Introducing The WPHP Monthly Mercury The WPHP Monthly Mercury podcast

Player FM - Internet Radio Done Right

اضافه شده در four سال پیش

محتوای ارائه شده توسط The WPHP Monthly Mercury. تمام محتوای پادکست شامل قسمت‌ها، گرافیک‌ها و توضیحات پادکست مستقیماً توسط The WPHP Monthly Mercury یا شریک پلتفرم پادکست آن‌ها آپلود و ارائه می‌شوند. اگر فکر می‌کنید شخصی بدون اجازه شما از اثر دارای حق نسخه‌برداری شما استفاده می‌کند، می‌توانید روندی که در اینجا شرح داده شده است را دنبال کنید.https://fa.player.fm/legal

<div class="span index">1</div> <span><a class="" data-remote="true" data-type="html" href="/series/curated-questions-conversations-celebrating-the-power-of-questions">Curated Questions: Conversations Celebrating the Power of Questions!</a></span>

1
Curated Questions: Conversations Celebrating the Power of Questions!

لغو اشتراک

۳ روز پیش۳d ago

لغو اشتراک

ماهیانه

Curated Questions: Conversations Celebrating the Power of Questions Hosted by Ken Woodward, Curated Questions is a thought-provoking podcast that celebrates the art and science of asking profound questions. This podcast is for curious minds who understand that the right question can unlock new perspectives and drive personal growth. What to Expect Insightful Conversations: Experts from diverse fields share their journey in mastering the craft of inquiry, revealing how it has transformed their lives and careers. Practical Techniques: Gain valuable skills to improve your questioning abilities, applicable in both personal and professional settings. Thought-Provoking Topics: Explore how questions shape leadership, personal transformation, and societal discourse. Why Listen? In an age of abundant information, Curated Questions reminds us that true wisdom lies in asking better questions. This podcast will help you: 1. Enhance critical thinking 2. Improve communication 3. Gain new perspectives on complex issues 4. Develop a nuanced understanding of the world Join Ken Woodward and his guests as they explore the transformative power of thoughtful inquiry. Curated Questions is more than just a podcast – it's an invitation to embrace curiosity, challenge assumptions, and unlock your full potential through the art of asking better questions. Subscribe now and embark on a journey to master the craft of inquiry, one question at a time. Website: CuratedQuestions.com IG/Threads/YouTube: @CuratedQuestions

The WPHP Monthly Mercury «
Introducing the WPHP Monthly Mercury

۵ سال پیش 2:16

اشتراک گذاری

MP3•خانه قسمت

The Women’s Print History Project is pleased to announce the arrival of its very own podcast. Introducing: The WPHP Monthly Mercury.
The WPHP Monthly Mercury will be released every third Wednesday of the month, starting June 17, 2020, so welcome to our first-ever podcast episode: Episode 0.5: Introducing the WPHP Monthly Mercury. Each future episode will have a corresponding blog post on the WPHP (womensprinthistoryproject.com) that contains further reading, a bibliography, and a full list of all WPHP entries referenced in the episode.

39 قسمت

#Society #Books #Arts #History #WPHP Monthly Mercury

Introducing the WPHP Monthly Mercury

The WPHP Monthly Mercury

published ۵ سال پیش

اشتراک گذاری

MP3•خانه قسمت

39 قسمت

#Society #Books #Arts #History #WPHP Monthly Mercury

همه قسمت ها

The WPHP Monthly Mercury

1
A Newcastle Novelist, feat. Tricia Monsour 47:27

14 weeks پیش47:27

47:27

On the WPHP, our encounters with books and the women who worked on them are bibliographically-focused, as they must be for a project of this scale—focused attention on the contents of every work and the stories of their producers simply isn’t possible. But that doesn’t mean we don’t want to engage with the works that closely—the opposite is true, in fact!—and for Episode 4 of Season 5 of The WPHP Monthly Mercury, “A Newcastle Novelist”, we were delighted to interview Dr. Tricia Monsour from the University of Saskatchewan about her dissertation project, a scholarly edition of a forgotten novel by a forgotten woman author, The Castle of Tynemouth (1806) by Jane Harvey, which does just that. Rigorous attention to the intellectual, personal, and geographical contexts of the novel and its publication shapes Dr. Monsour’s encounter with this work in particular, and her understanding of Harvey more generally. In this interview, she emphasizes Harvey’s attention to space, place, and genre, and the personal contexts that data in a WPHP record cannot fully capture, familiarizing us and our listeners with this Newcastle novelist. Guests Tricia Monsour is a recent doctoral graduate from the University of Saskatchewan, whose dissertation took the form of a scholarly edition of the early nineteenth-century novel The Castle of Tynemouth (1806).…

