Sleep-time Compute: Beyond Inference Scaling at Test-time

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The Innovators & Investors Podcast

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Venture Investing in Mobility + Tech with University of Michigan’s Early-Stage Zell Lurie Commercialization Fund 39:30

22 روز پیش39:30

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39:30

In this episode of The Innovators & Investors Podcast, host Kristian Marquez sits down with David Brem, Managing Director of the University of Michigan’s Zell Lurie Commercialization Fund. David offers a rare glimpse into the inner workings of a student-led endowment fund focused on early-stage, sector-agnostic investments primarily in the Michigan ecosystem. He shares insights on their unique, founder-first investment approach, how they navigate pre-seed to Series A venture opportunities, and the rigorous due diligence process involving qualitative analysis over pure numbers. David also discusses his roles with global VC networks including Electro Ventures, the London Venture Capital Network, and Level Up Ventures, illustrating how he bridges U.S., European, and Australian venture ecosystems with a special focus on mobility and transportation tech. Highlights include deep dives into emerging trends like eVTOLs (electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft), smart city infrastructure, and safety innovations in aviation technology. Listeners will gain valuable perspectives on how diverse expertise—from military intelligence and management consulting to academic ventures—shapes David’s investment thesis and community-building efforts. The episode also explores the importance of networking, adding value in the startup ecosystem, and practical advice for aspiring investors or entrepreneurs navigating the venture capital world. With stories of successes, challenges, and future outlooks, this episode is a must-listen for innovators, founders, and investors aiming to understand the intersection of academia, technology, and venture capital in today’s dynamic landscape. Learn more about David's work at https://zli.umich.edu/zell-lurie-commercialization-fund/ Connect with David on LinkedIn at https://www.linkedin.com/in/david-lowell-brem/ Think you'd be a great guest on the show? Apply at https://finstratmgmt.com/innovators-investors-podcast/ Want to learn more about Kristian Marquez's work? Check out his website at https://finstratmgmt.com…

حدود یک سال پیش 30:24

MP3•خانه قسمت

What if your LLM could think ahead—preparing answers before questions are even asked?

In this week's paper read, we dive into a groundbreaking new paper from researchers at Letta, introducing sleep-time compute: a novel technique that lets models do their heavy lifting offline, well before the user query arrives. By predicting likely questions and precomputing key reasoning steps, sleep-time compute dramatically reduces test-time latency and cost—without sacrificing performance.

We explore new benchmarks—Stateful GSM-Symbolic, Stateful AIME, and the multi-query extension of GSM—that show up to 5x lower compute at inference, 2.5x lower cost per query, and up to 18% higher accuracy when scaled.

You’ll also see how this method applies to realistic agent use cases and what makes it most effective.If you care about LLM efficiency, scalability, or cutting-edge research.
Explore more AI research, or sign up to hear the next session live.

Learn more about AI observability and evaluation, join the Arize AI Slack community or get the latest on LinkedIn and X.

52 قسمت

#Science #Tech #Math #Business #Arize AI

Sleep-time Compute: Beyond Inference Scaling at Test-time

Deep Papers

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published حدود یک سال پیش

اشتراک گذاری

MP3•خانه قسمت

What if your LLM could think ahead—preparing answers before questions are even asked?

Learn more about AI observability and evaluation, join the Arize AI Slack community or get the latest on LinkedIn and X.

52 قسمت

#Science #Tech #Math #Business #Arize AI

Tüm bölümler

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10 weeks پیش30:24

30:24

What if your LLM could think ahead —preparing answers before questions are even asked? In this week's paper read , we dive into a groundbreaking new paper from researchers at Letta, introducing sleep-time compute: a novel technique that lets models do their heavy lifting offline , well before the user query arrives. By predicting likely questions and precomputing key reasoning steps, sleep-time compute dramatically reduces test-time latency and cost—without sacrificing performance. We explore new benchmarks—Stateful GSM-Symbolic, Stateful AIME, and the multi-query extension of GSM—that show up to 5x lower compute at inference, 2.5x lower cost per query, and up to 18% higher accuracy when scaled. You’ll also see how this method applies to realistic agent use cases and what makes it most effective.If you care about LLM efficiency, scalability, or cutting-edge research. Explore more AI research, or sign up to hear the next session live . Learn more about AI observability and evaluation , join the Arize AI Slack community or get the latest on LinkedIn and X .…

