2021.11.09 國際新聞導讀-衣索比亞指控以色列收留內戰戰犯、伊拉克總理受無人機刺殺攻擊懷疑是伊朗所為、伊朗要求美國先解除制裁再恢復談判使人懷疑到底有無誠意恢復談判、摩洛哥與阿爾及利亞因為西撒哈拉歸屬交惡40年、以色列有機會干預利比亞內戰、伊朗處決同性戀情人

蘇老師講解國際新聞、中東與中亞歷史、中國事務、太空知識的頻道。 Diplomat's daily news review and history research on Middle East and Central Asia, China Affairs and Space Exploration

2021.11.09 國際新聞導讀-衣索比亞指控以色列收留內戰戰犯、伊拉克總理受無人機刺殺攻擊懷疑是伊朗所為、伊朗要求美國先解除制裁再恢復談判使人懷疑到底有無誠意恢復談判、摩洛哥與阿爾及利亞因為西撒哈拉歸屬交惡40年、以色列有機會干預利比亞內戰、伊朗處決同性戀情人
圖片為伊拉克總理卡迪米。
據報導，利比亞軍閥之子訪問以色列，提供關係以換取支持
薩達姆·哈夫塔爾說，他的父親要求提供“軍事和外交”援助，以換取與猶太國家關係正常化的承諾
通過TOI人員今天，上午 9:12
利比亞民兵指揮官哈利法·哈夫塔爾將軍於 2017 年 8 月 14 日在俄羅斯莫斯科會見俄羅斯外交部長謝爾蓋·拉夫羅夫。 （美聯社照片 / Ivan Sekretarev，文件）
據報導，利比亞軍閥哈利法·哈夫塔爾的兒子上周訪問了以色列，與以色列官員進行了一次秘密會晤，他提出在兩國之間建立外交關係，以換取以色列的支持。
據說薩達姆哈夫塔爾在 12 月 23 日的選舉中關注利比亞的總統職位，他於上週一乘坐法國製造的私人達索獵鷹噴氣式飛機降落在本古里安機場，該噴氣式飛機在從迪拜飛往利比亞的途中在以色列短暫停留。週一報導。
該報稱，不知道他在短暫訪問期間會見了哪些以色列官員，但他之前曾與摩薩德間諜機構的“Tevel”部門有過接觸，該部門與以色列沒有關係的國家打交道。
跳過廣告
根據該報告，哈夫塔爾傳達了他父親的信息，要求以色列提供“軍事和外交援助”，以換取在利比亞和以色列之間建立正常化進程的承諾，類似於建立猶太國家和阿拉伯聯合酋長國之間關係的亞伯拉罕協議，巴林和摩洛哥。
以色列與利比亞沒有正式關係，利比亞是巴勒斯坦事業的堅定支持者，尤其是在 2011 年被推翻的獨裁者穆阿邁爾·卡扎菲 (Muammar Gaddafi) 領導下。
自 2011 年內戰推翻長期獨裁者卡扎菲後，利比亞一直處於動蕩之中，卡扎菲後來被殺。此後，該國在東西方的敵對政府之間分裂，每個政府都得到武裝團體和外國政府的支持。
哈利法·哈夫塔爾將軍在 2019 年發起了旨在攻占的黎波里的攻勢，得到了阿拉伯聯合酋長國、埃及和俄羅斯的支持，而駐紮在的黎波里的民兵則得到了卡塔爾、意大利和土耳其的援助。
忠於利比亞民族團結政府 (GNA) 的部隊於 2019 年 4 月 18 日在控制了位於利比亞首都的黎波里以南約 40 公里的 al-Aziziyah 地區後，與忠於強人 Khalifa Haftar 的部隊發生激烈衝突後做出姿態（馬哈茂德土耳其/法新社）
儘管有以色列在幕後參與的指控，但以色列一直避免對戰爭採取公開立場。然而，人們普遍認為以色列與埃及和海灣國家結盟。
廣告
去年，在接受一家以色列報紙的罕見採訪中，哈夫塔爾東部反叛政府的一名利比亞高級官員呼籲以色列提供支持。
“我們從來不是也永遠不會是敵人，我們希望你能支持我們。直到這一點，我們才將我們分開，”哈夫塔爾告訴 Makor Rishon，附屬政府的副總理阿卜杜勒·薩拉姆·巴德里 (Abdul Salam al-Badri)。
Al-Badri 誇大了利比亞歷史悠久的猶太社區，他將其描述為留下了寬容的遺產，並表示他的政府支持以兩國解決方案來解決以巴衝突。
“縱觀歷史，我們一直是所有信仰的人的避難所。我們與以色列人民和猶太社區有著悠久的接觸歷史，”他說。
雖然利比亞猶太社區的歷史可以追溯到數千年前，但大多數猶太人在 1949 年因以色列建國後反猶太主義抬頭而逃離該國。該國針對猶太人的連續大屠殺和限制猶太人公民自由的法律鼓勵更多人移民。到卡扎菲在 1960 年代掌權時，所剩無幾。
Son of Libyan warlord reported to visit Israel, offer ties in return for backing
Saddam Haftar said to carry message from his father requesting ‘military and diplomatic’ assistance in return for a pledge to normalize relations with the Jewish state
By TOI STAFFToday, 9:12 am
Libyan militia commander Gen. Khalifa Haftar meets with Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov in Moscow, Russia, August 14, 2017. (AP Photo/Ivan Sekretarev, File)
The son of Libyan warlord Khalifa Haftar reportedly visited Israel last week for a secret meeting with Israeli officials in which he offered to establish diplomatic relations between the two countries in return for Israeli support.
Saddam Haftar, who is said to be eyeing Libya’s presidency in its December 23 elections, landed at Ben Gurion Airport last Monday on a private French-made Dassault Falcon jet, which stopped briefly in Israel on its way from Dubai to Libya, the Haaretz daily reported Monday.
The paper said it was not known which Israeli officials he met during the short visit but that he had previously been in contact with the “Tevel” department of the Mossad spy agency, which deals with countries Israel doesn’t have relations with.
According to the report, Haftar carried a message from his father requesting Israeli “military and diplomatic assistance” in return for a pledge to establish a normalization process between Libya and Israel akin to the Abraham Accords establishing relations between the Jewish state and United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Morocco.
Israel has no official ties with Libya, which was a staunch supporter of the Palestinian cause, especially under dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was overthrown in 2011.
Libya has been in turmoil since 2011 when a civil war toppled long-time dictator Gaddafi, who was later killed. The country has since split between rival administrations in the east and the west, each backed by armed groups and foreign governments.
Gen. Khalifa Haftar, who launched an offensive aimed at capturing Tripoli in 2019, is backed by the United Arab Emirates, Egypt and Russia, while the Tripoli-based militias are aided by Qatar, Italy and Turkey.
Forces loyal to Libya’s Government of National Accord (GNA) gesture on April 18, 2019, after taking control of the area of al-Aziziyah, located some 40 kilometers south of the Libyan capital Tripoli, following fierce clashes with forces loyal to strongman Khalifa Haftar (Mahmud TURKIA / AFP)
Israel has avoided taking a public stance on the war, despite allegations of Israeli involvement behind the scenes. However, Israel is widely seen as being aligned with Egypt and the Gulf states.
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In a rare interview with an Israeli newspaper last year, a senior Libyan official with Haftar’s eastern-based rebel government called on Israel for support.
“We never were and never will be enemies, and we hope you will support us. It is only circumstance which has separated us up until this point,” Abdul Salam al-Badri, deputy prime minister in the government affiliated with, Haftar told Makor Rishon.
Al-Badri played up Libya’s historic Jewish community, which he described as leaving a legacy of tolerance, and said his government supported a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
“Throughout history, we have served as a refuge for people of all faiths. We have a long history of contact with the people of Israel and the Jewish community,” he said.
While the Libyan Jewish community dates back thousands of years, most Jews fled the country in 1949 amid rising anti-Semitism following Israel’s establishment. Successive pogroms against Jews in the country and laws restricting Jewish civil liberties encouraged still more to emigrate. By the time Gaddafi rose to power in the 1960s, few were left.