The WPHP Monthly Mercury

1
Bibliographic Intimacies, feat. Megan Peiser and Emily D. Spunaugle 1:28:50

24 weeks پیش1:28:50

1:28:50

For Episode 3 of the fifth season of The WPHP Monthly Mercury , “Bibliographic Intimacies,” Kate and Kandice interviewed Megan Peiser and Emily Spunaugle about their work on the Marguerite Hicks Collection in the Kresge Library at Oakland University, a collection of women’s books collected by a queer, disabled woman. Their deep, immersive work on this collection highlights the physical, intellectual, and emotional intimacies that arise from bibliographic research. From the practicalities of rare book collection during the Second World War, to the joys (and occasional frustrations) of collaboration, to a heist (!!!), this episode really has it all. Join us to learn more about the human stories embedded in the Marguerite Hicks Collection. Guests Megan Peiser is an enrolled Citizen of Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma. She is associate professor of Literature at Oakland University in Rochester, Michigan where she teaches eighteenth-century literature, Indigenous literature, digital humanities, and book history and bibliography. Her writing on these subjects can be found in Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America, Eighteenth-Century Fiction, Eighteenth-Century Theory and Interpretation, Nineteenth-Century Gender Studies, and the Los Angeles Review of Books. Her monograph, The Review Periodical and British Women Novelists, 1790-1820 is forthcoming from Johns Hopkins University Press. Peiser is the co-manager with Emily Spunaugle of the Marguerite Hicks Project. She lives and works on the traditional and ancestral lands of the Anishinaabe people. Emily D. Spunaugle is Associate Professor and Coordinator of Archives and Special Collections at Oakland University in Rochester, MI. Her research interests include book history, bibliography, and women writers of the long eighteenth century, and her writing is featured in Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America, Romantic Circles, ABO, Libraries: Culture, History, and Society, and elsewhere. She is a former chair of the Library History Round Table of the American Library Association and a former editor of SHARP News.…

The WPHP Monthly Mercury

1
Deal with the Devil (feat. Kate Ozment) 1:05:01

30 weeks پیش1:05:01

1:05:01

Every year, come hell or high water, The WPHP Monthly Mercury has released a gothic-inflected Halloween episode—and this year, we’re literally taking a trip to hell with Charlotte Dacre’s 1806 novel Zofloya; or, The Moor . To talk about this demonic, orientalist bloodbath, Kandice sat down with WPHP collaborator Kate Ozment, and they found themselves hurled into the abyss of trying to untangle the plot of this most bonkers of bonkers novels. Happy Halloween!…

The WPHP Monthly Mercury

1
Authority Issues 53:00

32 weeks پیش53:00

53:00

Authority records, authority figures, authoritative scholarship... What does it really mean to have authority? Nothing good, according to Kandice. However, in working on a new project that relies on bibliographic data from the WPHP, she has had to confront her authority issues. (Meanwhile, Kate is still reeling from the discovery that 'WorldCat' is short for 'World Catalogue' and has nothing to do with felines. On this podcast, we have spent a lot—a lot— of time talking about our sources, and especially the libraries and digitization initiatives that enable us to verify the majority of our title records. In the first episode of Season 5 (!!!), Kate and Kandice once again dig into the different kinds of authority records that they use (and don't use) to create and populate WPHP records—from VIAF to the ESTC to WorldCat—as well as whether WPHP records count as authority records. Authority records can help identify entities and disambiguate people and editions from each other. But just as having authority doesn't mean you're always right, 'data' doesn't necessarily mean 'fact', and authority records can cause problems when they are built on faulty or limited data. From Sinful Sally to Frances Crewe, this episode explores the mistakes Kate and Kandice have made and the mistakes they have replicated from other resources to ask: what might it mean to call the WPHP an authority?…