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1 year پیش43:01

43:01

This week we dive into the latest buzz in the AI world – the arrival of Claude 3. Claude 3 is the newest family of models in the LLM space, and Opus Claude 3 ( Anthropic's "most intelligent" Claude model ) challenges the likes of GPT-4. The Claude 3 family of models, according to Anthropic "sets new industry benchmarks," and includes "three state-of-the-art models in ascending order of capability: Claude 3 Haiku, Claude 3 Sonnet, and Claude 3 Opus." Each of these models "allows users to select the optimal balance of intelligence, speed, and cost." We explore Anthropic’s recent paper , and walk through Arize’s latest research comparing Claude 3 to GPT-4. This discussion is relevant to researchers, practitioners, or anyone who's curious about the future of AI. Find the full transcript and more here: https://arize.com/blog/anthropic-claude-3/ Learn more about AI observability and evaluation , join the Arize AI Slack community or get the latest on LinkedIn and X .…

Deep Papers

1
Reinforcement Learning in the Era of LLMs 44:49

1 year پیش44:49

44:49

We’re exploring Reinforcement Learning in the Era of LLMs this week with Claire Longo, Arize’s Head of Customer Success. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered wide attention and led to successful products such as ChatGPT and GPT-4. Their proficiency in adhering to instructions and delivering harmless, helpful, and honest (3H) responses can largely be attributed to the technique of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF). This week’s paper, aims to link the research in conventional RL to RL techniques used in LLM research and demystify this technique by discussing why, when, and how RL excels. Learn more about AI observability and evaluation , join the Arize AI Slack community or get the latest on LinkedIn and X .…

Deep Papers

1
Sora: OpenAI’s Text-to-Video Generation Model 45:08

1 year پیش45:08

45:08

This week, we discuss the implications of Text-to-Video Generation and speculate as to the possibilities (and limitations) of this incredible technology with some hot takes. Dat Ngo, ML Solutions Engineer at Arize, is joined by community member and AI Engineer Vibhu Sapra to review OpenAI’s technical report on their Text-To-Video Generation Model: Sora. According to OpenAI, “Sora can generate videos up to a minute long while maintaining visual quality and adherence to the user’s prompt.” At the time of this recording, the model had not been widely released yet, but was becoming available to red teamers to assess risk, and also to artists to receive feedback on how Sora could be helpful for creatives. At the end of our discussion, we also explore EvalCrafter: Benchmarking and Evaluating Large Video Generation Models. This recent paper proposed a new framework and pipeline to exhaustively evaluate the performance of the generated videos, which we look at in light of Sora. Learn more about AI observability and evaluation , join the Arize AI Slack community or get the latest on LinkedIn and X .…

Deep Papers

1
RAG vs Fine-Tuning 39:49

1 year پیش39:49

39:49

This week, we’re discussing "RAG vs Fine-Tuning: Pipelines, Tradeoff, and a Case Study on Agriculture." This paper explores a pipeline for fine-tuning and RAG, and presents the tradeoffs of both for multiple popular LLMs, including Llama2-13B, GPT-3.5, and GPT-4. The authors propose a pipeline that consists of multiple stages, including extracting information from PDFs, generating questions and answers, using them for fine-tuning, and leveraging GPT-4 for evaluating the results. Overall, the results point to how systems built using LLMs can be adapted to respond and incorporate knowledge across a dimension that is critical for a specific industry, paving the way for further applications of LLMs in other industrial domains. Learn more about AI observability and evaluation , join the Arize AI Slack community or get the latest on LinkedIn and X .…

