2021.12.17 國際新聞導讀-伊朗稱只有解除制裁才可開放核武設施監控鏡頭、專書作者表示川普被前總理納唐亞胡利用去達成政治目的最後還背叛川普、研究顯示輝瑞兩劑無法阻止OMICRON傳播要第三劑才可、以色列外長拉彼得表示將打擊猶太屯墾民對巴勒斯坦人的暴力攻擊、以色列將捐一百萬劑疫苗給非洲國家

蘇老師講解國際新聞、中東與中亞歷史、中國事務、太空知識的頻道。 Diplomat's daily news review and history research on Middle East and Central Asia, China Affairs and Space Exploration

2021.12.17 國際新聞導讀-伊朗稱只有解除制裁才可開放核武設施監控鏡頭、專書作者表示川普被前總理納唐亞胡利用去達成政治目的最後還背叛川普、研究顯示輝瑞兩劑無法阻止OMICRON傳播要第三劑才可、以色列外長拉彼得表示將打擊猶太屯墾民對巴勒斯坦人的暴力攻擊、以色列將捐一百萬劑疫苗給非洲國家
伊朗稱聯合國在製裁結束前無法看到核設施攝像頭的圖像
在同意使用新相機後，德黑蘭表示卡拉傑的圖像“將被存儲”而不是交給國際原子能機構
通過AFP今天，晚上 8:10
2019 年 5 月，谷歌用戶 Edward Majnoonian 在網上發布的一張照片中可以看到據稱位於伊朗卡拉傑附近的卡拉傑離心機零件廠。（截圖/谷歌地圖）
伊朗德黑蘭——一名伊朗官員周四表示，在製裁解除之前，聯合國原子能監督機構將無法檢查來自伊朗城市卡拉季附近一座核設施的攝像頭圖像。
該評論是在德黑蘭和設在維也納的國際原子能機構（IAEA）表示他們已就更換離心機製造廠的攝像頭達成協議的一天后發表的。
該協議是在西方大國警告時間所剩無幾之後恢復的，根據該協議，伊朗承諾在 IAEA 監督下削減其核能力，以換取制裁救濟。
伊朗稱，視頻監控攝像頭在 6 月的一次襲擊中遭到損壞，並將其歸咎於以色列。
伊朗原子能組織發言人 Behrouz Kamalvandi 說：“攝像機的安裝方式將使其拍攝的圖像存儲在攝像機的內存中。”
國家通訊社 IRNA 援引他的話說：“當它們滿了時，存儲卡將被移除並置於伊朗和原子能機構的共同控制之下。” “換句話說，在取消制裁之前，該機構將無法獲得任何信息。”
今年早些時候，在美國於 2018 年單方面退出並重新對伊朗實施嚴厲制裁後，伊朗開始限制 IAEA 的一些檢查活動，作為其從 2015 年與世界大國達成的核協議中採取的措施的一部分。
上週在維也納恢復談判，試圖恢復 2015 年旨在阻止伊朗製造原子彈的協議，德黑蘭一直否認這一目標。
廣告
維也納會議的癥結在於華盛頓將取消哪些制裁以及伊朗要求提供的保證，以防止美國未來改變心意。
Iran says UN can’t see images from cameras at nuclear site until sanctions end
After agreeing to new cameras, Tehran says images of Karaj ‘will be stored’ and not handed over to the IAEA
By AFPToday, 8:10 pm
The alleged Karaj centrifuge parts plant near Karaj, Iran, seen in a photo posted online by Google user Edward Majnoonian, in May 2019. (Screenshot/Google Maps)
TEHRAN, Iran — The United Nations atomic watchdog will not be able to examine camera images from a nuclear facility near the Iranian city of Karaj until after sanctions are lifted, an Iranian official said on Thursday.
The comment came a day after Tehran and the Vienna-based International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) said they had reached agreement on replacing the cameras at the facility which makes centrifuges.
That agreement came after Western powers warned time is running out to revive a 2015 deal under which Iran pledged to reduce its nuclear capabilities — under IAEA supervision — in exchange for sanctions relief.
Iran says the video surveillance cameras were damaged in a June attack that it blames on Israel.
“The cameras will be installed in a way that they take images which will be stored in the cameras’ memory,” said Behrouz Kamalvandi, spokesman for the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran.
“When they are full, the memory cards will be removed and placed under the joint control of Iran and the Agency,” he said, quoted by state news agency IRNA. “In other words, the Agency will not have any access to the information before sanctions are lifted.”
Earlier this year, Iran began restricting some IAEA inspection activity as part of steps it has taken away from the 2015 nuclear deal with world powers after the United States unilaterally pulled out in 2018 and reimposed crippling sanctions on Iran.
Negotiations resumed last week in Vienna to try to revive the 2015 deal which aimed to prevent Iran from building an atomic bomb, a goal Tehran has always denied.
Among the sticking points in Vienna are precisely which sanctions Washington will lift and the guarantees demanded by Iran to safeguard against future changes of heart from the US.
以色列將向非洲國家提供100萬支冠狀病毒疫苗
據報導，在尋求加強非洲外交關係時，政府將對哪些國家通過 COVAX 計劃獲得不需要的阿斯利康注射劑有發言權
由AP和TOI 工作人員提供今天，凌晨 3:29
在 2021 年 3 月 15 日，由印度血清研究所製造並通過全球 COVAX 計劃提供的阿斯利康 COVID-19 疫苗的文件照片盒抵達索馬里摩加迪沙機場。（美聯社 / Farah Abdi Warsameh）
政府週三表示，將向聯合國支持的 COVAX 計劃捐贈 100 萬支冠狀病毒疫苗，該計劃向較貧窮的國家分發疫苗。
外交部表示，阿斯利康疫苗將在未來幾週內轉移到非洲的幾個國家，這一決定是以色列加強與非洲大陸聯繫的一部分。
外交部長亞伊爾·拉皮德 (Yair Lapid) 表示：“我很高興以色列能夠為在世界範圍內消除這一流行病做出貢獻並成為合作夥伴。”
該公告稱，疫苗將覆蓋近四分之一的非洲國家，但並未提供清單。以色列與包括肯尼亞、烏干達和盧旺達在內的許多非洲國家關係密切。作為美國斡旋的一系列協議的一部分，以色列去年還與摩洛哥重新建立了關係，並同意與蘇丹實現關係正常化。
據以色列國土報報導，以色列與 COVAX 的協議使其能夠確定疫苗的最終去向。
以色列過去曾為了外交利益向友好國家提供多餘的疫苗，但由於法律官員審查時任總理本雅明·內塔尼亞胡是否有權下令轉移，這一進程在 2 月停止。一些劑量已經運送到其他國家。
廣告
COVAX 是一項全球倡議，旨在向太窮而無法獲得足夠數量的國家提供冠狀病毒疫苗。較富裕的國家購買了世界上大部分的疫苗供應，導致在獲得疫苗方面存在巨大的不平等。
世界衛生組織表示，疫苗不平等導致了冠狀病毒變異的能力，這種變異繼續威脅著富國和窮國，並呼籲各國捐贈疫苗，而不是分發加強劑或為風險較小的年輕人接種疫苗。
據報導，在大流行初期，以色列向多家公司支付了數億美元，以獲取當時正在開發的疫苗，其中包括輝瑞、Moderna 和阿斯利康。
2021 年 11 月 25 日，5-11 歲的兒童在耶路撒冷接受第一劑 COVID-19 疫苗。（Olivier Fitoussi/Flash90）
它最終幾乎完全使用了輝瑞-BioNTech 疫苗，並在今年 4 月試圖取消與阿斯利康的交易，但由於擔心疫苗的有效性和分發速度低於預期，因此未能成功。
冠狀病毒高級官員 Nachman Ash 當時表示，以色列可能會尋求將疫苗轉移到其他地方，但該國於 10 月開始向無法基於 mRNA 技術進行注射的人提供阿斯利康疫苗。
2021 年 3 月 8 日星期一，一名衛生工作者準備一劑阿斯利康 COVID-19 疫苗，準備在羅馬特米尼中央車站前設立的疫苗接種中心接種。（美聯社照片/亞歷山德拉塔倫蒂諾）
以色列是最早為其人口接種疫苗的國家之一。今年年初，它因沒有與巴勒斯坦人分享足夠的供應而受到批評。
此後，以色列為數万在以色列及其定居點工作的巴勒斯坦人接種了疫苗，巴勒斯坦人從 COVAX 和其他來源購買了疫苗。
Israel to give 1 million coronavirus vaccines to African countries
Government will reportedly have say over which countries get unwanted AstraZeneca shots through COVAX program as it seeks to bolster diplomatic ties in Africa
By AP and TOI STAFFToday, 3:29 am
In this March 15, 2021 file photo boxes of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine manufactured by the Serum Institute of India and provided through the global COVAX initiative arrive at the airport in Mogadishu, Somalia. (AP/Farah Abdi Warsameh)
The government said Wednesday it was donating 1 million coronavirus vaccines to the UN-backed COVAX program, which distributes shots to poorer countries.