The WPHP Monthly Mercury

1
Address-ing Firms; or, The Consequences of Our Own Actions 40:36

1 year پیش40:36

40:36

One of the fields we include in our records for publishing, printing, and bookselling businesses in the WPHP—our firm records—is for the addresses where they operated. Sometimes this is straightforward: one individual working at one location for the duration of their career. Other times, however, it is decidedly less so. There are booksellers running multiple shops at the same time, printers moving locations every year or two for fifteen years, publishers working with various combinations of partners and at various addresses over a number of months and years, and any number of other complex business and address relationships that our data struggles to capture. Last fall, Kate worked with the WPHP address data for Dublin printer-publisher Alice Reilly—and the address data of the other printers, publishers, and booksellers she appeared in imprints with—to try and trace further material evidence of her labour. In theory, the project was simple and data-driven; in practice, it involved Kandice walking around Dublin filming a video and talking into her phone for an hour so Kate could see the streets she was studying, trying to establish where particular streets may have been located when the cityscape has shifted since the 1750s when Reilly was working, and ultimately had Kate thinking less about addresses and more about the embodiment of labour—Alice Reilly’s, Kandice’s, and her own. In episode 3 of season 4 of The WPHP Monthly Mercury , “Address-ing Firms,” join Kate and Kandice as they reflect on the realities of trying to capture this address information, including the decisions that they made for this particular work in 2018 (or was it 2017?) before they really knew what they were doing, what working with the address data for a research project looks like, and a thrilling audio glimpse of Kandice’s Alice-Reilly Dublin walk.…

The WPHP Monthly Mercury

1
Ghosts of Print Culture Past 1:19:40

۲ years پیش1:19:40

1:19:40

Do you believe in ghosts? In this spirited (ha ha) Halloween episode, Kandice and Kate encounter a ghost of their very own in circulating library owner and author Mary Tuck ’s Durston Castle; or, The Ghost of Eleonora (1804). Every year, in anticipation of October, we scour the WPHP for suitably spooky titles—previous Halloween episodes have featured badly behaved monks, rogue banditti, haunted castles, lost (and found!) parents, and pages upon pages of moralizing in the mountains (we’re looking at you, Catherine Cuthbertson ’s four-volume Romance in the Pyrenees ). Often satirical and rarely scary, these “Gothic” novels we share every year play out many of the tropes of the genre that we expect as readers, including explaining away anything supernatural. So when Kandice realized we might have a real ghost on our hands, well, we couldn’t resist—and a real ghost story demands an audience. Join our intrepid ghost-hunting hosts as they do a reading of Mary Tuck’s tale together and harken back to a common eighteenth-century practice: reading aloud with friends and family. Filled with horrified gasps at the actions of “sanguinous villains,” delighted laughter at descriptions of “brawny thighs,” and inquisitions about how practical it is, really, to throw yourself onto a bed to sleep in full chain mail, this episode engages in a practice of print culture past and reflects on the act itself as much as the spirited tale being shared.…

The WPHP Monthly Mercury

1
New Romanticisms Bonus Episode 5: Kirsteen McCue 29:47

۲ years پیش29:47

29:47

In August 2022, Kate and Kandice traveled to Liverpool for “New Romanticisms”: the joint conference for the British Association for Romantic Studies and the North American Society for the Study of Romanticism—BARS and NASSR, respectively. Our conference episode involved interviews with conference plenaries, organizers, award winners, and award facilitators, becoming what we've affectionately termed a truly Frankensteinian attempt to answer the question: What do New Romanticisms sound like? One answer is that it sounds like even more than what you first heard in our "It's Alive! The WPHP Monthly Mercury at New Romanticisms" episode . Our conversations with the conference plenaries were delightful, brilliant, generous, and wide-ranging, and there was no way for us to include all of the recorded material in one podcast episode of reasonable length. And so we bring you this: a series of bonus episodes containing our full interviews with Jennie Batchelor, Manu Samriti Chander, Noah Heringman, Patricia Matthew and Andrew McInnes, and Kirsteen McCue. This fifth (and final) bonus episode features our conversation with Kirsteen McCue. We spoke to her the day she presented her Stephen Copley Memorial Lecture, '"Melodys of Earth and Sky": The National Air and Romantic Lyric.' Kirsteen McCue is Professor of Scottish Literature and Song Culture and the co-director of the Centre for Robert Burns Studies at the University of Glasgow. Most recently, she has edited the fourth volume of the Oxford Edition of the Works of Robert Burns : Robert Burns’s Songs for George Thomson (2021) and a collection of essays titled An Orkney Tapestry (2021).…