Deep Papers

1
HyDE: Precise Zero-Shot Dense Retrieval without Relevance Labels 36:22

1 year پیش36:22

36:22

We discuss HyDE: a thrilling zero-shot learning technique that combines GPT-3’s language understanding with contrastive text encoders. HyDE revolutionizes information retrieval and grounding in real-world data by generating hypothetical documents from queries and retrieving similar real-world documents. It outperforms traditional unsupervised retrievers, rivaling fine-tuned retrievers across diverse tasks and languages. This leap in zero-shot learning efficiently retrieves relevant real-world information without task-specific fine-tuning, broadening AI model applicability and effectiveness. Link to transcript and live recording: https://arize.com/blog/hyde-paper-reading-and-discussion/ Learn more about AI observability and evaluation , join the Arize AI Slack community or get the latest on LinkedIn and X .…

Deep Papers

1
Phi-2 Model 44:29

1 year پیش44:29

44:29

We dive into Phi-2 and some of the major differences and use cases for a small language model (SLM) versus an LLM. With only 2.7 billion parameters, Phi-2 surpasses the performance of Mistral and Llama-2 models at 7B and 13B parameters on various aggregated benchmarks. Notably, it achieves better performance compared to 25x larger Llama-2-70B model on multi-step reasoning tasks, i.e., coding and math. Furthermore, Phi-2 matches or outperforms the recently-announced Google Gemini Nano 2, despite being smaller in size. Find the transcript and live recording: https://arize.com/blog/phi-2-model Learn more about AI observability and evaluation , join the Arize AI Slack community or get the latest on LinkedIn and X .…

Deep Papers

1
A Deep Dive Into Generative's Newest Models: Gemini vs Mistral (Mixtral-8x7B)–Part I 47:50

۲ years پیش47:50

47:50

For the last paper read of the year, Arize CPO & Co-Founder, Aparna Dhinakaran, is joined by a Dat Ngo (ML Solutions Architect) and Aman Khan (Product Manager) for an exploration of the new kids on the block: Gemini and Mixtral-8x7B. There's a lot to cover, so this week's paper read is Part I in a series about Mixtral and Gemini. In Part I, we provide some background and context for Mixtral 8x7B from Mistral AI, a high-quality sparse mixture of experts model (SMoE) that outperforms Llama 2 70B on most benchmarks with 6x faster inference Mixtral also matches or outperforms GPT3.5 on most benchmarks. This open-source model was optimized through supervised fine-tuning and direct preference optimization. Stay tuned for Part II in January, where we'll build on this conversation in and discuss Gemini-developed by teams at DeepMind and Google Research. Link to transcript and live recording: https://arize.com/blog/a-deep-dive-into-generatives-newest-models-mistral-mixtral-8x7b/ Learn more about AI observability and evaluation , join the Arize AI Slack community or get the latest on LinkedIn and X .…

Deep Papers

1
How to Prompt LLMs for Text-to-SQL: A Study in Zero-shot, Single-domain, and Cross-domain Settings 44:59

۲ years پیش44:59

44:59

We’re thrilled to be joined by Shuaichen Chang, LLM researcher and the author of this week’s paper to discuss his findings. Shuaichen’s research investigates the impact of prompt constructions on the performance of large language models (LLMs) in the text-to-SQL task, particularly focusing on zero-shot, single-domain, and cross-domain settings. Shuaichen and his team explore various strategies for prompt construction, evaluating the influence of database schema, content representation, and prompt length on LLMs’ effectiveness. The findings emphasize the importance of careful consideration in constructing prompts, highlighting the crucial role of table relationships and content, the effectiveness of in-domain demonstration examples, and the significance of prompt length in cross-domain scenarios. Read the blog and watch the discussion: https://arize.com/blog/how-to-prompt-llms-for-text-to-sql-paper-reading/ Learn more about AI observability and evaluation , join the Arize AI Slack community or get the latest on LinkedIn and X .…