The Foreign Ministry said the AstraZeneca vaccines would be transferred to several countries in Africa in the coming weeks, a decision that was part of Israel’s strengthening ties with the continent.
“I am delighted that Israel can contribute and be a partner in eradicating the pandemic around the world,” said Foreign Minister Yair Lapid.
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The announcement said the vaccines would reach close to a quarter of African countries, though it did not provide a list. Israel has close ties with a number of African nations, including Kenya, Uganda, and Rwanda. Israel also re-established relations with Morocco and agreed to normalize ties with Sudan last year as part of a series of US-brokered accords.
Israel’s agreement with COVAX allows it to determine where the vaccines end up, Haaretz reported.
Israel has in the past given surplus vaccines to friendly countries for diplomatic gains but the process was halted in February as legal officials examined whether it was in then-prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s authority to order the transfers. Some doses had already been delivered to other countries.
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COVAX is a global initiative that aims to provide coronavirus vaccines to nations that are too poor to acquire them in sufficient numbers. Wealthier countries have bought most of the world’s vaccine supplies, causing vast inequality in access to jabs.
The World Health Organization says vaccine inequality has contributed to the ability of the coronavirus to mutate, which continues to threaten countries both rich and poor, and has called on countries to donate shots rather than distribute boosters or vaccinate younger people who are less at risk.
Early on in the pandemic, Israel reportedly paid hundreds of millions of dollars to several firms for access to vaccines being developed at the time, including Pfizer, Moderna and AstraZeneca.
Children aged 5-11 receive their first first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine in Jerusalem on November 25, 2021. (Olivier Fitoussi/Flash90)
It has ended up using the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine almost exclusively, and in April of this year unsuccessfully attempted to cancel its deal with AstraZeneca, amid concerns over the shot’s efficacy and slower-than-expected distribution pace.
Top coronavirus official Nachman Ash said at the time that Israel would likely seek to divert the shots elsewhere, but in October the country began making AstraZeneca vaccines available to those unable to take shots based on mRNA technology.
A health worker prepares a dose of the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine to be administered at a vaccination center set up in front of Rome’s Termini central station, Monday, March 8, 2021. (AP Photo/Alessandra Tarantino)
Israel was one of the first countries to vaccinate its population. Early this year, it came under criticism for not sharing enough of its supplies with the Palestinians.
Israel has since vaccinated tens of thousands of Palestinians who work in Israel and its settlements, and the Palestinians have procured vaccines from COVAX and other sources.
前特朗普助手說內塔尼亞胡“願意與伊朗戰鬥直到最後一名美國士兵”
以色列國防官員告訴 Axios 以色列提議其部隊在蘇萊曼尼暗殺中發揮更積極的作用，但美國堅持執行無人機襲擊
通過TOI人員今天，晚上 8:20
2017 年 5 月 23 日，時任美國總統唐納德·特朗普（右）與時任總理本傑明·內塔尼亞胡在特朗普前往特拉維夫本古里安國際機場前往羅馬之前合影。（Kobi Gideon/GPO via Flash90）
一位前官員告訴Axios，美國前總統唐納德·特朗普預計以色列將在 2020 年 1 月暗殺伊朗指揮官卡西姆·蘇萊曼尼的事件中發揮更積極的作用。在周三發布的一份報告中新聞網站，。
消息人士是特朗普政府的一名高級官員，他說，在聖城旅指揮官被殺的後果中，當時的總理本雅明內塔尼亞胡“願意與伊朗作戰，直到最後一名美國士兵”。
特朗普在 7 月與記者巴拉克·拉維德 (Barak Ravid) 交談時表示，他不會透露細節，但他“對以色列不得不處理那次事件感到非常失望”。
“人們會在適當的時候聽到這個消息，”他補充道。
特朗普為記者的希伯來語新書《特朗普的和平》採訪了拉維德，該書講述了在特朗普政府的幫助下促成的以色列和阿拉伯國家之間的正常化協議。
據報導，以色列在行動進行時向美國軍方提供了信息，包括跟踪蘇萊曼尼的電話，並將其他關鍵情報交給美國人細節。
儘管如此，一名以色列國防官員告訴 Axios，以色列提議其軍隊在暗殺中發揮更積極的作用。相反，美國堅持執行無人機襲擊。
一位前白宮官員告訴新聞網站，特朗普覺​​得內塔尼亞胡好像利用了他，當以色列總理於 2020 年 9 月在白宮簽署正常化協議期間試圖做出彌補時，他並不相信。
廣告
伊朗高級革命衛隊指揮官卡西姆·蘇萊曼尼將軍於 2016 年 9 月 18 日在伊朗德黑蘭與伊朗最高領袖阿亞圖拉·阿里·哈梅內伊（未露面）和革命衛隊指揮官會面。 （伊朗最高領袖辦公室，美聯社）
內塔尼亞胡與特朗普及其政府建立了密切的關係，後者承認以色列對耶路撒冷和戈蘭高地的主權，並消除了對以色列在約旦河西岸建造定居點的反對，從而扭轉了美國數十年的政策。
但最近披露的評論顯示，特朗普猛烈抨擊這位前總理，告訴拉維德，沒有人比他更能幫助內塔尼亞胡，因此當內塔尼亞胡祝賀喬拜登當選時，他認為這是一種背叛，即使特朗普錯誤地聲稱選舉被盜。
Ex-Trump aide says Netanyahu was ‘willing to fight Iran to the last US soldier’
Israeli defense official tells Axios Israel proposed a more active role for its forces in Soleimani assassination, but US insisted on executing the drone strike
By TOI STAFFToday, 8:20 pm
Then-US president Donald Trump (right) with then-prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu prior to Trump's departure to Rome at the Ben Gurion International Airport in Tel Aviv, on May 23, 2017. (Kobi Gideon/GPO via Flash90)
Former United States president Donald Trump expected Israel to play a more active role in the assassination of Iranian commander Qasem Soleimani in January 2020, a former official told the Axios news site, in a report published Wednesday.