The WPHP Monthly Mercury

1
New Romanticisms Bonus Episode 4: Manu Samriti Chander 26:04

۲ years پیش26:04

26:04

In August 2022, Kate and Kandice traveled to Liverpool for “New Romanticisms”: the joint conference for the British Association for Romantic Studies and the North American Society for the Study of Romanticism—BARS and NASSR, respectively. Our conference episode involved interviews with conference plenaries, organizers, award winners, and award facilitators, becoming what we've affectionately termed a truly Frankensteinian attempt to answer the question: What do New Romanticisms sound like? One answer is that it sounds like even more than what you first heard in our "It's Alive! The WPHP Monthly Mercury at New Romanticisms" episode . Our conversations with the conference plenaries were delightful, brilliant, generous, and wide-ranging, and there was no way for us to include all of the recorded material in one podcast episode of reasonable length. And so we bring you this: a series of bonus episodes containing our full interviews with Jennie Batchelor, Manu Samriti Chander, Noah Heringman, Patricia Matthew and Andrew McInnes, and Kirsteen McCue. This episode is our conversation with Dr. Manu Samriti Chander, who gave the unplenary, "'Have These Gentlemen Ever Seen A Revolution?': A Provocation." He is an Associate Teaching Professor at Georgetown University. He is a founding member of The Bigger 6 Collective , and the author of Brown Romantics: Poetry and Nationalism in the Global Nineteenth Century .…

The WPHP Monthly Mercury

1
New Romanticisms Bonus Episode 3: Patricia Matthew and Andrew McInnes 45:33

۲ years پیش45:33

45:33

In August 2022, Kate and Kandice traveled to Liverpool for “New Romanticisms”: the joint conference for the British Association for Romantic Studies and the North American Society for the Study of Romanticism—BARS and NASSR, respectively. Our conference episode involved interviews with conference plenaries, organizers, award winners, and award facilitators, becoming what we've affectionately termed a truly Frankensteinian attempt to answer the question: What do New Romanticisms sound like? One answer is that it sounds like even more than what you first heard in our "It's Alive! The WPHP Monthly Mercury at New Romanticisms" episode . Our conversations with the conference plenaries were delightful, brilliant, generous, and wide-ranging, and there was no way for us to include all of the recorded material in one podcast episode of reasonable length. And so we bring you this: a series of bonus episodes containing our full interviews with Jennie Batchelor, Manu Samriti Chander, Noah Heringman, Patricia Matthew and Andrew McInnes, and Kirsteen McCue. This episode is our conversation with Dr. Patricia Matthew, who gave the keynote "Confected Sentimentalism: Motherhood, Poetry, and Abolition," and Dr. Andrew McInnes, organizer of BARS/NASSR 2022: New Romanticisms. Patricia Matthew is an Associate Professor of English at Montclair State University. A founder of the Bigger Six collective, she is the author of Written/Unwritten: Diversity and the Hidden Truths of Tenure (2016). Andrew McInnes is a Reader in English Literature at Edge Hill University, the co-director of the EHU Nineteen research group at Edge Hill University, and the author of Wollstonecraft's Ghost: The Fate of the Female Philosopher in the Romantic Period .…

The WPHP Monthly Mercury

1
New Romanticisms Bonus Episode 2: Noah Heringman 25:58

۲ years پیش25:58

25:58

In August 2022, Kate and Kandice traveled to Liverpool for “New Romanticisms”: the joint conference for the British Association for Romantic Studies and the North American Society for the Study of Romanticism—BARS and NASSR, respectively. Our conference episode involved interviews with conference plenaries, organizers, award winners, and award facilitators, becoming what we've affectionately termed a truly Frankensteinian attempt to answer the question: What do New Romanticisms sound like? One answer is that it sounds like even more than what you first heard in our "It's Alive! The WPHP Monthly Mercury at New Romanticisms" episode . Our conversations with the conference plenaries were delightful, brilliant, generous, and wide-ranging, and there was no way for us to include all of the recorded material in one podcast episode of reasonable length. And so we bring you this: a series of bonus episodes containing our full interviews with Jennie Batchelor, Manu Samriti Chander, Noah Heringman, Patricia Matthew and Andrew McInnes, and Kirsteen McCue. This episode features our interview with Dr. Noah Heringman, who gave the final keynote at BARS/NASSR 2022, titled "Who has priority in deep time?" Noah Heringman is Curator’s Professor of English at the University of Missouri. He is the author of Romantic Rocks, Aesthetic Geology, Sciences of Antiquity: Romantic Antiquarianism, Natural History, and Knowledge Work , and, most recently, A Literary History of Deep Time , which came out in January 2023.…