Deep Papers

1
The Geometry of Truth: Emergent Linear Structure in LLM Representation of True/False Datasets 41:02

۲ years پیش41:02

41:02

For this paper read, we’re joined by Samuel Marks, Postdoctoral Research Associate at Northeastern University, to discuss his paper, “The Geometry of Truth: Emergent Linear Structure in LLM Representation of True/False Datasets.” Samuel and his team curated high-quality datasets of true/false statements and used them to study in detail the structure of LLM representations of truth. Overall, they present evidence that language models linearly represent the truth or falsehood of factual statements and also introduce a novel technique, mass-mean probing, which generalizes better and is more causally implicated in model outputs than other probing techniques. Find the transcript and read more here: https://arize.com/blog/the-geometry-of-truth-emergent-linear-structure-in-llm-representation-of-true-false-datasets-paper-reading/ Learn more about AI observability and evaluation , join the Arize AI Slack community or get the latest on LinkedIn and X .…

Deep Papers

1
Towards Monosemanticity: Decomposing Language Models With Dictionary Learning 44:50

۲ years پیش44:50

44:50

In this paper read, we discuss “Towards Monosemanticity: Decomposing Language Models Into Understandable Components,” a paper from Anthropic that addresses the challenge of understanding the inner workings of neural networks, drawing parallels with the complexity of human brain function. It explores the concept of “features,” (patterns of neuron activations) providing a more interpretable way to dissect neural networks. By decomposing a layer of neurons into thousands of features, this approach uncovers hidden model properties that are not evident when examining individual neurons. These features are demonstrated to be more interpretable and consistent, offering the potential to steer model behavior and improve AI safety. Find the transcript and more here: https://arize.com/blog/decomposing-language-models-with-dictionary-learning-paper-reading/ Learn more about AI observability and evaluation , join the Arize AI Slack community or get the latest on LinkedIn and X .…

Deep Papers

1
RankVicuna: Zero-Shot Listwise Document Reranking with Open-Source Large Language Models 43:49

۲ years پیش43:49

43:49

We discuss RankVicuna, the first fully open-source LLM capable of performing high-quality listwise reranking in a zero-shot setting. While researchers have successfully applied LLMs such as ChatGPT to reranking in an information retrieval context, such work has mostly been built on proprietary models hidden behind opaque API endpoints. This approach yields experimental results that are not reproducible and non-deterministic, threatening the veracity of outcomes that build on such shaky foundations. RankVicuna provides access to a fully open-source LLM and associated code infrastructure capable of performing high-quality reranking. Find the transcript and more here: https://arize.com/blog/rankvicuna-paper-reading/ Learn more about AI observability and evaluation , join the Arize AI Slack community or get the latest on LinkedIn and X .…

Deep Papers

1
Explaining Grokking Through Circuit Efficiency 36:12

۲ years پیش36:12

36:12

Join Arize Co-Founder & CEO Jason Lopatecki, and ML Solutions Engineer, Sally-Ann DeLucia, as they discuss “Explaining Grokking Through Circuit Efficiency." This paper explores novel predictions about grokking, providing significant evidence in favor of its explanation. Most strikingly, the research conducted in this paper demonstrates two novel and surprising behaviors: ungrokking, in which a network regresses from perfect to low test accuracy, and semi-grokking, in which a network shows delayed generalization to partial rather than perfect test accuracy. Find the transcript and more here: https://arize.com/blog/explaining-grokking-through-circuit-efficiency-paper-reading/ Learn more about AI observability and evaluation , join the Arize AI Slack community or get the latest on LinkedIn and X .…

Deep Papers

1
Large Content And Behavior Models To Understand, Simulate, And Optimize Content And Behavior 42:14

۲ years پیش42:14

42:14

Deep Papers is a podcast series featuring deep dives on today’s seminal AI papers and research. Each episode profiles the people and techniques behind cutting-edge breakthroughs in machine learning. In this episode, we discuss the paper, “Large Content And Behavior Models To Understand, Simulate, And Optimize Content And Behavior.” This episode is led by SallyAnn Delucia (ML Solutions Engineer, Arize AI), and Amber Roberts (ML Solutions Engineer, Arize AI). The research they discuss highlights that while LLMs have great generalization capabilities, they struggle to effectively predict and optimize communication to get the desired receiver behavior. We’ll explore whether this might be because of a lack of “behavior tokens” in LLM training corpora and how Large Content Behavior Models (LCBMs) might help to solve this issue. Find the transcript and more here: https://arize.com/blog/large-content-and-behavior-models-paper-reading/ Learn more about AI observability and evaluation , join the Arize AI Slack community or get the latest on LinkedIn and X .…