The source, who was a senior official in the Trump administration, said then-prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu was “willing to fight Iran to the last American soldier,” during the fallout of the Quds Force commander’s killing.
Trump, speaking with journalist Barak Ravid in July, said he wouldn’t get into the details, but that he “was very disappointed in Israel having to do with that event.”
“People will be hearing about that at the right time,” he added.
Trump spoke to Ravid for the reporter’s new Hebrew-language book, “Trump’s Peace,” about the normalization deals between Israel and Arab states, which were brokered with the help of the Trump administration.
Israel reportedly provided information to the US military as the operation was underway, including tracking Soleimani’s phone, and handing the Americans other key intelligence details.
Still, an Israeli defense official told Axios that Israel proposed a more active role for its forces in the assassination. The US instead insisted on executing the drone strike.
A former White House official told the news site that Trump felt as if Netanyahu had used him, and wasn’t convinced when the Israeli prime minister tried to make amends during the signing of the normalization deals at the White House in September 2020.
Iranian Senior Revolutionary Guard commander General Qassem Soleimani attends a meeting with Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei (not seen) and Revolutionary Guard commanders in Tehran, Iran, on September 18, 2016. (Office of the Iranian Supreme Leader via AP)
Netanyahu had built a close relationship with Trump and his administration, which reversed decades of US policy by recognizing Israeli sovereignty over Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, and removing opposition to Israeli settlement building in the West Bank.
But recently revealed comments showed Trump lashing out at the former prime minister, telling Ravid that no one had helped Netanyahu more than he did, and that he therefore considered it a betrayal when Netanyahu congratulated Joe Biden on his election victory, even as Trump falsely claimed that the election had been stolen.
“那到底是什麼？”：內塔尼亞胡吞併公告讓特朗普措手不及
這本書講述了賈里德·庫什納對以色列總理出人意料的聲明的憤怒，憤怒的特朗普厲聲說，“如果你想做，就去做”，以及內塔尼亞胡在阿聯酋達成協議前的冷漠
通過TOI人員2021 年 12 月 14 日，上午 12:31
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2020 年 1 月 28 日，在華盛頓白宮東廳舉行的一場活動中，時任美國總統唐納德·特朗普（右）看著時任總理本傑明·內塔尼亞胡（左），在會上特朗普公佈了他的“和平走向繁榮”巴以協議的願景。（美聯社/蘇珊沃爾什）
2020 年 1 月，在白宮慶祝唐納德·特朗普醞釀已久的和平計劃時，時任以色列總理的本傑明·內塔尼亞胡 (Benjamin Netanyahu) 得意洋洋地宣布，在其主持下，以色列將立即吞併約旦河西岸的大部分地區。
以色列右翼欣喜若狂。最後，他們相信，以色列將完全控制定居者領導人希望永遠保持以色列的土地——而且在美國總統的祝福下，同樣如此。
根據對那些戲劇性日子的新報導，只有一個問題：沒有人費心去問有問題的總統。
事實上，根據以色列記者巴拉克·拉維德 (Barak Ravid) 的一本新書，內塔尼亞胡在白宮活動期間的聲明讓特朗普和和平計劃建築師賈里德·庫什納 (Jared Kushner) 完全措手不及。
新的細節在周一發布的 Axios 新系列“如何發生”中發布的兩集播客中報導，該系列使用拉維德在他的新希伯來書“特朗普的和平”中的報導，講述特朗普如何失敗的和平計劃演變成亞伯拉罕協議的成功中介。
根據播客，內塔尼亞胡在收到當時的美國駐以色列大使和定居點的長期支持者大衛弗里德曼的保證後，決定推進吞併聲明，即美國將支持這一舉動，儘管特使從未執行過白人的想法房子。
美國的提議設想以色列將其所有定居點與約旦河谷一起吞併，作為最終地位協議的一部分。但它沒有給出明確的時間表，也絕對沒有規定立即採取行動。
內塔尼亞胡說：“以色列將把其法律適用於約旦河谷、猶地亞和撒馬利亞的所有猶太社區，以及你的計劃指定為以色列一部分且美國同意承認為以色列一部分的其他地區。”
廣告
拉維德回憶說，特朗普就站在他身後，瞥了一眼台下的人，確認他剛剛聽到了什麼。內塔尼亞胡離開白宮後，特朗普會見了他的顧問，問他們：“那到底是什麼？”
與此同時，庫什納臉色鐵青。
完美的平台
回到和平計劃的早期階段，拉維德首先分享了庫什納如何負責處理以巴和平文件的故事。在就職典禮之前，特朗普與《紐約時報》舉行了一次簡報會，期間他將這一決定告訴了他們，儘管從未向庫什納提過要求。
庫什納會繼續開玩笑說特朗普給了他這份工作，因為他一定不太喜歡他。
上任不到一年，在特朗普與內塔尼亞胡和巴勒斯坦民族權力機構主席馬哈茂德·阿巴斯會面後，總統於 2017 年做出決定，正式承認耶路撒冷為以色列首都。
廣告
庫什納於 2017 年 12 月將這一決定通知了由已故巴勒斯坦談判代表 Saeb Erekat 率領的來訪的巴勒斯坦權力機構代表團。 Erekat 感到震驚並警告他，此舉將取消美國作為和平經紀人的資格，並有可能使該地區陷入暴力，拉維德說。庫什納並沒有很好地接受批評，還衝著埃雷卡特喊道，他不會受到威脅。
巴勒斯坦權力機構主席馬哈茂德·阿巴斯（右）於 2017 年 5 月 23 日在約旦河西岸城市伯利恆會見美國總統唐納德·特朗普。 （法迪·阿魯裡，新華社通過美聯社）
特朗普本人後來打電話給阿巴斯，親自向他通報了這一決定，並在通話中試圖讓他冷靜下來，向巴勒斯坦權力機構領導人保證，拉馬拉接下來會從華盛頓得到自己的姿態。但拉維德說，在漫無目的的幾分鐘後，特朗普注意到阿巴斯掛斷了他的電話。那將是兩位領導人最後一次談話。
針對巴勒斯坦權力機構拒絕參與美國的和平努力、切斷對巴勒斯坦人的幾乎所有援助、關閉巴解組織在華盛頓的外交辦事處以及關閉美國駐耶路撒冷領事館，特朗普將繼續採取自己的報復形式，以回應巴勒斯坦權力機構拒絕參與美國的和平努力。作為對巴勒斯坦人的事實上的使命。
與此同時，內塔尼亞胡安撫特朗普，試圖利用特朗普對巴勒斯坦人的憤怒以及取悅他的福音派基礎的興趣。這以美國於 2018 年 5 月退出伊朗核協議、同年在耶路撒冷開設美國大使館以及特朗普於 2019 年 3 月承認以色列對戈蘭高地的主權等形式為以色列領導人帶來了紅利。在以色列大選前幾週。（特朗普在新發布的採訪中告訴拉維德，他承認戈蘭的部分原因是他想幫助內塔尼亞胡進行投票。但內塔尼亞胡未能獲得執政多數席位，以色列陷入兩年的政治混亂和三場選舉。 )
內塔尼亞胡隨後開始考慮讓特朗普明顯的慷慨大方更進一步，尋求美國支持吞併約旦河西岸大部分地區的計劃。此舉是對定居者運動的一種認可，在針對他的滾雪球般的腐敗案件中，內塔尼亞胡越來越依賴定居者運動。
拉維德在 Axios 播客中透露，當特朗普政府於 2019 年開始合併其和平計劃時，內塔尼亞胡將其視為宣布吞併的平台。弗里德曼進一步鼓勵內塔尼亞胡，他向以色列人保證，特朗普會接受這一有爭議的舉動。但拉維德說，大使從來沒有考慮過特朗普和庫什納的想法，他們反對這個想法，擔心這會破壞他們的計劃。
2020 年 2 月 24 日，時任總理本雅明·內塔尼亞胡（左）和時任美國駐以色列大使大衛·弗里德曼（左二）在約旦河西岸北部的阿里爾定居點。（大衛·阿扎古里/美國駐耶路撒冷大使館）
弗里德曼對拉維德的說法提出異議。他週日在推特上說：“總統不僅被告知並了解主權程序，他還在這次演講中概述了它。還有許多後續討論，所有這些討論都包括我。一本關於這個主題的書我從來沒有被徵詢過，應該持保留態度。”
內塔尼亞胡仍然不知道特朗普反對吞併，於2020年1月28日抵達華盛頓，舉行美國和平計劃揭幕儀式，並發表了他的重大聲明。
廣告
特朗普的一名助手告訴拉維德，內塔尼亞胡在那次“競選”演講中將美國領導人變成了“盆栽植物”，當時總統認為以色列總理會利用這個機會向巴勒斯坦人做出姿態。
儀式結束後不久，內塔尼亞胡在他住的布萊爾宮會見了記者，並告訴他們他計劃在幾天內將吞併行動提交內閣批准。