The WPHP Monthly Mercury

1
New Romanticisms Bonus Episode 1: Jennie Batchelor 22:52

۲ years پیش22:52

22:52

In August 2022, Kate and Kandice traveled to Liverpool for “New Romanticisms”: the joint conference for the British Association for Romantic Studies and the North American Society for the Study of Romanticism—BARS and NASSR, respectively. Our conference episode involved interviews with conference plenaries, organizers, award winners, and award facilitators, becoming what we've affectionately termed a truly Frankensteinian attempt to answer the question: What do New Romanticisms sound like? One answer is that it sounds like even more than what you first heard in our "It's Alive! The WPHP Monthly Mercury at New Romanticisms" episode . Our conversations with the conference plenaries were delightful, brilliant, generous, and wide-ranging, and there was no way for us to include all of the recorded material in one podcast episode of reasonable length. And so we bring you this: a series of bonus episodes containing our full interviews with Jennie Batchelor, Manu Samriti Chander, Noah Heringman, Patricia Matthew and Andrew McInnes, and Kirsteen McCue. This episode is an interview with Dr. Jennie Batchelor, whose keynote was the BARS Marilyn Butler Memorial Lecture titled “To Rescue from Oblivion what Might Have Been Forgotten: The Lady’s Magazine and the Remaking of Romantic Literary History.” Jennie Batchelor is Head of the Department of English and Related Literature and Professor of English at the University of York. Dr. Batchelor's most recent book, The Lady's Magazine (1770-1832) and the Making of Literary History , is available open access through the Edinburgh University Press website .…

The WPHP Monthly Mercury

1
It's (A)Live!' The WPHP Monthly Mercury at New Romanticisms 1:54:00

۲ years پیش1:54:00

1:54:00

In August 2022, Kate and Kandice traveled to Liverpool for “New Romanticisms”: the joint conference for the British Association for Romantic Studies and the North American Society for the Study of Romanticism—BARS and NASSR, respectively. Organized by Dr. Andrew McInnes and his incredible team of research assistants, “New Romanticisms” was a four-day Romanticist extravaganza with five plenaries, more than one hundred panels, the stunning environs of Edge Hill University, an ingenious coffee cart, and the occasional visit from Buster, the campus cat. The call for papers “invite[d] explorations of both the concept of newness in and about the Romantic period and new approaches to Romantic Studies today,” and the conference expressed an openness to ‘alternative’ and ‘innovative’ formats. This led us to wonder: could we create a live episode about the conference? After nine interviews, twelve months of editing, and thirty-five audio tracks (insert Kate sobbing here), the answer is yes—sort of. Stitching together interviews with conference plenaries, organizers, award winners, and award facilitators, this episode is a truly Frankensteinian attempt to answer the question: What do New Romanticisms sound like? FEATURING Jennie Batchelor, Roy Bayfield, Manu Samriti Chander, Chloe Dilworth, Noah Heringman, Diana Little, Carmen Faye Mathes, Patricia Matthew, Kirsteen McCue, Andrew McInnes, and Dana Moss.…

The WPHP Monthly Mercury

1
The Canterbury Fails x The WPHP Monthly Mercury: MONKS!!! 1:07:58

۳ years پیش1:07:58

1:07:58

What do the medieval period and the Romantic period have in common? Well, at the very least, badly behaved monks. In Episode 4 of Season 3 of The WPHP Monthly Mercury , hosts Kate Moffatt and Kandice Sharren team up with David Coley and Matt Hussey and their podcast, The Canterbury Fails , for our first-ever crossover episode. This is, in the words of our friends at The Canterbury Fails , "A late medieval music theory complaint and literally the best most bonkers depraved monk freak show mock-gothic novel paired with a gin-soaked tea (do re mi!) and repugnant Jolly Rancher retro-cocktail." The Canterbury Fails podcast is hosted by David Coley and Matt Hussey. If you'd like to hear more about little-read Old and Middle English poetry, you can find them on any reputable podcasting platform, including Apple Podcasts , Audible , and Spotify . As always, links to relevant entries in the WPHP, information about our sources, and suggestions for further reading can be found here : https://womensprinthistoryproject.com/blog/post/118…

