阿里爾大學的項目。他們列舉了阿里爾大學參與地平線 2020 項目的實例，並表示“在項目材料上錯誤地表明它位於以色列。”
“研究項目不應該被用來使以色列非法定居點合法化或以其他方式維持，”信中說。“如果不進一步授權以色列的非法軍事佔領和對數百萬巴勒斯坦人的壓迫，不進一步損害巴勒斯坦人民根據國際法享有的不可剝奪和普遍公認的權利，歐盟就無法逃避自己在這方面的義務。”
Israel rejoins EU science program excluding Judea and Samaria
Horizon Europe is the EU’s largest research and development program but excludes funds from disputed territories.
By LAHAV HARKOV
OCTOBER 26, 2021 20:39
AERIAL VIEW of east Jerusalem: Radical shift
(photo credit: MOSHE SHAI/FLASH90)
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Israel and the European Union have completed negotiations for Israel to join the Horizon Europe scientific research funding program, which includes a controversial clause banning the use of the funds in east Jerusalem, the Golan Heights and Judea and Samaria.
Horizon Europe is the EU’s largest research and development program to date, with a budget of €95.5 billion ($111b.). Past rounds of the Horizon Europe program have helped fund Israeli technological research and developments in academia and the private sector.
“Israel joining Horizon is another aspect that positions Israel as a central player in the largest and most important research and development program in the world,” Foreign Minister Yair Lapid said.
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The 2021-2027 Horizon Europe program includes the territorial exclusion clauses from the previous seven years, Horizon 2020, which were politically and diplomatically controversial when they were negotiated in 2013.
In 2013, then-justice minister Tzipi Livni reached an agreement with the EU foreign envoy at the time, Catherine Ashton, which included a compromise suggested by Prime Minister Naftali Bennett, who was economy minister at the time. It included an appendix that said Israel opposes the exclusion of Judea and Samaria on legal and political grounds.
The agreement also requires Israeli companies, organizations or academic institutes that apply for European loans or grants to set up a mechanism to ensure that the funds do not get invested over the Green Line.
Now that a final draft has been reached, the government and Knesset are expected to approve the agreement with its settlement exclusion clauses.
Finance Minister Avigdor Liberman and Construction and Housing Minister Ze’ev Elkin, who were formerly foreign minister and deputy foreign minister, respectively, strongly opposed the agreement in 2013. Bennett did not sign the agreement, even though he was the economy minister; instead, then-science minister Ya’acov Peri did.
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Elkin’s office said he had opposed an earlier draft of the Horizon 2020 agreement, but he and the rest of Likud’s ministers supported it after he and Bennett negotiated a “softer” version of the territorial conditions.
“This time, as long as it is the same version as in 2013, Elkin will support the agreement,” his spokesman said. “At the same time, thanks to a demand by Elkin and the New Hope Party in coalition negotiations, the government decided on Sunday to add NIS 70 million to strengthen Ariel University and solve budgetary problems for its students.”
The Prime Minister’s Office did not comment.
But this time, Liberman praised the Horizon program, saying it was “one of the leading research and development programs in the world… Israel joining the program expresses the importance Israel puts on investment and support for research and development as a key to future economic growth.”
Last year, when the government weighed applying sovereignty to Israeli towns in Judea and Samaria, EU sources said Israel could be left out of the Horizon program if it went through with annexation. That plan was scrapped when Israel signed the Abraham Accords for peace and normalization with the United Arab Emirates.
The view from Mount Bental, overlooking the border with Syria in the Golan Heights, August 22, 2020 (credit: YONATAN SINDEL/FLASH90)
The Foreign Ministry, along with the Finance, Justice, and Innovation, Science and Technology ministries and the Council for Higher Education, and the EU negotiated Israel’s membership in Horizon Europe in recent years, and the program is considered the flagship partnership between the sides. The agreement is set to be officially signed in December.
“Joining Horizon brings high-quality employment, technological advancement and new Israeli businesses… The Foreign Ministry is continuing to create economic and scientific opportunities for Israel,” Lapid said.
Chief Scientist of the Israel Innovation Authority Ami Appelbaum said Israeli entities have received more than €1.3b. ($1.5b.) from Horizon 2020, the previous program, which had “a significant positive influence on the quality of research, strengthening Israeli academia’s international reputation and its connections with the European research community.”