但大約在同一時間，庫什納把弗里德曼叫到他的辦公室，在那裡他輕描淡寫地讓以色列人相信美國會支持吞併計劃。拉維德說，他隨後命令弗里德曼穿過街道前往布萊爾宮，並通知總理美國不會接受這樣的舉動。
內塔尼亞胡被告知美國尚未批准吞併，並且別無選擇，只能推遲以色列政府的進程——儘管他繼續堅稱此舉很快就會發生。
一個月過去了，以色列人和美國人之間幾乎沒有接觸。有一天，當時的以色列駐美國大使、內塔尼亞胡的長期心腹羅恩·德默訪問了庫什納，並指責白宮在吞併事件中讓總理難堪，拉維德回憶道。
庫什納反擊，堅稱沒有美國總統為以色列做得更多。德默隨後告訴庫什納，內塔尼亞胡不知道他是否可以再信任特朗普政府。那時，庫什納失去了冷靜，把以色列大使趕出了他的辦公室。
時任總理內塔尼亞胡（右二）在耶路撒冷辦公室會見時任駐美國大使羅恩·德默（右）；時任白宮顧問賈里德·庫什納（Jared Kushner）（中）；時任美國大使大衛弗里德曼（左二）；然後是特使 Jason Greenblatt，2018 年 6 月 22 日。（Kobi Gideon/GPO/File）
'如果你想做，就去做'
內塔尼亞胡仍決心推進吞併計劃，並在 2020 年 3 月大選後將此事納入他與藍白黨主席本尼·甘茨的聯盟協議中。總理甚至為此舉設定了時間表，並發誓要在當年的 7 月 1 日開始實施。
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據拉維德報導，當時唯一推動特朗普政府採取行動的是弗里德曼，他決定在 7 月 1 日截止日期前一周飛往華盛頓遊說總統。
儘管如此，弗里德曼的會議並不順利，特朗普利用這個機會抱怨內塔尼亞胡在和平計劃揭幕時的講話。根據 Axios 播客的說法，弗里德曼試圖打斷，但特朗普回答說：“大衛，我們為什麼還要談論這個。”
總統再次堅稱他已經為以色列做的比他的任何前任都多，然後很快就失去了耐心並說：“如果你想這樣做，那就去做吧”，並補充說他的國務卿邁克·蓬佩奧（Mike Pompeo）將是那個人。決定。
但在弗里德曼離開之前，特朗普警告說：“你應該知道，如果發生任何事情，那都是你的頭上。” 拉維德說，最後一句話讓弗里德曼感到震驚，他不想為接下來可能發生的事情負責。
以色列記者 Barak Ravid（推特）
庫什納隨後派遣弗里德曼和白宮和平特使阿維·伯科維茨前往耶路撒冷，以說服內塔尼亞胡不要執行吞併計劃。
這些會議是在第一波冠狀病毒大流行的高峰期舉行的。在他們的會議上，內塔尼亞胡坐在玻璃隔板後面，伯科維茨告訴拉維德“這是科幻小說中的東西”。
弗里德曼一度離開了房間，此時伯科維茨插嘴說：“我不確定大衛告訴你什麼，但與總統關於吞併的會面非常糟糕。”
伯科維茨敦促內塔尼亞胡不要推進這一舉動，並表示如果總理堅持，就必須同時向巴勒斯坦人做出一系列重要姿態。據拉維德報導，這進一步激怒了內塔尼亞胡，內塔尼亞胡威脅要繼續單方面採取行動。
美國特使表示，總理可以自由地這樣做，但他應該意識到這可能導致特朗普發布針對內塔尼亞胡的推文，他可能會失去總統的支持。
2020 年 2 月 7 日，時任美國總統唐納德·特朗普的國際談判特別代表阿維·伯科維茨 (Avi Berkowitz) 在參加了在紐約舉行的安理會成員午餐會後，離開了美國駐聯合國代表團。（美聯社照片/馬克·倫尼漢）
“你要帶走你世界上最好的朋友，把他變成敵人。我不能告訴你該怎麼做，但我強烈建議你不要這樣做，”拉維德引用伯科維茨告訴內塔尼亞胡的話說。
解決方案初具規模
內塔尼亞胡、弗里德曼和伯科維茨兩次會晤均未取得進展後，伯科維茨打電話給庫什納，兩人決定向內塔尼亞胡提供胡蘿蔔，以換取擱置吞併。
早在 2019 年 3 月，阿拉伯聯合酋長國駐美國大使 Yousef al-Otaiba 就曾訪問過庫什納在華盛頓的家。在那裡，他告訴特朗普的高級顧問，阿聯酋希望與以色列的關係正常化。
考慮到那次會議，庫什納告訴伯科維茨提出阿聯酋的提議，以換取內塔尼亞胡放棄吞併。
內塔尼亞胡回應說他會考慮這個提議，但堅稱他不准備完全放棄吞併。
伯科維茨飛回華盛頓，直奔白宮向庫什納通報最新情況。在途中，特使接到了 Otaiba 的電話，他建議進行完全相同的交換——擱置兼併的正常化。
時任美國總統唐納德·特朗普，陪同（左起）時任美國伊朗問題特使布賴恩·胡克、時任總統助理兼國際談判特別代表、時任美國駐以色列大使大衛·弗里德曼、特朗普的副總統大衛·弗里德曼2020 年 8 月 12 日，白宮高級顧問賈里德·庫什納和當時的財政部長史蒂文·姆努欽在華盛頓的白宮橢圓形辦公室鼓掌。（美聯社照片/安德魯·哈尼克）
在 Axios 播客上播放的採訪中，伯科維茨稱這次談話是“天賜之物，是我一生中打過的最好的電話之一”。
美國特使告訴 Otaiba，他碰巧想到了同樣的提議。以色列人、阿聯酋人和美國人隨後將就此事展開馬拉松式的談判。拉維德指出，阿聯酋從未與以色列直接談判，因為阿布扎比希望確保以色列的承諾是對美國而非阿聯酋做出的，顯然並不完全相信內塔尼亞胡的誠意。
雙方設法取得了進展，但幾次談判幾乎破裂，其中一次是德默告訴伯科維茨，如果三個阿拉伯國家同意與以色列的關係正常化，內塔尼亞胡只會放棄吞併，而不僅僅是一個。
伯科維茨將消息傳遞給了憤怒的庫什納。“他只會得到一個國家，如果他不想要，他可以自己去他媽的，”拉維德援引特朗普女婿的話說。
伯科維茨回到德默身邊說：“我會溫柔地告訴你，接受你所提供的。”
阿聯酋駐美國大使 Yousef al-Otaiba 於 2018 年 1 月 25 日在阿拉伯聯合酋長國阿布扎比的阿聯酋外交學院與時任美國眾議院議長 Paul Ryan 一起參加活動。 (AP/Jon Gambrell)
最終，雙方似乎消除了所有分歧，並於 2020 年 8 月 13 日確定了公開宣布的日期。
拉維德說，前一天，內塔尼亞胡手足無措，讓德默打電話給白宮，通知他們總理不會簽署協議。
沒有任何東西，弗里德曼 - 已經飛往華盛頓參加重要日子 - 打電話給內塔尼亞胡，尖叫著，“明天就會發生。你別無選擇。” 隨著內塔尼亞胡重新加入，這種鼓舞人心的談話似乎奏效了。
拉維德說，在宣布當天，白宮仍在努力為正常化協議命名。是國家安全委員會的工作人員米格爾·科雷亞 (Miguel Correa) 提出了“亞伯拉罕協議”，指的是猶太教和伊斯蘭教的聖經之父。這個想法被帶到了特朗普身上，他開玩笑說“特朗普協議”會更好，但他也會同意他們的想法。
2020 年 9 月 15 日，以色列前總理本雅明·內塔尼亞胡、美國前總統唐納德·特朗普和阿拉伯聯合酋長國外交部長阿卜杜拉·本·扎耶德·納哈揚在華盛頓白宮南草坪舉行亞伯拉罕協議簽署儀式.（美聯社照片/亞歷克斯布蘭登，文件）
幾小時後，特朗普、內塔尼亞胡和阿聯酋王儲穆罕默德·本·扎耶德舉行了電話會議，以慶祝這一事件。
這筆交易隨後在伯科維茨發送的特朗普賬戶的一條推文中公開。
幾天之內，巴林財政部長薩勒曼·本·哈利法（Salman bin Khalifa）致電白宮，要求成為下一個與以色列實現關係正常化的國家，並指出阿聯酋已為其長期禁忌之舉提供了政治掩護。
這三個國家於下個月在白宮參加了簽字儀式，摩洛哥於2020年12月加入了亞伯拉罕協議。
‘What the hell was that?’: Netanyahu annexation announcement caught Trump off guard
Book tells of Jared Kushner’s fury at Israeli PM’s unexpected declaration, an exasperated Trump snapping, ‘If you want to do it, do it,’ and Netanyahu’s cold feet before UAE deal
By TOI STAFF14 December 2021, 12:31 am
Then-US president Donald Trump, right, looks over to then-prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu, left, during an event in the East Room of the White House in Washington, January 28, 2020, at which Trump unveiled his 'Peace to Prosperity' vision for an Israeli-Palestinian accord. (AP/Susan Walsh)
In January 2020, during a festive White House unveiling of Donald Trump’s long-gestating peace plan, then-Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu giddily announced that under its auspices, Israel would move to immediately annex large parts of the West Bank.
The Israeli right was ecstatic. Finally, they believed, Israel would take full control of land that settler leaders hope will remain forever Israeli — and with the blessing of a US president, no less.
There was only one problem, according to new reporting on the events of those dramatic days: Nobody had bothered asking the president in question.
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In fact, according to a new book from Israeli journalist Barak Ravid, Trump and peace-plan architect Jared Kushner were caught completely off guard by Netanyahu’s declaration during the White House event.
The new details were reported in a pair of podcast episodes released Monday in a new series from Axios called “How It Happened,” which uses Ravid’s reporting from his new Hebrew book, “Trump’s Peace,” to tell the story of how Trump’s failed peace plan morphed into the successful brokering of the Abraham Accords.