Deep Papers

1
Skeleton of Thought: LLMs Can Do Parallel Decoding 43:39

۲ years پیش43:39

43:39

Deep Papers is a podcast series featuring deep dives on today’s seminal AI papers and research. Each episode profiles the people and techniques behind cutting-edge breakthroughs in machine learning. In this paper reading, we explore the paper ‘Skeleton-of-Thought’ (SoT) approach, aimed at reducing large language model latency while enhancing answer quality. This episode is led by Aparna Dhinakaran ( Chief Product Officer, Arize AI) and Sally-Ann Delucia (ML Solutions Engineer, Arize AI), with two of the paper authors: Xuefei Ning , Postdoctoral Researcher at Tsinghua University and Zinan Lin , Senior Researcher, Microsoft Research. SoT’s innovative methodology guides LLMs to construct answer skeletons before parallel content elaboration, achieving impressive speed-ups of up to 2.39x across 11 models. Don’t miss the opportunity to delve into this human-inspired optimization strategy and its profound implications for efficient and high-quality language generation. Full transcript and more here: https://arize.com/blog/skeleton-of-thought-llms-can-do-parallel-decoding-paper-reading/ Learn more about AI observability and evaluation , join the Arize AI Slack community or get the latest on LinkedIn and X .…

Deep Papers

1
Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models 30:26

۲ years پیش30:26

30:26

Deep Papers is a podcast series featuring deep dives on today’s seminal AI papers and research. Each episode profiles the people and techniques behind cutting-edge breakthroughs in machine learning. This episode is led by Aparna Dhinakaran ( Chief Product Officer, Arize AI) and Michael Schiff (Chief Technology Officer, Arize AI), as they discuss the paper "Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models." In this paper reading, we explore the paper “Developing Llama 2: Pretrained Large Language Models Optimized for Dialogue.” The paper introduces Llama 2, a collection of pretrained and fine-tuned large language models ranging from 7 billion to 70 billion parameters. Their fine-tuned model, Llama 2-Chat, is specifically designed for dialogue use cases and showcases superior performance on various benchmarks. Through human evaluations for helpfulness and safety, Llama 2-Chat emerges as a promising alternative to closed-source models. Discover the approach to fine-tuning and safety improvements, allowing us to foster responsible development and contribute to this rapidly evolving field. Full transcript and more here: https://arize.com/blog/llama-2-open-foundation-and-fine-tuned-chat-models-paper-reading/ Follow AI__Pub on Twitter . To learn more about ML observability , join the Arize AI Slack community or get the latest on our LinkedIn and Twitter . Learn more about AI observability and evaluation , join the Arize AI Slack community or get the latest on LinkedIn and X .…

Deep Papers

1
Lost in the Middle: How Language Models Use Long Contexts 42:28

۲ years پیش42:28

42:28

Deep Papers is a podcast series featuring deep dives on today’s seminal AI papers and research. Each episode profiles the people and techniques behind cutting-edge breakthroughs in machine learning. This episode is led by Sally-Ann DeLucia and Amber Roberts, as they discuss the paper "Lost in the Middle: How Language Models Use Long Contexts." This paper examines how well language models utilize longer input contexts. The study focuses on multi-document question answering and key-value retrieval tasks. The researchers find that performance is highest when relevant information is at the beginning or end of the context. Accessing information in the middle of long contexts leads to significant performance degradation. Even explicitly long-context models experience decreased performance as the context length increases. The analysis enhances our understanding and offers new evaluation protocols for future long-context models. Full transcript and more here: https://arize.com/blog/lost-in-the-middle-how-language-models-use-long-contexts-paper-reading/ Learn more about AI observability and evaluation , join the Arize AI Slack community or get the latest on LinkedIn and X .…