伊朗禁止報紙暗示最高領導人應對貧困負責
媒體監督機構在 Kelid 發表頭版文章後關閉了它
由AP今天，下午 1:57
伊朗最高領袖阿亞圖拉阿里哈梅內伊於 2021 年 7 月 28 日在伊朗德黑蘭發表講話。（伊朗最高領袖辦公室通過美聯社）
阿拉伯聯合酋長國迪拜——據報導，伊朗司法當局週一禁止一家報紙刊登頭版圖片，該圖片似乎顯示最高領袖阿亞圖拉·阿里·哈梅內伊（Ayatollah Ali Khamenei）在對該國經濟低迷的普遍憤怒中手繪了該伊斯蘭共和國的貧困線。
半官方的梅爾通訊社說，伊朗媒體監督機構在周六發表題為“數百萬伊朗人生活在貧困線下”的頭版文章後關閉了《Kelid》日報。
在標題下方，圖形顯示了一個人的左手拿著一支筆並在頁面上畫了一條紅線，因為下面的人的剪影正在伸向這條線。
該圖形類似於哈梅內伊用左手在一張紙上書寫的早期圖像，其中一個手指上戴著一個顯眼的戒指。自 1981 年爆炸事件以來，他的權利一直處於癱瘓狀態。
與國家電視台有關的組織青年記者俱樂部早些時候報導說，報紙出版後審查員正在審查。國營的 IRNA 通訊社承認 Kelid 已被關閉，但沒有解釋決定的原因。
週一，凱利德無法立即回應置評請求。其網站已下線。
自 1979 年伊斯蘭革命以來，國家主導的經濟一直面臨困境，自 2018 年前總統唐納德特朗普單方面讓美國退出德黑蘭與世界大國的核協議以來，伊朗面臨越來越大的壓力。
伊朗里亞爾現在約為 281,500 美元，而 2015 年核協議達成時，1 美元的匯率為 32,000 里亞爾。由於美國的製裁仍在扼殺經濟，破紀錄的通貨膨脹對普通伊朗人造成了最嚴重的傷害。震驚的購物者正在從他們的飲食中減少肉類和奶製品，每個月購買的東西越來越少。
雖然廣播和電視台在伊朗都是國家控制的，但報紙和雜誌可以由私人擁有和出版。然而，據新聞倡導團體稱，伊朗記者在該國面臨著不斷的騷擾和被捕的威脅。
Iran bans newspaper that hinted supreme leader responsible for poverty
Media supervisory body shuts down Kelid after it published a front-page article with an image of the poverty line being drawn by a hand resembling Khamenei’s
By APToday, 1:57 pm
Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei speaks in Tehran, Iran, July 28, 2021. (Office of the Iranian Supreme Leader via AP)
DUBAI, United Arab Emirates — Iran’s judicial authorities reportedly banned a newspaper Monday for publishing a front-page graphic that appeared to show Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei’s hand drawing the poverty line in the Islamic Republic amid widespread anger over the nation’s cratering economy.
The semiofficial Mehr news agency said Iran’s media supervisory body shut down the daily newspaper Kelid after it published a front-page article titled “Millions of Iranians Living under Poverty Line” on Saturday.
Under the headline, the graphic shows a person’s left hand holding a pen and drawing a red line across the page as silhouettes of people underneath are reaching up to the line.
The graphic resembled an earlier image of Khamenei writing on a piece of paper with his left hand, a prominent ring on one of his fingers. His right has been paralyzed since a 1981 bombing.
The Young Journalists Club, a group associated with state television, earlier reported that censors were examining the newspaper after the publication. The state-run IRNA news agency acknowledged Kelid had been shut down, without explaining the reason for the decision.
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Kelid could not immediately respond to a request for comment Monday. Its website has been taken offline.
Iran, whose state-dominated economy has long faced trouble since the 1979 Islamic Revolution, has been under increased pressure since former president Donald Trump unilaterally withdrew America from Tehran’s nuclear deal with world powers in 2018.
The Iranian rial is now about 281,500 to the dollar — compared with 32,000 rials for $1 at the time when the 2015 nuclear deal was struck. With US sanctions still strangling the economy, record-breaking inflation has hit ordinary Iranians where it hurts most. Stunned shoppers are cutting meat and dairy from their diets, buying less and less each month.
While radio and television stations are all state-controlled in Iran, newspapers and magazines can be owned and published by private individuals. However, Iranian journalists face constant harassment and the threat of arrest in the country, according to press advocacy groups.
伊朗：核談判需要美國解除、核實和保證制裁
伊斯蘭國誓言繼續違反核協議，直到它確信華盛頓的反制措施將結束
由TOI 工作人員和機構提供今天，下午 12:54
2020 年伊朗最高核談判代表副外長阿里·巴蓋里的視頻截圖。（YouTube）
伊朗週一表示，它將繼續其違反 2015 年核協議的行動，直到它得到保證，美國將以可核查的方式解除其嚴厲的製裁。
外交部發言人賽義德·哈蒂布扎德在每周向記者通報情況時表示，伊朗核談判的首席談判代表、副外長阿里·巴格里將於本週前往英國、德國和法國，在重啟談判以挽救解體的核問題之前舉行會議。協議。
據伊朗梅爾通訊社報導，哈蒂布扎德說：“他們必須徹底有效地解除壓迫性制裁。” “他們必須保證美國沒有任何政府嘲笑世界和國際法”，並再次單方面退出協議。
“伊朗將在即將到來的訪問中詳細解釋其對 JCPOA 談判的立場，”Khatibzadeh 在談到巴蓋里的歐洲之行時說。“伊朗不會停止其補償行動，除非它相信美國的製裁將以有效和可核查的方式解除，並提供必要和客觀的保證。”
在伊朗選出強硬派總統易卜拉欣·賴西 (Ebrahim Raisi) 時開始的談判中斷五個月之後，已定於 11 月 29 日在維也納重啟談判，以挽救所謂的“聯合全面行動計劃”協議。
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由於德黑蘭拒絕直接與美國談判代表打交道，因此由歐盟調解員斡旋的核談判旨在將華盛頓和德黑蘭重新納入被美國前總統唐納德特朗普放棄的 JCPOA。退出後，特朗普政府對伊朗實施嚴厲制裁，主要針對其石油出口。
該協議的其餘各方——英國、中國、法國和德國以及俄羅斯——也正在參加維也納會談。
2021 年 6 月 20 日星期日在奧地利維也納舉行閉門核會談的“維也納大酒店”前的電視攝像機。（美聯社 / Florian Schroetter）
美國總統喬拜登表示他準備重新加入該協議，根據該協議，伊朗同意嚴格限制其核活動，以換取全面製裁的救濟。
廣告
伊朗希望取消特朗普退出後美國實施的所有製裁。拜登政府表示，它只會就其前任就核計劃採取的措施進行談判，而不是就人權等其他問題採取措施。
華盛頓堅持認為德黑蘭必須恢復完全遵守其在 2015 年同意的對其核計劃的限制，並一再警告說，達成協議的機會之窗正在迅速關閉。
週五，伊朗表示，在不到一個月的時間裡，其濃縮鈾庫存幾乎翻了一番。與此同時，國際原子能機構（IAEA）負責人警告稱，其對伊朗的監督能力正在減弱。
60% 的濃縮是伊朗濃縮鈾的最高水平，是實現武器級 90% 的一個簡短的技術步驟。根據核協議，伊朗被禁止將鈾濃縮到 3.67% 以上。
9 月，國際原子能機構證實，伊朗已將其濃縮鈾庫存增加到協議允許的百分比以上。
Iran: Nuclear talks need to see US sanctions lifted, verified and guaranteed
Islamic state vows to keep up violations of nuclear deal until it is confident Washington’s countermeasures will end
By TOI STAFF and AGENCIESToday, 12:54 pm
Screen capture from video of Iran's top nuclear negotiator Deputy Foreign Minister Ali Bagheri, 2020. (YouTube)
Iran said Monday that it will continue its actions in breach of a 2015 nuclear deal until it is assured that the US will lift its crippling sanctions in a verifiable manner.
During his weekly briefing to reporters, Foreign Ministry Spokesman Saeed Khatibzadeh said Iran’s top negotiator in nuclear talks, Deputy Foreign Minister Ali Bagheri, will travel this week to Britain, Germany, and France for meetings ahead of the restarting of negotiations to save the unraveling nuclear pact.
“They must lift the oppressive sanctions completely and effectively,” Khatibzadeh said, according to a report from Iran’s Mehr news agency. “They must guarantee that no administration in the United States mocks the world and international law” and again unilaterally pulls out of the agreement.
“Iran will explain its position about the JCPOA talks in detail in the forthcoming trips,” Khatibzadeh said of Bagheri’s European tour. “Iran will not stop its compensatory actions until it is confident that US sanctions will be lifted in an effective and verifiable manner with the necessary and objective guarantees.”