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According to the podcast, Netanyahu decided to go forward with the annexation announcement after receiving assurances from then-US ambassador to Israel and longtime settlement-backer David Friedman that the US would back the move, even though the envoy never ran the idea by the White House.
The US proposal envisioned Israel annexing all of its settlements along with the Jordan Valley as part of a final status agreement. But it did not give a clear timeline, and it definitely did not stipulate that the move would take place right off the bat.
“Israel will apply its laws to the Jordan Valley, to all Jewish communities in Judea and Samaria, and to other areas that your plan designates as part of Israel and which the US agrees to recognize as part of Israel,” Netanyahu said.
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Trump was standing right behind him and glanced at someone off stage, checking to make sure what he had just heard, Ravid recalled. After Netanyahu left the White House, Trump met with his advisers and asked them, “What the hell was that?”
Kushner, meanwhile, was livid.
The perfect platform
Going back to the peace plan’s earlier stages, Ravid began by sharing the story of how Kushner became tasked with handling the Israeli-Palestinian peace file. Ahead of his inauguration, Trump held a briefing with The New York Times, during which he told them of the decision, despite never having given Kushner the heads-up.
Kushner would go on to joke that Trump gave him the job because he must not like him very much.
Less than a year into the administration, after Trump had met with both Netanyahu and Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas, the president made the decision in 2017 to officially recognize Jerusalem as Israel’s capital.
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Kushner notified a visiting PA delegation led by the late Palestinian negotiator Saeb Erekat of the decision in December 2017. Erekat was shocked and warned him that the move would disqualify the US as a peace broker and risked plummeting the region into violence, Ravid said. Kushner did not take the criticism well, and shouted back at Erekat that he would not be threatened.
Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas, right, meets US President Donald Trump In the West Bank city of Bethlehem on May 23, 2017. (Fadi Arouri, Xinhua Pool via AP)
Trump himself later phoned Abbas to update him personally of the decision and tried during the call to calm him down, assuring the PA leader that Ramallah would get its own gesture from Washington next. But after rambling for several minutes, Trump noticed that Abbas had hung up on him, Ravid said. That would be the last time the two leaders would ever talk.
Trump would go on to exact his own form of revenge in response to the PA’s refusal to engage with US peace efforts, cutting virtually all aid to the Palestinians, shuttering the PLO diplomatic office in Washington, and closing the US consulate in Jerusalem that historically had served as the de facto mission to the Palestinians.
Netanyahu, meanwhile, cozied up to Trump, seeking to capitalize on Trump’s anger toward the Palestinians and interest in pleasing his evangelical base. This paid dividends for the Israeli leader in the form of the US withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal in May 2018, the opening of the US embassy in Jerusalem that same year, and Trump’s recognition of Israeli sovereignty over the Golan Heights in March 2019, just weeks before an election in Israel. (Trump told Ravid in a newly released interview that he had recognized the Golan in part because he wanted to help Netanyahu in the vote. But Netanyahu failed to secure a ruling majority and Israel was plunged into two years of political chaos and three more elections.)
Netanyahu then began considering taking Trump’s apparent generosity a step further, seeking US support for a plan to annex large parts of the West Bank. The move was a nod to the settler movement, which Netanyahu had increasingly come to rely on amid the snowballing corruption cases against him.
When the Trump administration began coalescing its peace plan in 2019, Netanyahu saw it as a platform for his annexation announcement, Ravid revealed on the Axios podcast. Netanyahu was further emboldened by Friedman, who assured the Israelis that Trump would be fine with the controversial move. But Ravid said that the ambassador never ran the idea by Trump and Kushner, who were opposed to it, concerned that it would tank their plan.