Those influences can be seen in terms of international market penetration and growth potential, he said, adding that the Horizon Europe program was “a strategic asset for Israel’s economy.”
Foreign Ministry Deputy Director-General for Economics Yael Rabia-Tzadok said the agreement shows Europe’s trust in Israel as a science, technology and innovation asset.
The US put the Trump administration’s declaration that settlements in Judea and Samaria are not illegal per se into action by expanding scientific agreements with Israel to include those areas, as well as the Golan Heights. The new versions of those agreements were signed at Ariel University in October 2020; the Biden administration has not reversed them.
In March, 500 academics from Europe and Israel signed a letter calling for the EU to ensure that none of its funds are used for projects involving Ariel University, which is over the Green Line. They cited instances in which Ariel University was involved in Horizon 2020 projects and said it was “falsely indicated on project material as located in Israel.”
“Research projects should not be used to legitimize or otherwise sustain illegal Israeli settlements,” the letter said. “The EU cannot resile from its own obligations in this respect without further empowering Israel’s unlawful military occupation and its oppression of millions of Palestinians, and without further undermining the Palestinian people’s inalienable and universally recognized rights under international law.”
以色列政府未能為氣候危機做好準備 - 主計長
以色列未能實現包括能源和運輸在內的多個部門設定的排放目標，並且在應對危機方面落後於其他經合組織國家。
作者：SHIRA SILKOFF
2021 年 10 月 26 日 21:05
2018 年 1 月 27 日，哈德拉發電站的景色。
（照片來源：MILA AVIV/FLASH90）
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週二，一份題為“以色列政府的行動及其應對氣候危機的準備”的新國家審計長報告顯示，以色列的絕對碳排放率自 1990 年以來上升了 103%，自 2005 年以來上升了 12% 。
該報告審查了以色列面對氣候緊急情況的準備情況，並考察了政府各部委和公共機構已經或尚未採取哪些措施來應對氣候變化的影響。
由於以色列的地理位置，該國面臨氣候變化極端影響的風險增加，其中一些已經開始感受到。
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儘管如此，以色列是世界上僅有的幾個沒有製定預算和批准的應對氣候緊急情況計劃的發達國家之一，該國 84% 的公共機構根本沒有應對氣候變化影響的計劃，國家審計長馬塔尼亞胡·恩格曼說。
“氣候危機影響到生活的方方面面——環境、經濟、健康、交通等等，”他在報告發布前說。“我認為以色列在評估氣候危機的全球努力中成為合作夥伴的重要性。我們欠我們自己，甚至更多地欠我們的孩子和子孫後代。”
特拉維夫 Ayalon 高速公路上的交通堵塞。（圖片來源：MIRIAM ALSTER/FLASH90）
應對氣候變化的最大因素之一是減少溫室氣體排放，這主要是由於在電力生產和運輸中使用化石燃料造成的。儘管是 2015 年巴黎協定的一部分，這是一項具有法律約束力的氣候變化國際條約，但以色列在降低排放領域未能取得太大進展。
在 2016 年接受調查的約 29 個經濟合作與發展組織 (OECD) 國家中，以色列的人均排放率排名第 10 位，這意味著其排放率與中等國家相同。
其他經合組織國家設定了絕對減排目標，而以色列的排放量是按人均計算的，只要人口增長，以色列的絕對排放量就會上升。這意味著排放率並沒有絕對減少，儘管從人均排放率來看，似乎有所減少。
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例如，自 1990 年以來，德國的絕對排放率下降了 40% 以上，澳大利亞下降了 15%，而以色列的排放率翻了一番多，上升了 103%。
自 2005 年以來，以色列的絕對排放率增加了 12%，而澳大利亞下降了 22%，而歐盟作為一個整體成功地將其降低了 21%。
Englman 審視了以色列的各個部門，表示在實現目標方面取得的進展從“滯後到零”不等，實際上已經設定或實現的目標很少。
2015 年，在時任交通部長以色列卡茨的指示下，交通部承諾將私人通勤減少 20%。審計長的調查發現，它不僅沒有做到這一點，而且私人通勤從 420 億公里增加了。2015 年達到 500 億公里。在 2019 年。