A date has been set for November 29 for restarting talks in Vienna to save the so-called Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action deal after a five-month gap in negotiations that began when Iran elected hardline President Ebrahim Raisi.
The nuclear talks, which are being brokered by European Union mediators as Tehran refuses to deal with United States negotiators directly, are aimed at bringing Washington and Tehran back into the JCPOA, which was abandoned by former US president Donald Trump. After exiting, the Trump administration slapped Iran with stiff sanctions, primarily targeting its oil exports.
The remaining parties to the agreement — Britain, China, France and Germany as well as Russia — are also taking part in the Vienna talks.
TV cameras in front of the ‘Grand Hotel Vienna’ where closed-door nuclear talks take place in Vienna, Austria, Sunday, June 20, 2021. (AP/Florian Schroetter)
US President Joe Biden has said he is ready to rejoin the deal, under which Iran agreed to strict limits on its nuclear activities in exchange for relief from sweeping sanctions.
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Iran wants a lifting of all US sanctions imposed after Trump’s withdrawal. The Biden administration says it will only negotiate measures taken by its predecessor over the nuclear program, not steps imposed over other concerns such as human rights.
Washington insists Tehran must return to full compliance with the limits on its nuclear program it agreed to in 2015, and has warned repeatedly that the window of opportunity for a deal is closing fast.
On Friday, Iran said it had almost doubled its stock of enriched uranium in less than a month. Meanwhile, the head of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) warned that its oversight capabilities in Iran are being weakened.
Sixty percent enrichment is the highest level to which Iran has enriched uranium and is a short technical step to weapons-grade 90%. Under the nuclear agreement, Iran was barred from enriching uranium above 3.67%.
In September, the IAEA confirmed that Iran had boosted its stocks of uranium enriched above the percentage allowed in the deal.
伊朗支持的民兵對伊拉克總理髮動無人機襲擊-報告
安全官員和與民兵關係密切的消息人士引述說，用來瞄準穆斯塔法·卡迪米的武器是伊朗製造的
由TOI 工作人員和美聯社提供今天下午 4:39
這張由伊拉克總理媒體辦公室提供的照片顯示了 2021 年 11 月 7 日在伊拉克巴格達戒備森嚴的綠區，伊拉克總理穆斯塔法·卡迪米家中發生暗殺事件的後果（伊拉克總理媒體辦公室） , 通過 AP)
根據周一的一份報告，週日早些時候針對伊拉克總理穆斯塔法·卡迪米的無人機襲擊是由至少一個伊朗支持的民兵發動的。
路透社援引伊拉克安全官員和與民兵關係密切的消息來源報導稱，用於打擊卡迪米的無人機和武器是伊朗生產的。
Al-Kadhimi 被輕割傷，在他的住所遭到襲擊後不久出現在電視講話中，他穿著一件白襯衫，左手腕上似乎纏著繃帶。他的七名保安人員在襲擊中受傷，至少有兩架武裝無人機。
兩名伊拉克政界人士周一表示，在有關伊朗參與明顯暗殺企圖的指控中，一名伊朗高級將領訪問了巴格達，並表示德黑蘭及其盟友與無人機襲擊無關。
這兩位什葉派穆斯林政客要求匿名，因為埃斯梅爾·加尼的訪問沒有公開宣布。他們援引這位伊朗將軍的話說，德黑蘭不反對什葉派集團在新當選的議會中任命任何政治家擔任下一任總理。
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加尼是伊朗聖城旅的指揮官，主要負責國外的軍事和秘密行動。
伊拉克安全部隊於 2021 年 11 月 7 日在伊拉克巴格達暗殺總理穆斯塔法·卡迪米數小時後加強了安全措施，關閉了戒備森嚴的綠區。（美聯社照片/Hadi Mizban）
伊朗通過多年來一直支持的強大民兵在伊拉克享有廣泛影響。伊朗和伊拉克的什葉派人口占多數。
兩名伊拉克政客援引加尼的話說：“伊朗與這次襲擊無關。”
廣告
兩名官員之一說，加尼週日下午在巴格達會見了卡迪米。
由伊朗支持的真主黨組織運營的黎巴嫩 Al-Manar 電視台稱，加尼還會見了伊拉克總統巴勒姆·薩利赫和該國其他政治人物。
它援引加尼在訪問期間的話說，“伊拉克迫切需要平靜。” 它補充說，加尼還表示，應避免任何威脅伊拉克安全的行為。
在 10 月 10 日的選舉以及伊朗支持的民兵失去大約三分之二的席位後，無人機襲擊使本已緊張的局勢急劇升級。
儘管投票率很低，但結果證實了對民兵的不滿浪潮不斷上升，民兵多年前被稱讚為打擊伊斯蘭國激進分子的英雄。
伊拉克總理穆斯塔法·卡迪米於 2021 年 8 月 28 日在伊拉克首都巴格達總理辦公室與法國總統舉行的聯合新聞發布會上發表講話。 (Eliot BLONDET / POOL / AFP)
但自 2018 年以來，民兵在選舉中大獲全勝後就失去了人氣。許多伊拉克人認為他們對鎮壓 2019 年青年領導的反政府抗議活動和破壞國家權威負責。
廣告
一些分析人士表示，週日的襲擊旨在切斷那些在最近的選舉中失利的人可能導致第二個 al-Kadhimi 任期的道路。
週日，伊朗外交部發言人賽義德·哈蒂布扎德譴責對卡迪米的暗殺企圖，並間接指責美國。
現年 54 歲的卡迪米在去年 5 月成為總理之前曾是伊拉克的前情報局長。民兵認為他與美國關係密切，並試圖在伊拉克與美國和伊朗的聯盟之間取得平衡。
Iran-backed militia launched drone attack targeting Iraq’s PM — report
Security officials and sources close to militias quoted saying that weapon used to target Mustafa al-Kadhimi was Iranian-made
By TOI STAFF and APToday, 4:39 pm
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This photo provided by the Iraqi Prime Minister's Media Office shows the aftermath of an assassination attempt at the home of Iraq's Prime Minister Mustafa al-Kadhimi in the heavily fortified Green Zone in Baghdad, Iraq, Nov. 7, 2021 (Iraqi Prime Minister Media Office, via AP)
The drone attack early Sunday that targeted Iraqi Prime Minister Mustafa al-Kadhimi was launched by at least one Iran-backed militia, according to a report Monday.
Citing Iraqi security officials and sources close to the militias, the Reuters news agency reported that the drones and weapons used to target al-Kadhimi were produced in Iran.
Al-Kadhimi suffered a light cut and appeared in a televised speech soon after the attack on his residence, wearing a white shirt and what appeared to be a bandage around his left wrist. Seven of his security guards were wounded in the attack by at least two armed drones.
Amid the allegations of Iranian involvement in the apparent assassination attempt, a top Iranian general visited Baghdad and said Tehran and its allies had nothing to do with the drone attack, two Iraqi politicians said Monday.
The two Shiite Muslim politicians requested anonymity because Esmail Ghaani’s visit was not announced publicly. They quoted the Iranian general as saying that Tehran was not opposed to any politician named by the Shiite blocs in the newly elected parliament to become the next prime minister.
Ghaani is the commander of Iran’s Quds Force, which is mainly responsible for military and clandestine operations outside the country.
Iraqi Security forces close the heavily fortified Green Zone as they tightened security measures hours after an assassination attempt on Prime Minister Mustafa al-Kadhimi, in Baghdad, Iraq, November 7, 2021. (AP Photo/Hadi Mizban)
Iran enjoys wide influence in Iraq through powerful militias it has been backing for years. Iran and Iraq both have majority Shiite populations.
The two Iraqi politicians quoted Ghaani as saying: “Iran has nothing to do with this attack.”
One of the two officials said Ghaani met with al-Kadhimi on Sunday afternoon in Baghdad.
Lebanon’s Al-Manar TV, which is run by the Iran-backed Hezbollah group, said Ghaani also met with Iraqi President Barham Salih and other political figures in the country.
It quoted Ghaani as saying during his visit that “Iraq is in urgent need for calm.” It added that Ghaani also said that any act that threatens Iraq’s security should be avoided.
The drone attack was a dramatic escalation in the already tense situation following the October 10 election and the surprising results in which Iran-backed militias lost about two-thirds of their seats.
Despite a low turnout, the results confirmed a rising wave of discontent against the militias that had been praised years before as heroes for fighting Islamic State militants.