The WPHP Monthly Mercury

1
Working for the (Wo)man ft. Sara Penn, Julianna Wagar, Amanda Law, & Belle Eist 37:54

۳ years پیش37:54

37:54

This August, the WPHP has been sharing the Spotlights that make up our newest Spotlight Series, “Down the Rabbit Hole: Researching Women in the Book Trades.” Over the course of the month, posts from Research Assistants Sara Penn, Julianna Wagar, Amanda Law, and, as of this coming Friday with the last post of the Series, Belle Eist, have focused on women who worked in the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century book trades. In this month’s episode, “Working for the (Wo)man”, you’ll hear from our Research Assistants themselves about their Spotlights and the women they researched: the feuding men and women of the Farley family of Bristol printers, the King’s and Queen’s Printer Agnes Campbell who began her career with her husband’s debt and by the time she died was the wealthy Lady Roseburn, the printer Jane Aitken, whose imprints tell a very different story than the life she lived, and Ann Vernor, the woman behind an imprint we’ve had in the WPHP for the last seven years while completely unaware that she was at its helm. We also feature a Spotlight about Anne Dodd, trade publisher, by WPHP Contributing Scholar Kate Ozment, which allows us to delve into our data model and its — you guessed it — limits. As always, links to relevant entries in the WPHP, information about our sources, and suggestions for further reading can be found here: https://womensprinthistoryproject.com/blog/post/116…

The WPHP Monthly Mercury

1
Wollstonecraft, Revisited (feat. E.J. Clery) 1:17:48

۳ years پیش1:17:48

1:17:48

If you’ve ever taken an undergraduate English class on the Romantic period, you have probably encountered Mary Wollstonecraft, author of Vindication of the Rights of Woman . A widely read and controversial writer of political treatises, fiction, travel writing, and other works during her lifetime, she has been variously vilified and mythologized since her death in 1797, and has long been a staple in the literary canon. But can we ever really know Wollstonecraft? In the newest episode of The WPHP Monthly Mercury , hosts Kate Moffatt and Kandice Sharren are joined by Professor E.J. Clery, General Editor of a new edition of The Works of Mary Wollstonecraft, forthcoming from Oxford University Press. We consider not only her canonical works and her reputation as a philosophical “powerhouse,” as she is so often thought of, but also how myth can write historical figures larger than life—and as a result, sometimes obscure their lived reality. We delve into her life, both the highs and the lows, and how thinking about the ways in which many of the issues that afflicted Wollstonecraft, like precarious employment, labour, and challenges to women’s rights, are present in her writing. We think about how considering these challenges both for their own sake, and within the framework of her philosophy, can serve to humanize this massively influential Romantic figure. Guest: E.J. Clery is Chair Professor of English Literature at Uppsala University. Recent publications include Jane Austen: The Banker’s Sister, (Biteback Press, 2017), and Eighteen Hundred and Eleven: Poetry, Protest and Economic Crisis (Cambridge University Press, 2017), winner of the British Academy’s Rose Mary Crawshay Prize. Research for these publications was supported by a Leverhulme Trust major fellowship. She is currently working on A Very Short Introduction to Mary Wollstonecraft, a new paperback edition of Wollstonecraft’s fictions, and, as General Editor, the new Collected Works of Mary Wollstonecraft, forthcoming with Oxford University Press. If you're interested in learning more about what we discussed in this episode, you can find resources and suggestions for further reading here: https://womensprinthistoryproject.com/blog/post/110…

به Player FM خوش آمدید!

Player FM در سراسر وب را برای یافتن پادکست های با کیفیت اسکن می کند تا همین الان لذت ببرید. این بهترین برنامه ی پادکست است که در اندروید، آیفون و وب کار می کند. ثبت نام کنید تا اشتراک های شما در بین دستگاه های مختلف همگام سازی شود.