根據環境保護部今年 5 月發布的年度報告，政府預計不會實現交通部門設定的目標。
此外，Englman 發現，截至 2020 年，以色列只有 0.05% 的汽車是電動汽車，而為增加這一數字而採取的措施仍處於起步階段。
儘管最初於 2019 年制定了從 2030 年起禁止進口內燃機汽車的計劃，但能源部決定將這一決定推遲到 2035 年，理由是 COVID-19 大流行，儘管沒有其他國家這樣做或證明有必要這樣做。
報告發現，以工黨領袖梅拉夫米凱利為首的交通部未能製定詳細計劃來減少交通部門的溫室氣體排放。他們計劃的重要部分仍然只是提案，其中許多還不清楚。
已提出但未實施的提案或政策包括增加對公共交通和公共交通系統的投資以及關閉街道以鼓勵步行或騎自行車。然而，這些計劃實際降低排放的程度尚未計算或澄清。
報告發現，另一個未能在實現氣候目標方面取得重大進展的部門是能源部門。
2008 年，埃胡德·奧爾默特 (Ehud Olmert) 領導下的以色列政府承諾，到 2020 年，該國的能源使用量將比 2006 年減少 20%。然而，報告發現它沒有成功實現目標，能源消耗量僅減少了 12.4%。
次年，奧爾默特政府承諾到 2020 年將以色列可再生能源的使用量增加 10%。然而，在調查時，可再生能源的使用量僅增加了 6.1%。
這令人擔憂，因為它嚴重懷疑以色列能否成功實現其到 2030 年增加 17% 的初始目標。這也意味著，儘管是所有經合組織國家中最低的目標，但新提出的增加 30% 的目標到 2030 年幾乎是不可能的。
能源部門獲得 8 億新謝克爾以實現其目標和減少溫室氣體排放，但 5 億新謝克爾。報告發現，由於缺乏批准的計劃而未使用。
報告發現，政府與具體氣候行動計劃之間的最大問題是，與其他問題相比，政府部門內部缺乏人力、預算或對氣候問題的關注。此外，未能宣布氣候危機進入緊急狀態意味著沒有採取長期預防方法或系統性準備來應對預期的影響，它說。
然而，自從在政府機構之間分發報告以來，已經開始製定宣布緊急狀態的計劃，這反映了朝著正確方向邁出的一步，恩格曼說。
報告稱：“以色列沒有為氣候危機做好準備，以色列的政策觀念尚未改變以反映該問題。” “84% 的公共機構根本沒有應對氣候危機的計劃。”
以色列自然保護協會 (SPNI) 的氣候主管 Shira Liberty 表示，該報告是“開創先例”，是“關於以色列氣候主題的最深入、最全面的文件之一”。
“不幸的是，主計長指出，沒有國家計劃為氣候變化做準備，”她說。“SPNI 支持並加強主計長及其工作人員陳述令人不快的現實：以色列國沒有致力於實現令人滿意的目標，並且未能實現這些目標。”
Israel's government failing to prepare for climate crisis - comptroller
Israel has failed to meet emissions targets set in multiple sectors, including energy and transport, and has fallen behind other OECD countries in preparing for the crisis.
By SHIRA SILKOFF
OCTOBER 26, 2021 21:05
View of the Power Station in Hadera, on Janury 27, 2018.
(photo credit: MILA AVIV/FLASH90)
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Israel’s absolute carbon emission rates have risen by 103% since 1990 and 12% since 2005, a new State Comptroller’s Report titled “The actions of the Israeli government and its preparations for the climate crisis” revealed on Tuesday.
The report examines Israel’s readiness in the face of the climate emergency and looks at what measures have or have not been taken by government ministries and public bodies to deal with the effects of climate change.
Due to Israel’s geographical location, the country is at an increased risk to feel extreme effects of climate change, some of which have already begun to be felt.
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Despite this, Israel is one of the only developed countries in the world without a budgeted and approved plan in place to fight the climate emergency, and 84% of the country’s public bodies have no plan at all to deal with the effects of climate change, State Comptroller Matanyahu Englman said.
“The climate crisis affects all areas of life – the environment, the economy, health, transportation and more,” he said ahead of the report’s release. “I see the importance of Israel being a partner in the global effort in assessing the climate crisis. We owe it to ourselves and even more to our children and future generations.”