Iraqi Prime Minister Mustafa al-Kadhimi speaks during a joint press conference with the French President at the Prime Minister’s office in the Iraqi capital Baghdad, August 28, 2021. (Eliot BLONDET / POOL / AFP)
But the militias have lost popularity since 2018, when they made big election gains. Many Iraqis hold them responsible for suppressing the 2019 youth-led anti-government protests, and for undermining state authority.
Some analysts have said that Sunday’s attack aimed to cut off the path that could lead to a second al-Kadhimi term by those who lost in the recent elections.
On Sunday, Iran’s Foreign Ministry spokesman Saeed Khatibzadeh condemned the assassination attempt on al-Kadhimi and indirectly blamed the US.
Al-Kadhimi, 54, was Iraq’s former intelligence chief before becoming prime minister in May last year. He is considered by the militias to be close to the US, and has tried to balance between Iraq’s alliances with both the US and Iran.
埃塞俄比亞總理稱要抱怨空運到以色列的4名戰犯
以色列電視台報導稱，阿比·艾哈邁德 (Abiy Ahmed) 稱軍官參與了叛軍大屠殺；據報導，貝內特召集會議制定政策，據報導暫停了另外 800 人的空運
通過TOI人員今天，晚上 11:05
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埃塞俄比亞總理阿比·艾哈邁德於 2021 年 6 月 16 日在埃塞俄比亞西南部奧羅米亞地區吉馬鎮的一個體育場舉行的最後一次競選集會上發表講話。（美聯社照片/Mulugeta Ayene，文件）
埃塞俄比亞總理阿比·艾哈邁德（Abiy Ahmed）在與總理納夫塔利·貝內特（Naftali Bennett）的電話中憤怒地抱怨說，最近幾個月在非洲國家日益激烈的戰爭期間被帶到以色列的埃塞俄比亞人包括參與戰爭罪行的軍官，週一的一份報告說。
第 13 頻道的新聞援引一名參與此事的安全消息人士的話稱，在過去一年被帶到以色列的 2,000 多人中，至少有四名官員涉嫌參與提格雷地區的叛軍大屠殺。
由於提格雷叛亂分子的叛亂愈演愈烈並逼近首都亞的斯亞貝巴，最近幾週以色列面臨的壓力越來越大，要求將數千名埃塞俄比亞猶太社區成員帶到以色列。“我們必須繼續迅速將他們帶到以色列，”艾薩克·赫爾佐格總統上週表示。
該網絡補充說，在周一早上內政部長阿耶萊特·沙克德和移民吸收部長 Pnina Tamano-Shata 舉行了“艱難”的會議之後，所報告的競選問題已導致另外 800 人的空運被暫停。
《國土報》日報說，她自己是埃塞俄比亞血統的玉野沙塔，週一威脅說，如果沒有更多的人被空運，她將辭職。
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該報告補充說，貝內特將在未來幾天召開會議，以製定有關此事的政策。沙克德、玉野沙太和國防部長本尼·甘茨將出席會議。
第 13 頻道的報導稱，由於他們的猶太人身份，那些計劃被帶到以色列的人不會立即面臨具體的危險。
在希伯來媒體週日晚間報導稱，參與秘密行動的數十名埃塞俄比亞人可能歪曲了他們的猶太血統並誇大了對他們構成的危險之後，他們是否都是猶太人也可能存在疑問。移民和人口管理局的一項調查對過去幾個月被帶到以色列的 61 名埃塞俄比亞人中的絕大多數人提出了“嚴重懷疑”。
廣告
據第 12 頻道新聞報導，參與這項工作的社區成員否認了這些指控，該頻道還發布了國家安全委員會的評估報告，稱不急於進行空運工作。
說明。埃塞俄比亞移民於 2020 年 12 月 3 日抵達本古里安機場。 (AP/Sebastian Scheiner)
自一年前爆發戰鬥以來，超過 2,000 名埃塞俄比亞猶太人通過國營行動被帶到以色列，其中包括 61 人，他們需要部長批准他們的移民，因為他們不屬於猶太社區，聲稱只有猶太人的根源。
據《國土報》報導，儘管將他們帶到以色列的計劃是在前總理本雅明·內塔尼亞胡 (Benjamin Netanyahu) 任期內製定的，但簽署了該計劃的是他的繼任者納夫塔利·貝內特 (Naftali Bennett) 的內閣。
據認為，仍有 7,000 至 12,000 名埃塞俄比亞社區成員等待來到以色列，其中許多人居住在衝突中心的提格雷地區。其他人多年前離開村莊，在貢德爾市和亞的斯亞貝巴的猶太社區中心附近勉強維持生計。許多人等了幾十年才移民。
雖然來自 Beta Israel 社區的埃塞俄比亞猶太移民被認為是完全猶太人，但屬於較小的 Falash Mura 社區的埃塞俄比亞移民在移民後必須接受東正教轉換。法拉什穆拉人是埃塞俄比亞猶太人，他們的祖先在幾代以前常常在脅迫下皈依基督教。據總理辦公室稱，自 1997 年以來，其中約有 30,000 人移民到以色列。
由於內政部不認為法拉什穆拉是猶太人，根據回歸法他們不能移民，因此必須獲得政府的特別許可才能移居以色列。
Ethiopian PM said to complain 4 war criminals among those airlifted to Israel
Israeli TV reports that Abiy Ahmed said military officers took part in a rebel massacre; airlifting of 800 others reportedly suspended, as Bennett calls meeting to set policy
By TOI STAFFToday, 11:05 pm
Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed speaks at a final campaign rally at a stadium in the town of Jimma in the southwestern Oromia Region of Ethiopia, on June 16, 2021. (AP Photo/ Mulugeta Ayene, File)
Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed angrily complained in a phone call with Prime Minister Naftali Bennett that Ethiopians brought to Israel in recent months during an intensifying war in the African country have included officers involved in war crimes, a report said Monday.
Channel 13 news cited a security source involved in the matter saying at least four officers — among the over 2,000 people brought to Israel over the past year — are suspected of taking part in rebel massacres in the Tigray region.
Pressure has been ramped up on Israel in recent weeks to bring thousands of members of Ethiopia’s Jewish community to Israel, as an insurgency by Tigray rebels intensified and neared the capital Addis Ababa. “We must continue to bring them over to Israel quickly,” President Isaac Herzog said last week.
The reported problems with the campaign have caused the airlift of 800 more people to be suspended, the network added, following a “difficult” meeting Monday morning between Interior Minister Ayelet Shaked and Immigrant Absorption Minister Pnina Tamano-Shata.
The Haaretz daily said Tamano-Shata, who herself is of Ethiopian descent, threatened Monday to quit her post if no more people are airlifted.
That report added that Bennett will convene a meeting in the coming days to establish policy on the matter. The meeting will be attended by Shaked, Tamano-Shata, and Defense Minister Benny Gantz.
The Channel 13 report said that those slated to be brought to Israel are in no immediate, concrete danger due to their Jewishness.
There may also be doubt as to whether they are all Jews, after Hebrew media reports said Sunday evening that dozens of Ethiopians participating in the secret operation may have misrepresented their Jewish ancestry and exaggerated the danger posed to them. An investigation by the Immigration and Population Authority raised “serious doubts” regarding the vast majority of a group of 61 Ethiopians brought to Israel over the last several months.
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Members of the community involved in the effort denied the accusations, according to Channel 12 news, which also published an assessment from the National Security Council claiming that there was no urgency to airlift efforts.
Illustrative. Ethiopian immigrants arrive at the Ben Gurion airport December 3, 2020. (AP/Sebastian Scheiner)
Since fighting broke out a year ago, over 2,000 Ethiopian Jews have been brought to Israel in state-run operations, among them the group of 61, who needed ministers to sign off on their immigration because they are not part of the Jewish community, claiming only Jewish roots.
Though the plan to spirit them to Israel was put together during the tenure of former prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu, it was the cabinet of his successor Naftali Bennett that signed off on it, Haaretz reported.
There are thought to be 7,000 to 12,000 Ethiopian community members still waiting to come to Israel, many of whom live in the Tigray region, at the heart of the conflict. Others, who left their villages years ago, eke out livings near the Jewish community centers in Gondar City and Addis Ababa. Many have been waiting for decades to immigrate.