Deep Papers

1
Orca: Progressive Learning from Complex Explanation Traces of GPT-4 42:03

۲ years پیش42:03

42:03

Deep Papers is a podcast series featuring deep dives on today’s seminal AI papers and research. Hosted by AI Pub creator Brian Burns and Arize AI founders Jason Lopatecki and Aparna Dhinakaran, each episode profiles the people and techniques behind cutting-edge breakthroughs in machine learning. In this episode, we talk about Orca. Recent research focuses on improving smaller models through imitation learning using outputs from large foundation models (LFMs). Challenges include limited imitation signals, homogeneous training data, and a lack of rigorous evaluation, leading to overestimation of small model capabilities. To address this, Orca is a 13-billion parameter model that learns to imitate LFMs’ reasoning process. Orca leverages rich signals from GPT-4, surpassing state-of-the-art models by over 100% in complex zero-shot reasoning benchmarks. It also shows competitive performance in professional and academic exams without CoT. Learning from step-by-step explanations, generated by humans or advanced AI models, enhances model capabilities and skills. Full transcript and more here: https://arize.com/blog/orca-progressive-learning-from-complex-explanation-traces-of-gpt-4-paper-reading/ Learn more about AI observability and evaluation , join the Arize AI Slack community or get the latest on LinkedIn and X .…

Deep Papers

1
Toolformer: Training LLMs To Use Tools 34:06

۲ years پیش34:06

34:06

Deep Papers is a podcast series featuring deep dives on today’s seminal AI papers and research. Hosted by AI Pub creator Brian Burns and Arize AI founders Jason Lopatecki and Aparna Dhinakaran, each episode profiles the people and techniques behind cutting-edge breakthroughs in machine learning. In this episode, we interview Timo Schick and Thomas Scialom, the Research Scientists at Meta AI behind Toolformer. "Vanilla" language models cannot access information about the external world. But what if we gave language models access to calculators, question-answer search, and other APIs to generate more powerful and accurate output? Further, how do we train such a model? How can we automatically generate a dataset of API-call-annotated text at internet scale, without human labeling? Timo and Thomas give a step-by-step walkthrough of building and training Toolformer, what motivated them to do it, and what we should expect in the next generation of tool-LLM powered products. Follow AI__Pub on Twitter . To learn more about ML observability , join the Arize AI Slack community or get the latest on our LinkedIn and Twitter . Learn more about AI observability and evaluation , join the Arize AI Slack community or get the latest on LinkedIn and X .…

Deep Papers

1
Hungry Hungry Hippos - H3 41:53

۲ years پیش41:53

41:53

Deep Papers is a podcast series featuring deep dives on today’s seminal AI papers and research. Hosted by AI Pub creator Brian Burns and Arize AI founders Jason Lopatecki and Aparna Dhinakaran, each episode profiles the people and techniques behind cutting-edge breakthroughs in machine learning. In this episode, we interview Dan Fu and Tri Dao, inventors of " Hungry Hungry Hippos " (aka "H3"). This language modeling architecture performs comparably to transformers, while admitting much longer context length: n log(n) rather than n^2 context scaling, for those technically inclined. Listen to learn about the major ideas and history behind H3, state space models, what makes them special, what products can be built with long-context language models, and hints of Dan and Tri's future (unpublished) research. Learn more about AI observability and evaluation , join the Arize AI Slack community or get the latest on LinkedIn and X .…

Deep Papers

1
ChatGPT and InstructGPT: Aligning Language Models to Human Intention 47:39

۲ years پیش47:39

47:39

Deep Papers is a podcast series featuring deep dives on today’s seminal AI papers and research. Hosted by AI Pub creator Brian Burns and Arize AI founders Jason Lopatecki and Aparna Dhinakaran, each episode profiles the people and techniques behind cutting-edge breakthroughs in machine learning. In this first episode, we’re joined by Long Ouyang and Ryan Lowe , research scientists at OpenAI and creators of InstructGPT. InstructGPT was one of the first major applications of Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback to train large language models, and is the precursor to the now-famous ChatGPT. Listen to learn about the major ideas behind InstructGPT and the future of aligning language models to human intention. Read OpenAI's InstructGPT paper here: https://openai.com/blog/instruction-following/ Learn more about AI observability and evaluation , join the Arize AI Slack community or get the latest on LinkedIn and X .…

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