TRAFFIC JAMS on the Ayalon highway in Tel Aviv. (credit: MIRIAM ALSTER/FLASH90)
One of the biggest factors in fighting climate change is the reduction of greenhouse-gas emissions, which are caused primarily by the use of fossil fuels in electricity production and transportation. Despite being part of the 2015 Paris Agreement, a legally binding international treaty on climate change, Israel has failed to make much headway in the field of lowering emissions.
Of some 29 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries surveyed in 2016, Israel ranked No. 10 with the highest emission rates per capita, meaning that its emission rates are the same as those of a medium-sized country.
Whereas other OECD countries have set absolute emission-reduction targets, Israel’s emissions are measured per capita, which allows the absolute amount of emissions to rise so long as the population is growing, which Israel’s is. That means there has not been an absolute reduction in emission rates, even though, while looking at the emission rates per capita, it would appear that there has been a reduction.
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For example, whereas Germany’s absolute emission rates have fallen more than 40% since 1990 and Australia’s by 15%, Israel’s rates more than doubled, rising 103%.
Since 2005, Israel’s absolute emission rates have risen an additional 12%, whereas Australia’s fell 22%, and the EU as a whole successfully reduced its by 21%.
Examining the various sectors across Israel, Englman said the progress being made to meet targets ranged from “lagging to zero,” with very few targets actually having been set or achieved.
In 2015, the Transportation Ministry, under the directive of then-transportation minister Israel Katz, pledged to cut private commuting by 20%. Not only did it fail to do this, the comptroller’s investigation found, but there was an increase in private commuting from 42 billion km. in 2015 to 50 billion km. in 2019.
ACCORDING TO an annual report produced by the Environmental Protection Ministry this May, the government was not expected to meet the targets set in the transportation sector.
Additionally, as of 2020, only 0.05% of cars in Israel were electric, and the steps being taken to increase this number are still in their infancy, Englman found.
Despite plans originally made in 2019 to ban the importation of vehicles with internal-combustion engines from 2030 onward, the Energy Ministry decided to postpone this decision until 2035, citing the COVID-19 pandemic as the reason, despite no other countries doing the same or demonstrating that there was a need to do so.
The report found that the Transportation Ministry, headed by Labor leader Merav Michaeli, has failed to formulate a detailed plan to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions in the transportation sector. Significant parts of their plans remain simply proposals, with many of them unclear.
Proposals or policies that have been suggested but not implemented include increased investment in public transportation and mass transit systems and closing streets to traffic to encourage walking or cycling. However, the extent to which these plans will actually lower emissions has not been calculated or clarified.
Another sector that is failing to make significant progress in achieving its climate goals is the energy sector, the report found.
In 2008, the Israeli government under Ehud Olmert pledged that by 2020, the country’s energy usage would be reduced by 20% from what it was in 2006. However, the report found that it did not successfully meet its goal, and energy consumption has only been reduced by 12.4%.
The following year, Olmert’s government pledged to increase the use of renewable energy in Israel by 10% by the year 2020. However, at the time of the investigation, renewable energy usage had only increased by 6.1%.
This is a cause for concern because it creates serious doubt that Israel will successfully meet its initial goal of a 17% increase by 2030. It also means that despite being the lowest target of all OECD countries, the newly proposed goal of a 30% increase by 2030 will be almost impossible.
The energy sector was granted NIS 800 million to reach its goals and reduce greenhouse-gas emissions, but NIS 500m. was unused due to a lack of approved plans, the report found.
The biggest issue standing between the government and a concrete climate action plan is a lack of allocation of manpower, budget or attention to the climate issue inside government ministries, compared with other issues, the report found. Additionally, the failure to declare a state of emergency over the climate crisis means that no long-term prevention methods or systemic preparations are being made to deal with the predicted effects, it said.
However, since the distribution of the report among government bodies, plans have started to be formed to declare a state of emergency, reflecting a step in the right direction, Englman said.
“Israel is not prepared for the climate crisis, and there has not yet been a change in Israel’s policy perception to reflect the issue,” the report said. “Eighty-four percent of public bodies have no plan at all to deal with the climate crisis.”
Shira Liberty, climate director for the Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel (SPNI), said the report was “precedent-setting” and “one of the most in-depth and comprehensive documents written on the subject of climate in Israel.”
“Unfortunately, the comptroller points out that there is no national plan to prepare for climate change,” she said. “SPNI backs up and strengthens the comptroller and his staff in stating the unpleasant reality: The State of Israel is not committed to satisfactory goals, and it is failing to implement them.”
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