Then-prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu (L) and then-US ambassador to Israel David Friedman (2nd-L) at the northern West Bank settlement of Ariel on February 24, 2020. (David Azagury/US embassy Jerusalem)
Friedman disputes Ravid’s account. He tweeted Sunday that “not only was the president informed and aware of the sovereignty process, he outlined it in this speech. There were numerous follow-up discussions as well, all of which included me. A book on this subject on which I was never consulted should be taken with a grain of salt.”
Still unaware of Trump’s opposition to annexation, Netanyahu arrived in Washington for the January 28, 2020, unveiling ceremony of the US peace plan, and made his big announcement.
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One Trump aide told Ravid that Netanyahu turned the US leader into a “potted plant” during that “campaign” speech, when the president thought the Israeli premier would use the opportunity to make a gesture toward the Palestinians.
Shortly after the ceremony, Netanyahu met with reporters at Blair House, where he was staying, and told them that he planned to bring the annexation move before the cabinet for approval within days.
But around the same time, Kushner called Friedman into his office, where he dressed down the envoy for convincing the Israelis that the US would support the annexation plan. He then ordered Friedman to go across the street to Blair House and inform the prime minister that the US would not accept such a move, Ravid said.
Netanyahu was made to understand that a US greenlight for annexation had not been given, and had no choice but to delay the process in the Israeli government — though he continued to insist the move would soon happen.
A month went by with very little contact between the Israelis and Americans. Then one day, Israel’s ambassador to the US at the time, longtime Netanyahu confidant Ron Dermer, paid a visit to Kushner, and blamed the White House for embarrassing the prime minister over the annexation saga, Ravid recounted.
Kushner pushed back, insisting that no US president had done more for Israel. Dermer then told Kushner that Netanyahu did not know whether he could trust the Trump administration anymore. At that point, Kushner lost his cool and threw the Israeli ambassador out of his office.
Then-prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu (2nd from right) meets at his Jerusalem office with then-ambassador to the US, Ron Dermer (right); then-White House adviser Jared Kushner (center); then-US ambassador David Friedman (second left); and then-special envoy Jason Greenblatt, on June 22, 2018. (Kobi Gideon/GPO/File)
‘If you want to do it, do it’
Still determined to move forward with the annexation plan, Netanyahu negotiated the matter into his coalition agreement with Blue and White chairman Benny Gantz after the March 2020 election. The premier even set a timeline for the move, vowing to begin carrying it out on July 1 of that year.
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At that point though, the only one pulling for the move in the Trump administration was Friedman, who decided to fly to Washington a week before the July 1 deadline to lobby the president, Ravid reported.
The meeting did not go well at all for Friedman though, with Trump using the opportunity to complain about the speech Netanyahu gave at the peace plan’s unveiling. Friedman tried to interrupt, but Trump responded, “David, why are we even talking about this,” according to the Axios podcast.
The president again insisted that he had already done more for Israel than any of his predecessors before quickly losing his patience and saying, “If you want to do it, do it,” and adding that his secretary of state Mike Pompeo would be the one to decide.
But before Friedman left, Trump warned, “You should know though that if anything happens, it’s on all of your heads.” Ravid said this last remark shook Friedman, who did not want to be responsible for what might come next.
Israeli journalist Barak Ravid (Twitter)
Kushner subsequently dispatched Friedman along with White House peace envoy Avi Berkowitz to Jerusalem in order to convince Netanyahu not to go through with the annexation plan.
The meetings took place during the height of the first wave of the coronavirus pandemic. At their meeting, Netanyahu sat behind a glass divider that Berkowitz told Ravid “was something out of science fiction.”
Friedman at one point left the room, at which point Berkowitz piped up, “I’m not sure what David told you, but the meeting with the president regarding annexation went really badly.”
Berkowitz urged Netanyahu not to go forward with the move, and said that if the premier insisted, it would have to be done alongside a series of significant gestures to the Palestinians. This further angered Netanyahu, who threatened to go ahead and carry out the move unilaterally, Ravid reported.
The US envoy said that the prime minister was free to do so, but that he should be aware that it could lead Trump to tweet against Netanyahu, and he could lose the president’s support.
Avi Berkowitz, left, then-US president Donald Trump’s special representative for international negotiations, leaves the US mission to the United Nations after attending a luncheon for members of the Security Council, February 7, 2020, in New York. (AP Photo/Mark Lennihan)
“You’re going to take your greatest friend in the world, and make him an enemy. I can’t tell you what to do but I strongly advise you against it,” Ravid quoted Berkowitz as having told Netanyahu.
A solution takes shape
After two meetings between Netanyahu, Friedman and Berkowitz in which the sides made no progress, Berkowitz called Kushner, and the two decided to offer Netanyahu a carrot in exchange for shelving annexation.
Back in March 2019, United Arab Emirates Ambassador to the US Yousef al-Otaiba had paid a visit to Kushner’s home in Washington. There he told Trump’s senior adviser that the UAE wanted to normalize ties with Israel.
With that meeting in mind, Kushner told Berkowitz to offer the UAE proposal in exchange for Netanyahu dropping annexation.
Netanyahu responded that he would consider the proposal, but insisted that he was not ready to drop annexation entirely.
Berkowitz flew back to Washington and headed straight to the White House to update Kushner. While on the way, the envoy got a call from Otaiba who suggested the exact same exchange — normalization for shelving annexation.
Then-US president Donald Trump, accompanied by (from left), then-US special envoy for Iran Brian Hook, Avraham Berkowitz, then-assistant to the president and special representative for international negotiations, then-US ambassador to Israel David Friedman, Trump’s White House senior adviser Jared Kushner, and then-treasury secretary Steven Mnuchin, applauding in the Oval Office at the White House, August 12, 2020, in Washington. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
Berkowitz called the conversation “a godsend, one of the best phone calls I’ve ever had in my life,” in an interview played on the Axios podcast.
The US envoy told Otaiba that he just so happened to have thought of the same proposal. The Israelis, the Emiratis, and the Americans would subsequently launch marathon negotiations on the matter. Ravid noted that the Emiratis never negotiated directly with the Israelis, as Abu Dhabi wanted to be sure that the Israeli commitments were being made to the US, not the UAE, evidently not entirely convinced of Netanyahu’s sincerity.
The sides managed to make progress, but the talks nearly blew up several times, including once when Dermer told Berkowitz that Netanyahu would only drop annexation if three Arab countries agreed to normalize ties with Israel, not just one.
Berkowitz passed along the message to Kushner, who was furious. “He’s only going to get one country, and if he doesn’t want it, he can just go fuck himself,” Ravid quoted Trump’s son-in-law as saying.
Berkowitz went back to Dermer and said, “I’ll tell you gently, take what you’re offered.”
Emirati Ambassador to the US Yousef al-Otaiba at an event with then-US House speaker Paul Ryan, at the Emirates Diplomatic Academy, in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, January 25, 2018. (AP/Jon Gambrell)
Eventually, the sides appeared to move past all their differences and a date was set for the public announcement on August 13, 2020.
Ravid said that on the day before, Netanyahu got cold feet and had Dermer call the White House to notify them that the prime minister would not be signing the agreement.
Not having any of it, Friedman — who had already flown to Washington for the big day — called Netanyahu, screaming, “It’s happening tomorrow. You don’t have a choice.” The pep-talk appeared to work as Netanyahu got back on board.