While Ethiopian Jewish immigrants from the Beta Israel community are recognized as fully Jewish, immigrants from Ethiopia belonging to the smaller Falash Mura community are required to undergo Orthodox conversion after immigrating. The Falash Mura are Ethiopian Jews whose ancestors converted to Christianity, often under duress, generations ago. Some 30,000 of them have immigrated to Israel since 1997, according to the Prime Minister’s Office.
Because the Interior Ministry does not consider the Falash Mura to be Jewish, they cannot immigrate under the Law of Return, and therefore must get special permission from the government to move to Israel.
以色列從埃塞俄比亞撤離外交官家屬，加強旅行警告
在軍隊與提格雷叛亂分子之間激化的戰鬥中，非洲國家宣布進入緊急狀態後，外交部提高了諮詢的嚴重性
通過TOI人員2021 年 11 月 7 日，上午 12:04
2021 年 5 月 7 日，一名忠於提格雷人民解放陣線 (TPLF) 的戰士在埃塞俄比亞北部提格雷地區的 Hawzen 鎮郊區執勤。（美聯社照片/Ben Curtis，文件）
在埃塞俄比亞內戰不斷升級的情況下，以色列外交部周六宣布將開始疏散其駐非洲國家外交官的家屬。
以色列外交官自己將繼續在亞的斯亞貝巴大使館工作，外交部發言人 Lior Haiat 說。
在周三發布了避免非必要旅行的建議之後，該部周六還宣布了對埃塞俄比亞的最新旅行警告，此前該國宣布緊急狀態。
跳過廣告
埃塞俄比亞於週二宣布全國進入緊急狀態，內戰已開始一年，並命令亞的斯亞貝巴居民準備保衛他們的社區，因為擔心提格雷叛軍正前往首都。
以色列週六的諮詢建議計劃訪問埃塞俄比亞的公民取消他們的旅行，已經在那裡的人立即離開。週三，該諮詢僅敦促以色列人不要前往衝突地區，並在首都周圍保持警惕。
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這些建議是在埃塞俄比亞政府與叛亂分子之間的戰斗在一年的戰爭之後愈演愈烈之際發出的，這場戰爭已造成數千人死亡，數百萬人流離失所。
2021 年 5 月 1 日，在提格雷西部 Humera 以南的路邊看到一輛被毀壞的坦克，然後被埃塞俄比亞的阿姆哈拉地區吞併。（美聯社照片/本柯蒂斯，文件）
提格雷部隊最近幾天佔領了主要城市，並與另一個武裝團體聯繫起來，導致非洲第二人口大國政府宣布全國進入緊急狀態，並擁有廣泛的拘留權。
週三，艾薩克·赫爾佐格總統敦促迅速撤離任何等待從埃塞俄比亞移民到以色列的埃塞俄比亞猶太人。
廣告
“對過去的渴望在很大程度上是這個聖日的基礎，但重要的是我們一刻也不能忽視我們對未來的渴望，”赫爾佐格在耶路撒冷舉行的埃塞俄比亞猶太節日 Sigd 儀式上說。“成千上萬的人仍在等待向以色列發出 aliyah，其中一些人受到威脅並處於令人擔憂的境地。我們必須繼續採取行動，迅速將他們帶到以色列。”
據認為，有 7,000 至 12,000 名埃塞俄比亞人等待搬到以色列，其中許多人居住在衝突的中心提格雷地區。其他人多年前離開村莊，在主要猶太社區所在的貢德爾和亞的斯亞貝巴附近勉強維持生計。
美聯社為本報告做出了貢獻。
Israel to evacuate families of diplomats from Ethiopia, steps up travel warning
Foreign Ministry raises severity of advisory after African country declares state of emergency amid intensifying fighting between army and Tigray insurgents
By TOI STAFF7 November 2021, 12:04 am
A fighter loyal to the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) mans a guard post on the outskirts of the town of Hawzen in the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia, on May 7, 2021. (AP Photo/Ben Curtis, File)
Amid an escalating civil war in Ethiopia, Israel’s Foreign Ministry on Saturday announced it would begin evacuating the families of its diplomats stationed in the African country.
The Israeli diplomats themselves will continue to work at the Addis Ababa embassy, ministry spokesman Lior Haiat said.
The ministry on Saturday also announced an updated travel warning for Ethiopia, after an advisory to avoid non-essential trips was issued on Wednesday, which followed a state of emergency announcement from the African country.
Ethiopia declared a nationwide state of emergency on Tuesday, a year into the civil war, and ordered residents of Addis Ababa to prepare to defend their neighborhoods amid fears that Tigrayan rebels were heading for the capital.
Israel’s Saturday advisory recommended citizens planning to visit Ethiopia to cancel their trip, and for those already there to leave immediately. On Wednesday, the advisory had only urged Israelis to refrain from going to conflict zones, and remain vigilant around the capital.
The advisories came as the fighting between the Ethiopian government and rebels intensified following a year of war that has killed thousands and displaced millions.
A destroyed tank is seen by the side of the road south of Humera in western Tigray, then annexed by the Amhara region, in Ethiopia, on May 1, 2021. (AP Photo/Ben Curtis, File)
Tigray forces seized key cities in recent days and linked up with another armed group, leading the government of Africa’s second-most populous country to declare a national state of emergency with sweeping detention powers.
On Wednesday, President Isaac Herzog urged the swift extraction of any remaining Ethiopian Jews waiting to immigrate to Israel from Ethiopia.
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“The longings of the past are in large part the foundation of this holy day, but it is important that we not neglect for a moment our longings for the future,” Herzog said at a ceremony in Jerusalem marking the Ethiopian Jewish holiday of Sigd. “Thousands are still waiting to make aliyah to Israel, and some of them are threatened and in a worrying situation. We must continue to act bring them over to Israel quickly.”
There are thought to be 7,000 to 12,000 Ethiopians waiting to move to Israel, many of whom live in the Tigray region, the heart of the conflict. Others, who left their villages years ago, eke out livings near Gondar and Addis Ababa, where the main Jewish communities are located.
AP contributed to this report.
工黨領袖警告該黨將反對部長在約旦河谷建設的計劃
警察部長說定居者對巴勒斯坦人的挑釁和襲擊以令人擔憂的速度上升，士兵的不作為是不可接受的
通過TOI人員今天，下午 5:53
週一，工黨領袖交通部長梅拉夫米凱利加入了左翼政黨梅雷茨的 MKs，警告她的派係將反對住房部長澤夫埃爾金在約旦河谷建造新定居點的計劃。
在工黨每週舉行的以色列議會派系會議上，米凱利說：“我們將反對任何阻礙未來達成外交[和平]協議的倡議。”
與此同時，負責監督警察的公安部長奧馬爾·巴列夫表示，定居者的暴力和挑釁最近達到了令人擔憂的新水平，此前有幾起案件被記錄在案，其中士兵袖手旁觀，沒有採取行動阻止他們。
“我們所看到的景象，定居青年做事而軍隊站在周圍無所事事——這樣的景像在一個民主國家是不能容忍的，”同樣來自工黨的巴列夫說。
新右翼黨的住房部長埃爾金打算尋求政府批准一項計劃，以增加以色列在戰略山谷的存在，該山谷是約旦河西岸沿線與約旦邊界的一部分。他希望到 2026 年將約旦河谷的房屋數量增加一倍，並讓 3,000 個家庭居住在該地區。 Elkin 在 10 月份表示，他的部門計劃投資 2.24 億新謝克爾（7,000 萬美元）在約旦河谷的 21 個定居點建造 1,500 套新房屋。該地區。這些房屋尚未得到有關當局的批准。
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週日，第 13 頻道報導稱，兩名梅雷茨議員警告埃爾金，他的計劃將破壞脆弱的政府聯盟。
MKs Mossi Raz 和 Gaby Lasky 寫信給埃爾金說：“我們不能再保持沉默……這個政府的力量是推進我們都同意的問題。這個決定遠非如此。” 他們呼籲埃爾金“立即停止該計劃”，而不是將其提交政府批准。
納夫塔利·貝內特總理領導著一個由左翼、中間派和右翼政黨組成的多元化聯盟，在一些關鍵問題上存在深刻的意識形態分歧，包括以色列在約旦河西岸的定居點。各方同意就各方能達成一致的事項開展工作，盡可能將左右的意識形態問題擱置一旁。
廣告
住房部長 Ze'ev Elkin 於 2021 年 10 月 31 日在耶路撒冷財政部舉行的新聞發布會上發表講話，介紹住房方面的新改革。 (Yonatan Sindel/Flash90)
同樣在周一的派系會議上，米凱利表示，工黨將尋求推進開放西牆平等主義廣場的計劃，該廣場被前總理本傑明內塔尼亞胡凍結。
“我們正在努力，同時保持聯盟的穩定，”她說。
上週，該聯盟在關鍵的最後期限之前通過了預算，從而獲得了一定程度的穩定性。然而，在擁有 120 個席位的以色列議會中只有 61 個席位，它的多數席位甚至可以被一個 MK 推翻。
Labor leader warns party will oppose minister’s plan to build in Jordan Valley
Police minister says settler provocations and attacks on Palestinians rising at a worrying rate, soldiers’ inaction unacceptable
By TOI STAFFToday, 5:53 pm
Transportation Minister Merav Michaeli leads a Labor party faction meeting at the Knesset on October 4, 2021. (Olivier Fitoussi/Flash90)
Labor party leader Transportation Minister Merav Michaeli joined MKs from fellow left-wing party Meretz on Monday in warning her faction would oppose Housing Minister Ze’ev Elkin’s plan to build new settlement homes in the Jordan Valley.