On the day of the announcement, the White House was still working on coming up with a name for the normalization agreement, Ravid said. It was National Security Council staffer Miguel Correa who came up with “The Abraham Accords,” in reference to the biblical father of both Judaism and Islam. The idea was brought to Trump, who joked that the “Trump Accords” would be better, but that he would agree to their idea as well.
Former Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu, former US president Donald Trump, and United Arab Emirates Foreign Minister Abdullah bin Zayed al-Nahyan, sit during the Abraham Accords signing ceremony on the South Lawn of the White House, in Washington, on September 15, 2020. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon, File)
Hours later, a conference call took place between Trump, Netanyahu, and UAE Crown Prince Mohamed bin Zayed to celebrate the event.
The deal was then made public in a tweet from Trump’s account that was sent out by Berkowitz.
Within days, Bahrain’s Finance Minister Salman bin Khalifa called the White House asking to be the next country to normalize ties with Israel, noting that the UAE had provided it with the political cover needed for the long-time taboo move.
The three countries participated in a signing ceremony at the White House the next month, and Morocco joined the Abraham Accords in December 2020.
Israeli study finds 2 Pfizer shots fail to neutralize Omicron, but booster effective
This data is ‘very worrisome,’ says study head, but those who received a third dose of the vaccine have cause for ‘optimism’
By NATHAN JEFFAY 12 December 2021, 10:17 am
A healthcare worker prepares a vaccine in Safed, northern Israel, November 29, 2021. (David Cohen/Flash90)
People who were vaccinated with Pfizer shots six months ago or more have “almost no neutralizing ability” against the Omicron variant, while those who received boosters are in reasonably good shape, an Israeli study has found.
Prof. Gili Regev Yochay of Sheba Medical Center said that her research is “very worrisome” due to its implications for people who have had just two shots and had more than a half-year pass since their most recent vaccination — which applies to many of the world’s Pfizer vaccinees. However, it gives cause for “optimism” regarding the power of boosters to fight Omicron, albeit less effectively than they fight Delta.
“The fact that Omicron is somewhat resistant to the vaccine is very much apparent when you’re only with two doses, and much less substantive after a third dose,” she told a media briefing on Saturday night.
She acknowledged that the study was small, involving 40 people, but said that she thinks its results are reliable and significant.
Regev Yochay detailed the research, which is expected to be published in the New England Journal of Medicine after peer review, saying: “What we have done, and we finished lab work today, is look at the ability of serum from vaccinated healthcare workers at the Sheba Medical Center, and we compared two groups.
“One received the second dose five to six months ago and are eligible for a third dose but didn’t get it and we compared it to healthcare workers who have received the booster dose one month ago, and we compared ability to neutralize Omicron,” she said, referring to the antibodies’ response to the strain.
An Israeli receives a coronavirus booster shot at a Maccabi Healthcare Services vaccination center, on August 1, 2021. (Yonatan Sindel/Flash90)
The serum was put together with live SARS-CoV-2 from the Omicron strain in lab conditions. Sheba — the hospital where Israel’s third confirmed Omicron patient, Dr. Elad Maor, works — has not confirmed where its Omicron sample was obtained.
Discussing the results, Regev Yochay said: “We have good news and bad news. The bad news is that people who received the second dose five or six months ago have almost no neutralization ability against Omicron — while they have some against Delta and the Y Type [the original strain] — and that’s very worrisome.
“The good news is with the booster dose there is significant protection. It is lower than the neutralization ability against Delta, about four times lower, but it is obviously very optimistic. Yet we don’t know if this will decrease with time and we’re working on that.”
She elaborated that her interpretation of the data for the newly boosted was “optimistic,” despite the neutralizing ability being lower than for Delta, is because it is still enough to prevent lots of infections and, she expects, it will prevent many of those infected from becoming seriously ill.
“I can assume most of the people will not get severe disease, but at least some of them will get infected,” she said.
以色列研究發現 2 次輝瑞注射劑未能中和 Omicron，但助推器有效
研究負責人表示，這些數據“非常令人擔憂”，但接種第三劑疫苗的人有理由“樂觀”
通過內森杰斐 2021 年 12 月 12 日，上午 10:17
2021 年 11 月 29 日，一名醫護人員在以色列北部的 Safed 準備疫苗。 (David Cohen/Flash90)
一項以色列研究發現，六個月或更長時間前接種輝瑞疫苗的人對 Omicron 變體“幾乎沒有中和能力”，而接受加強劑的人身體狀況相當好。
Sheba 醫學中心的 Gili Regev Yochay 教授說，她的研究“非常令人擔憂”，因為它對那些自最近一次接種疫苗以來只打了兩次疫苗並且已經過了半年以上的人有影響——這適用於許多全球的輝瑞疫苗接種者。然而，它讓人們對助推器對抗 Omicron 的力量感到“樂觀”，儘管不如對抗 Delta 有效。
“當你只接種兩劑時，Omicron 對疫苗有一定的抵抗力這一事實非常明顯，而在第三劑後就沒有那麼實質性了，”她在周六晚上的媒體簡報會上說。
她承認這項研究規模很小，涉及 40 人，但表示她認為其結果可靠且意義重大。
Regev Yochay 詳細介紹了這項研究，該研究預計將在同行評審後發表在《新英格蘭醫學雜誌》上，他說：“我們所做的，以及我們今天完成的實驗室工作，是觀察接種疫苗的醫護人員血清的能力。 Sheba 醫療中心，我們比較了兩組。
“一個人在五到六個月前接種了第二劑，有資格接種第三劑但沒有接種，我們將其與一個月前接種加強劑的醫護人員進行了比較，我們比較了中和 Omicron 的能力，”她說，指的是抗體對菌株的反應。
2021 年 8 月 1 日，一名以色列人在馬卡比醫療保健服務疫苗接種中心接受了冠狀病毒加強注射。 (Yonatan Sindel/Flash90)
在實驗室條件下，將血清與來自 Omicron 菌株的活 SARS-CoV-2 放在一起。Sheba——以色列第三位確診 Omicron 患者的醫院，Elad Maor 博士，——尚未確認其 Omicron 樣本的獲取地點。
在討論結果時，Regev Yochay 說：“我們有好消息和壞消息。壞消息是，五六個月前接受第二劑的人幾乎沒有對抗 Omicron 的中和能力——而他們有一些對抗 Delta 和 Y 型（原始菌株）——這非常令人擔憂。
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“好消息是加強劑量有顯著的保護作用。比對陣Delta的中和能力低了四倍左右，但顯然是非常樂觀的。然而，我們不知道這是否會隨著時間的推移而減少，我們正在努力。”
她詳細解釋說，她對新增強的數據的解釋是“樂觀的”，儘管中和能力低於 Delta，因為它仍然足以防止大量感染，而且她預計，它將防止許多感染者免得重病。
“我可以假設大多數人不會患上嚴重的疾病，但至少其中一些人會被感染，”她說。
拉皮德：極端主義暴力是“以色列的污點”，必須零容忍
在本月早些時候發表的最新評論中，在當前針對巴勒斯坦人的“定居者暴力”的聯盟風暴之前，外交部長譴責了“暴力流氓”
通過TOI人員今天 12:40 pm更新於 1:08 pm
外交部長亞伊爾·拉皮德於 2021 年 11 月 8 日在以色列議會舉行的 Yesh Atid 派系會議上發表講話 (Olivier Fitoussi/Flash90)
以色列外長拉皮德本月早些時候對一家美國期刊表示，極端主義暴力是“以色列的污點”，因為以色列極端分子對巴勒斯坦人的暴力襲擊明顯增多。
Lapid's 在本月早些時候接受大西洋月刊採訪時發表了上述評論，該採訪於週三發表。最近幾天，在公共安全部長奧馬爾·巴列夫 (Omer Barlev) 宣布他與一位來訪的美國外交官討論“定居者暴力”之後，聯盟內部出現了摩擦，導致聯盟的右翼譴責他並捍衛定居者運動。
中間派 Yesh Atid 黨成員拉皮德說：“誰攻擊無辜者都是流氓和罪犯，將受到同樣的對待。” “對這個問題將採取零容忍態度。我與我們的國防部長進行了長時間的交談，他現在正在組建自己的工作組以確保停止這種情況。”
上個月，國防部長本尼·甘茨（Benny Gantz）與該國安全部隊的高級代表舉行了高層會議討論這個問題，呼籲軍方在有人被殺之前進行干預。週三，甘茨和巴列夫同意將數百名以色列國防軍士兵招募到警察中，以便更多的警察可以被重新分配到打擊極端主義定居者的暴力行為。
2020 年，Shin Bet 在西岸記錄了 272 起暴力事件；2021年截至目前，國內安全機構已記錄397起，距離年底還有兩週。
親巴勒斯坦權利組織表示，襲擊者很少受到起訴，報告稱絕大多數案件都在沒有起訴的情況下結案。
2021 年 11 月 12 日，據稱是以色列定居者的蒙面男子揮舞著棍棒，目擊者和警方稱他們襲擊了在蘇里夫附近試圖收穫橄欖的巴勒斯坦人。（圖片來源：Shai Kendler）
《大西洋月刊》稱，拉皮德強調極端暴力問題是他的首要任務。
“我拒絕將其作為一個政治問題來討論，因為這會讓 [肇事者] 受寵若驚，”拉皮德說。“這不是政治立場。這些是暴力的流氓，他們試圖在政治上解釋他們就是這樣的事實。我們談論的是那些‘意識形態’和‘政治’只是藉口的罪犯。”
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拉皮德說他想強調暴力也不應該被視為宗教問題，並引用了他對諾貝爾獎獲得者活動家馬拉拉·優素福扎伊（Malala Yousafzai）的採訪，後者因在巴基斯坦為女童教育而被槍殺。
“她被問及出於宗教原因向她頭部開槍的​​宗教人士。她說，‘他們不是出於宗教原因向我開槍。這些人想射殺其他人，並以宗教為藉口，'”拉皮德說。“這也是一樣。這些都是罪犯，應該受到同樣的對待。應該對他們零容忍，以色列政府也會對他們零容忍。”
閱讀更多：定居者對巴勒斯坦人的襲擊正在增加，但正義仍然難以捉摸
Lapid 的評論是在 Barlev 發表評論後發表的。政府右翼指責中左翼工黨成員巴列夫將少數極端分子的行為概括為譴責整個社區的行為。一些反對派議員也批評巴列夫的言論。
2021 年 12 月 6 日，公安部長 Omer Barlev。（Noam Revkin Fenton/Flash90）
巴列夫反駁說，他的批評者很難“照鏡子”，而且定居者的暴力行為正在成為國際舞台上的一個問題。
納夫塔利·貝內特總理默契地加入了批評部長的行列。“幾十年來，猶地亞和撒馬利亞的定居者每天都在遭受暴力和恐怖襲擊，”貝內特在推特上寫道。“他們是我們所有人的防禦堡壘，我們必須在言行上加強和支持他們。”
右翼聯盟議員尼爾奧爾巴赫週三表示，他將在他領導的以色列議會眾議院委員會中擱置立法，該委員會由反對約旦河西岸定居者的政府成員提出。
Lapid: Extremist violence ‘a stain on Israel,’ there must be zero tolerance
In newly published comments made earlier this month, before current coalition storm on ‘settler violence’ against Palestinians, the foreign minister decried ‘violent hooligans’
By TOI STAFFToday, 12:40 pmUpdated at 1:08 pm
Foreign Minister Yair Lapid speaks during a Yesh Atid faction meeting at the Knesset on November 8, 2021 (Olivier Fitoussi/Flash90)
Foreign Minister Yair Lapid told an American periodical earlier this month that extremist violence is “a stain on Israel,” amid a noted rise in violent attacks by Israeli extremists against Palestinians.
Lapid’s made the comments in an interview earlier this month with The Atlantic that was published on Wednesday. Recent days have seen friction in the coalition after Public Security Minister Omer Barlev announced that he had discussed “settler violence” with a visiting American diplomat earlier this week, leading the coalition’s right-wing flank to censure him and defend the settler movement.
“Whoever attacks innocent people is a hooligan and a criminal and is going to be treated as such,” said Lapid, a member of the centrist Yesh Atid party. “There’s going to be zero tolerance toward this issue. I had a long conversation with our minister of defense, who is now creating his own task force to make sure this will be stopped.”
Last month, Defense Minister Benny Gantz held a high-level meeting with top representatives of the country’s security forces to discuss the problem, calling for the military to intervene before someone was killed. On Wednesday Gantz and Barlev agreed to draft hundreds of Israel Defense Forces soldiers into the police so that more police officers could be redirected to combating extremist settler violence.
In 2020, the Shin Bet registered 272 violent incidents in the West Bank; so far in 2021, the domestic security agency has recorded 397, with two weeks to go before year’s end.
Pro-Palestinian rights groups say assailants are rarely prosecuted, reporting that the vast majority of cases are closed without indictments.
Masked men, allegedly Israeli settlers, wield clubs during what eyewitnesses and police called an attack on Palestinians seeking to harvest olives near Surif, on November 12, 2021. (Credit: Shai Kendler)
The Atlantic said that Lapid emphasized that the issue of extremist violence was a priority for him.
“I refuse to discuss this as a political issue, because this flatters [the perpetrators],” Lapid said. “This is not a political stand. These are violent hooligans who are trying to give a political spin to the fact that they are just that. We’re speaking about criminals for whom ‘ideology’ and ‘politics’ is just an excuse.”
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Lapid said he wished to emphasize that the violence should not be considered a religious issue, either, and cited an interview he read with Nobel Prize-winning activist Malala Yousafzai who was shot for campaigning for girls’ education in Pakistan.
“She was asked about religious people who shot her in the head for religious reasons. And she said, ‘They were not shooting at me for religious reasons. These were people who wanted to shoot other people and used religion as an excuse,’” Lapid said. “This is the same. These are criminals and should be treated as such. There should be zero tolerance toward them and there will be zero tolerance toward them from the Israeli government.”
Read more: Settler attacks on Palestinians are on the rise, but justice remains elusive
Lapid’s comments were published amid the fallout following Barlev’s comments. The government’s right wing has accused Barlev — a member of the center-left Labor party — of generalizing the actions of a few extremists to condemn an entire community. Some opposition lawmakers also criticized Barlev for the remarks.
Public Security Minister Omer Barlev on December 6, 2021. (Noam Revkin Fenton/Flash90)
Barlev pushed back, saying his critics were having difficulty “looking in the mirror,” and that settler violence was becoming an issue on the international stage.
Prime Minister Naftali Bennett tacitly joined those criticizing the minister. “Settlers in Judea and Samaria have suffered violence and terror, daily, for decades,” Bennett tweeted. “They are the defensive bulwark for all of us, and we must strengthen and support them, in words and actions.”
Right-wing coalition lawmaker Nir Orbach said Wednesday he would stall legislation in the Knesset House Committee, which he heads, that is brought by members of the government who speak out against settlers in the West Bank.
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