During Labor’s weekly faction meeting in the Knesset, Michaeli said: “We will oppose any initiative that will prevent a diplomatic [peace] agreement in the future.”
Meanwhile, Public Security Minister Omer Barlev, who oversees the police, said settler violence and provocations had recently reached worrying new levels, after several cases were documented in which soldiers stood by and did not act to stop them.
“The sights we’ve seen, of settler youth doing things and troops standing around doing nothing — such sights cannot be tolerated in a democratic country,” said Barlev, also of Labor.
Housing Minister Elkin, of the New Right party, intends to seek government approval for a plan to increase Israel’s presence in the strategic valley, the part of the West Bank that runs along the border with Jordan. He hopes to double the number of homes in the Jordan Valley and to have 3,000 families living in the area by 2026. Elkin said in October that his ministry plans to invest NIS 224 million ($70 million) to build 1,500 new homes in 21 settlements in the area. Those homes have yet to be approved by the relevant authorities.
On Sunday Channel 13 reported that two Meretz lawmakers have warned Elkin that his plan will rupture the fragile government coalition.
MKs Mossi Raz and Gaby Lasky wrote to Elkin that “we can no longer remain silent… The strength of this government is the advancement of issues we can all agree on. This decision is far from that.” They called on Elkin to “immediately stop the plan” and not put it up for government approval.
Prime Minister Naftali Bennett leads a diverse coalition of left-wing, centrist and right-wing parties with deep ideological differences on some key issues, including Israel’s settlements in the West Bank. The parties agreed to work on matters all parties can agree on, and leave ideological matters of left and right aside as much as possible.
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Housing Minister Ze’ev Elkin speaks during a press conference, presenting new reform on housing, at the Finance Ministry, Jerusalem, October 31, 2021. (Yonatan Sindel/Flash90)
Also at Monday’s faction meeting, Michaeli said Labor would seek to advance plans to open a Western Wall egalitarian plaza frozen by former prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu.
“We’re on it, while maintaining coalition stability,” she said.
The coalition gained a measure of stability last week when it passed the budget ahead of a crucial deadline. However, with just 61 seats in the 120-seat Knesset, it has only the slimmest of majorities that can be upended by even a single MK.
謝克爾兌美元創 25 年新高
隨著大流行繼續使全球供應鏈緊張，以色列貨幣的強勢危及當地製造商
通過TOI人員今天，晚上 11:17
以色列謝克爾，耶路撒冷。（奧雷爾·科恩/ FLASH90）
謝克爾兌美元匯率週一創下 25 年新高，1 美元匯率短暫收於 3.08 新謝克爾，隨後收盤於 3.11 新謝克爾附近。
謝克爾兌美元和歐元等主要貨幣一直在走強，這在很大程度上要歸功於高水平的外國直接投資和科技行業的走強。
雖然貨幣走強允許進口更便宜，但它也會使出口商的商品對外國客戶來說更貴，從而損害出口商。
跳過廣告
新的歷史高點出現在之前的歷史高點短暫達到後幾天，然後回落。
幾年來，謝克爾兌美元匯率在 3.6 左右，但最近在 3.2 – 3.3 範圍內。
環球商業日報報導稱，以色列銀行週二通過購買外幣進行干預，以減緩謝克爾的升值。該銀行拒絕置評。
該貨幣走強的原因包括以色列強勁的經濟、對以色列公司的外國投資將資本轉移到該國、以色列銀行的貨幣政策以及強勁的全球股票市場，這可能導致以色列金融機構隨著風險敞口的增加而拋售外幣。
堅挺的謝克爾有利於以色列人在國外採購或兌換貨幣，但損害了以外幣支付並以謝克爾支付費用的出口商，引發了對生產線關閉和裁員的擔憂。大流行還對全球供應鏈造成了嚴重破壞，推高了運輸成本和其他費用。
廣告
謝克爾的攀升也可能損害一些公司與外國公司的競爭優勢。製造商協會上週召開了緊急會議，討論出口商的情況。
以美元獲得收入的科技公司也可能受到匯率的損害。
以色列央行上個月表示，計劃減少債券購買並收緊貨幣政策。該銀行定於 11 月 22 日開會討論政策。
今年 1 月，該銀行表示計劃購買 300 億美元的外幣以阻止謝克爾在 2021 年的升值，後來又表示不限於這個數額。
盧克·特雷斯為本報告做出了貢獻。
Shekel hits yet another 25-year high against the dollar
Israeli currency’s strength imperils local manufacturers, as pandemic continues to strain global supply chains
By TOI STAFFToday, 11:17 pm
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Israeli shekels, Jerusalem. (Orel Cohen/ FLASH90)
The shekel-to-dollar exchange rate hit a new 25-year-high on Monday, with $1 briefly fetching NIS 3.08 before closing for the day around NIS 3.11.
The shekel has been gaining in strength against major currencies like the dollar and euro, thanks in large part to high levels of foreign direct investment and the strength of the tech sector.
While a stronger currency allows for cheaper imports, it can also hurt exporters by making their goods more expensive for foreign customers.
3
The new record high came just days after the previous record high was briefly reached, before receding.
The shekel traded at around 3.6 to the dollar for several years, but more recently was in the 3.2 – 3.3 range.
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The Globes business daily reported that the Bank of Israel intervened on Tuesday with a purchase of foreign currency to slow the shekel’s rise. The bank declined to comment.
The currency’s strength is due to factors including Israel’s strong economy, foreign investments in Israeli companies moving capital into the country, Bank of Israel monetary policies, and strong global equities markets, which can cause Israeli financial institutions to sell foreign currency as their exposure rises.
The strong shekel is beneficial for Israelis making purchases abroad or exchanging currency, but harms exporters, who are paid in foreign currencies, and pay expenses in shekels, sparking fears of production line closures and layoffs. The pandemic has also wreaked havoc on global supply chains, driving up shipping costs and other expenses.
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The shekel’s climb could also hurt some companies’ competitive edge with foreign firms. The Manufacturers Association called an emergency meeting last week to discuss the situation for exporters.
Tech firms that receive revenue in dollars could also be harmed by the exchange rate.
The Bank of Israel said last month that it plans to reduce its bond purchasing and tighten monetary policy. The bank is scheduled to meet on November 22 to discuss policy.
In January, the bank said it planned to buy $30 billion in foreign currency to stem the shekel’s rise in 2021, and later said it was not limited to that amount.
Luke Tress contributed to this report.
聯合國摩洛哥決議是阿爾及利亞的一記耳光-分析
聯合國第 2602 號決議似乎傾向於在蓋爾蓋拉特衝突中與摩洛哥站在一起。
通過SAMIR本尼斯
發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 8 日 21:05
摩洛哥外交部長納賽爾·布里塔 (Nasser Bourita) 於 2019 年在日內瓦聯合國舉行的西撒哈拉圓桌會議後發表講話。
（照片來源：丹尼斯·巴里博斯/路透社）
廣告
要理解聯合國關於撒哈拉衝突的新決議的政治意義，應根據通過該決議的地區背景進行分析：摩洛哥和阿爾及利亞之間前所未有的緊張局勢。
至少四十年來，戰略政治分歧和媒體衝突長期以來一直影響著這兩個馬格里布鄰國之間的關係。然而，近幾個月來，敵意已達到決定性和更令人擔憂的轉變，最終導致阿爾及利亞與摩洛哥斷絕所有關係——外交、商業等。
阿爾及利亞不滿足於這種突然的外交破裂、一連串未經證實的指控、人身攻擊和對永恆的“摩洛哥敵人”的惡毒言論，最近甚至向聯合國發表了同樣令人髮指的聲明。
事實上，就在聯合國安理會通過第 2602 號決議僅僅一天后，已經憤怒的阿爾及爾警告安理會不要在該組織自 2007 年以來採用的參數範圍內繼續聯合國的西撒哈拉政治進程。
已經不是什麼秘密了
一名示威者揮舞著阿爾及利亞國旗（圖片來源：REUTERS/CHRISTIAN HARTMANN）
2020 年 11 月 13 日，摩洛哥安全部隊驅逐了一群封鎖摩洛哥南部和摩洛哥北部之間道路的波利薩里奧民兵，以及美國承認摩洛哥主權，大大改變了有利於摩洛哥的地區力量平衡。
過去12個月，波利薩里奧和阿爾及利亞不知疲倦地煽動西撒哈拉地區衝突，迫使聯合國安理會進行干預。他們發布了大量新聞稿，聲稱一場“激烈的戰爭”，並暗示如果聯合國未能兌現其允許撒哈拉人通過全民公決行使自決權的承諾，局勢可能會惡化。
阿爾及利亞和波利薩里奧陣線的所有這些手勢和攻擊性言論旨在實現三個目標：
首先，他們想說服安理會討論 11 月 13 日的事件，讓摩洛哥回到 11 月 13 日之前的現狀。換言之，阿爾及利亞決心不惜一切代價搶先或公開反對安理會默許摩洛哥對蓋爾蓋拉特的主權。
他們的第二個目標是讓安全理事會重新考慮其關於撒哈拉衝突現實政治和基於妥協的解決方案的優勢或中心地位的立場。他們希望安全理事會重新修訂聯合國西撒哈拉全民投票特派團（西撒特派團）的任務授權，例如恢復全民投票選項，並且不提及阿爾及利亞是衝突的一個組成部分。
第三，他們希望將西撒特派團的任務期限從 2017 年到 2018 年縮短到 6 個月，而不是一年。做出讓步，使他們能夠彌補最近幾個月遭受的外交挫折。
換句話說，在摩洛哥多次獲得外交勝利的背景下，阿爾及爾希望拉巴特處於守勢。
然而，令阿爾及利亞非常不滿的是，安全理事會似乎並沒有被阿爾及利亞的抗議和爆發所感動。事實上，聯合國安理會關於撒哈拉衝突的最新決議中根本沒有提到蓋爾蓋拉特，這一事實為摩洛哥最近的外交突破增添了光彩。
一方面，新決議的基調表明，安全理事會已就蓋爾蓋拉特問題達成了解決方案，該地區以前是緩衝區的一部分，現在實際上處於摩洛哥的控制之下。
說白了，2602決議對阿爾及利亞來說是一個新的耳光。因為，除了解決蓋爾蓋拉特問題之外，該決議還非常清楚地表明，政治現實主義和妥協——奇怪的是自備受讚譽的 2007 年自治計劃以來摩洛哥的立場——是解決領土爭端的唯一途徑。
此外，正如其先前決議所述，安全理事會維持 2018 年 12 月建立的基於圓桌會議的談判框架，並將阿爾及利亞視為衝突的正式參與者，而不僅僅是觀察員。這是重要的政治步驟，因為聯合國安理會明確表示阿爾及利亞應參加與摩洛哥、毛里塔尼亞和波利薩里奧的日內瓦會談。
摩洛哥的穩固地位還體現在成立兩年多的聯合國安理會的基調上。北非王國一再敦促聯合國承認阿爾及利亞在撒哈拉衝突中的主導作用，以及它在尋找維護地區穩定的政治解決方案方面的責任。
新決議的另一個重要組成部分是呼籲衝突各方將務實主義和政治現實主義視為擺脫長達數十年的外交停滯的最可行且唯一的出路。因此，第 2602 號決議代表了過去 15 年來聯合國在撒哈拉問題上的外交範式轉變的延續：承認對自決公投是不可能的，甚至是妄想。
更具體地說，自 2018 年 4 月通過第 2414 號決議以來，聯合國安理會一直強調，只有通過妥協和基於現實主義的政治談判，才能結束撒哈拉衝突。“妥協”一詞在該決議中被提及三次，在第 2440 號決議中被提及四次，在第 2468、2494、2548 和 2602 號決議中被提及五次。
為了衡量聯合國在撒哈拉問題上的基調的政治意義，必須將當前的決議與之前的決議進行比較，特別是2007年4月至2017年4月期間通過的決議。第1754和1783號決議除外，它們沒有使用“妥協，”其他每一項決議都強調各方需要以妥協精神為指導。
“現實主義”一詞也是如此。“現實主義”一詞在 2007 年 4 月通過的第 1754 和 1783 號決議中沒有出現，而在 2008 年 4 月至 2018 年 10 月通過的每項決議中都只提到一次。
2440 號決議的通過兩次強調現實主義的必要性，啟動了從自決到基於妥協和現實的政治解決方案的戲劇性轉變。自第 2464 號決議（包括第 2602 號決議）通過以來，聯合國每一項關於撒哈拉衝突的決議都曾三度引用“現實主義”原則。
考慮到每個詞——動詞、副詞或形容詞——在安理會或其他聯合國機構的決議中的重要性，以及成員國代表團有時會花一整天的時間進行辯論，這對於任何對撒哈拉衝突的誠實分析來說都是一個特別重要的方面選擇這個或那個詞。
通過強調“基於妥協”的談判以找到撒哈拉衝突的“實際”政治解決方案的必要性，聯合國安理會再次拒絕了阿爾及利亞和波利薩里奧關於組織自決公投的請求。
2007年以來通過的所有決議都表明，解決該問題不應產生勝利者和失敗者。它應該建立在妥協和政治現實主義的基礎上，並以結束成千上萬撒哈拉家庭的悲劇和避免更多地區不穩定的真正意願為驅動。
然而，作為波利薩里奧陣線 40 多年來的主要財政、戰略和後勤支持提供者，阿爾及利亞認為，除了在摩洛哥南部建立獨立國家之外的任何解決方案都是不可接受的失敗。
作者是華盛頓的政治分析家。他是摩洛哥外交政策以及中東和北非政治方面的專家。他是兩本關於摩洛哥和西班牙關係的書的作者，用法語出版。他正在準備一本關於撒哈拉沙漠的英文書，將於明年春天出版。他是摩洛哥世界新聞的聯合創始人。
UN Morocco resolution is a slap in the face for Algeria - analysis
The UN's resolution 2602 seemingly leans towards siding with Morocco in the Guerguerat conflict.
By SAMIR BENNIS
Published: NOVEMBER 8, 2021 21:05
MOROCCAN FOREIGN MINISTER Nasser Bourita speaks after a roundtable on Western Sahara at the UN in Geneva in 2019.
(photo credit: DENIS BALIBOUSE/REUTERS)
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To understand the political significance of the new UN resolution on the Sahara conflict, it should be analyzed in light of the regional context in which it was adopted: unprecedented tension between Morocco and Algeria.
Strategic-political differences and media conflict have long stamped relations between these two Maghreb neighbors for at least four decades. However, hostility has reached a decisive and more worrisome turn in recent months, culminating in Algeria’s severance of all relations – diplomatic, commercial, etc. – with Morocco.
Not content with this sudden diplomatic rupture, the barrage of unproven accusations, ad hominem attacks and virulent statements it has thrown at the eternal “Moroccan enemy,” Algeria recently went as far as to issue an equally outrageous statement to the UN.
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Indeed, barely a day after the adoption of Resolution 2602 by the UN Security Council, Algiers, already fuming, warned the council against any continuation of the UN’s Western Sahara political process within the parameters the organization has adopted since 2007.
It is no secret that the events in
A demonstrator waves an Algerian flag (credit: REUTERS/CHRISTIAN HARTMANN)
on November 13, 2020, when Moroccan security forces dislodged a group of Polisario militiamen who had blocked the road between southern Morocco and northern Morocco, as well as the American acknowledgment of Moroccan sovereignty, have considerably shifted the regional power balance in Morocco’s favor.
For the past 12 months, Polisario and Algeria have worked tirelessly to incite a regional conflict in Western Sahara and compel the UN Security Council to intervene. They have issued a slew of press releases alleging a “raging war” and implying that the situation could worsen if the UN fails to meet its pledge to allow Sahrawis to exercise their right to self-determination through a referendum.
All of these gesticulations and aggressive speech from Algeria and the Polisario Front aimed to achieve three goals:
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First, they wanted to persuade the Security Council to discuss the November 13 events and have Morocco return to the pre-November 13 status quo. In other words, Algeria was determined to preempt or openly oppose the Security Council’s tacit approval of Moroccan sovereignty over Guerguerat at any cost.
Their second objective was to get the Security Council to reconsider its position on the preponderance or the centrality of a realistic political, and compromise-based solution to the Sahara conflict. They wanted the Security Council to reintroduce a revision of the mandate of the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO), such as having the referendum option reinstated and not mentioning Algeria as an integral party to the conflict.
Third, instead of a one-year mandate, they aspired to reduce the duration of MINURSO’s mandate to six months, as it was between 2017 and 2018. For Algeria and the Polisario Front, such a change would increase pressure on Morocco and compel it to make concessions that would allow them to make up for the diplomatic setbacks they have suffered in recent months.
In other words, in a context that has been marked by repeated diplomatic victories for Morocco, Algiers wishes to put Rabat on the defensive.
However, much to the displeasure of Algeria, the Security Council does not appear to have been moved by Algeria’s protestations and outbursts. Indeed, the fact that Guerguerat is not mentioned at all in the latest UNSC resolution on the Sahara conflict adds to Morocco’s recent diplomatic breakthroughs.
For one thing, the tone of the new resolution suggests that the Security Council is settled on the Guerguerat matter, and that this area, which was previously part of the buffer zones, is now effectively under Morocco’s control.
To put it bluntly, Resolution 2602 is a new slap in the face for Algeria. Because, in addition to settling the Guerguerat issue, the resolution makes it abundantly clear that political realism and compromise – curiously the Moroccan position since the much-applauded 2007 Autonomy Plan – is the only way to settle the territorial dispute.
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Furthermore, the Security Council, as mentioned in its previous resolutions, maintains the round tables-based negotiation framework established in December 2018 and considers Algeria as a full-fledged participant in the conflict rather than just an observer. This is a significant political step since the UNSC is explicitly saying that Algeria should take part in the Geneva talks with Morocco, Mauritania and Polisario.
Morocco’s solid position is also reflected in the tone of the UNSC, which has been in place for more than two years. The North African kingdom has repeatedly urged the UN to recognize Algeria’s leading role in the Sahara conflict, as well as its responsibility in finding a political solution that preserves regional stability.
Another important component of the new resolution is its call on conflicting parties to embrace pragmatism and political realism as the most viable – and only – way out of the decades-long diplomatic stagnation. Resolution 2602 thus represents a continuation of the paradigm shift that has been taking place in UN diplomacy on the Sahara issue for the past 15 years: the acknowledgment of the impossibility – or even delusion – of a referendum on self-determination.
More specifically still, since the adoption of Resolution 2414 in April 2018, the UNSC has emphasized that only through compromise and realism-based political negotiations can the Sahara conflict be brought to an end. The term “compromise” was mentioned three times in that resolution, four times in Resolution 2440, and five times in resolutions 2468, 2494, 2548 and 2602, respectively.
To gauge the political significance of the UN’s tone on the Sahara question, the current resolution must be compared to previous ones, particularly those adopted between April 2007 and April 2017. With the exception of resolutions 1754 and 1783, which do not use the term “compromise,” each of the other resolutions stressed the need for the parties to be guided by a spirit of compromise just once.
The same can be said of the term “realism.” Nowhere does the term “realism” appear in resolutions 1754 and 1783 adopted in April 2007, while it was mentioned only once in each of the resolutions adopted between April 2008 and October 2018.
The adoption of Resolution 2440, which stresses the need for realism twice, initiated a dramatic shift away from self-determination toward a compromise-based and realistic political solution. The “realism” principle has been cited three times in every UN resolution on the Sahara conflict since the adoption of Resolution 2464, including Resolution 2602.
This is especially an important aspect for any honest analysis of the Sahara conflict, given the importance of each word – verb, adverb or adjective – in Security Council or other UN bodies resolutions, and the fact that member state delegations sometimes spend an entire day debating the choice of this or that word.
By emphasizing the necessity of “compromise-based” negotiations to find a “practical” political solution to the Sahara conflict, the UNSC has once again rejected Algeria’s and the Polisario’s pleas to organize a referendum of self-determination.
All of the resolutions adopted since 2007 have shown that a solution to the issue should not produce victors and vanquished. It should rather be founded on compromise and political realism and driven by a genuine willingness to end the tragedy of thousands of Sahrawi families and avoid more regional instability.
However, as the main provider of financial, strategic and logistical support to the Polisario Front for more than four decades, Algeria considers any solution other than the establishment of an independent state in southern Morocco as an unacceptable defeat.
The writer is a Washington-based political analyst. He is an expert on Morocco’s foreign policy, as well as in MENA politics. He is the author of two books on the relations between Morocco and Spain, published in French. He is preparing a book about the Sahara in English to be published next spring. He is the co-founder of Morocco World News.
伊朗夫婦因通姦被判死刑
“令人難過的是，在 21 世紀，ISIS 仍然在掌權；在我美麗的國家伊朗。”
通過BENJAMIN WEINTHAL
發佈時間： 2021 年 11 月 8 日 03:38
更新時間： 2021 年 11 月 8 日 18:15
“一名已婚伊朗男子和他的男性情人在其岳父要求處決後因通姦被判處死刑，”太陽報週六報導。
“在伊朗，一名婚外性行為的男人和女人被判處死刑，”伊朗裔美國婦女活動家兼記者馬西赫·阿利內賈德 (Masih Alinejad) 發推文說。“它已獲得最高法院的批准。他們離執行只有一步之遙。請成為我們的聲音，拯救他們的生命。我呼籲國際社會傾聽我們的聲音，@jack！不要刪除這張照片。”
Jack 是該微博平台的首席執行官兼創始人 Jack Dorsey 的推特賬號。
“這個男人 27 歲，女人 33 歲，”Alinejad 說。“通過他們的手機，司法系統發現他們有婚外性行為。令人悲哀的是，在 [the] 21 世紀，ISIS ……仍然掌權；在我美麗的國家伊朗。
“根據伊朗的刑法，通姦對男人和女人都是'對上帝的犯罪'，”她說。“未婚男女可處100下鞭刑，已婚者則被判處死刑。”
伊斯蘭共和國在 2010 年因計劃用石頭砸死 Sakineh Mohammadi Ashtiani 而成為國際頭條新聞，後者被判犯有“已婚通姦罪”。在國際社會對她的處罰感到憤怒之後，伊朗政權收回了對她的石刑死刑。該政權對阿什蒂亞尼進行了 99 下鞭刑，她十幾歲的兒子觀察到了這一點。
《泰晤士報》在 2014 年報導說，阿什蒂亞尼在死囚牢房將近九年後獲准出獄。
庫爾德斯坦 24 號在 2018 年報導稱，伊朗法院以通姦罪判處兩名庫爾德婦女死刑。“一名名叫 Gulistan Jnikanlou 的庫爾德婦女被西阿塞拜疆省 Khoy 刑事法院判處死刑，被控犯下 zinah。”
Zinah 是一個阿拉伯術語，它定義了伊斯蘭教法禁止的性交行為。CNN 在 2013 年報導稱，“石刑仍然是伊朗人——絕大多數是女性——因通姦而受到懲罰的方式。”
伊朗裔美國人權活動家和專家勞丹·巴扎爾甘 (Lawdan Bazargan) 說：“在 21 世紀，伊朗伊斯蘭政權以通姦罪處以絞刑。使這個荒謬的決定更加卡夫卡式的原因是，妻子通奸的男人的父親要求法庭給予最嚴厲的懲罰。岳父連受害方都不是，卻用‘名譽殺人’的法律來報仇。
“伊斯蘭政權的法律是懲罰性的、報復性的和'以眼還眼'，而不是遵循人權或公正的製度，”她說。
中東問題專家約翰尼·摩爾牧師給《耶路撒冷郵報》發電子郵件說，“從字面上看，白宮一再表示，人權是他們外交政策的首要任務。顯然，他們的意思是：“除了伊朗。” 更不用說，伊朗在伊拉克​​的臥底部隊似乎剛剛試圖暗殺伊拉克總理——驚喜！– 白宮和國務院發表的聲明明智地、荒謬地完全避免提及“伊朗”。
他說：“美國人——民主黨人或共和黨人——不支持‘一項交易，任何交易，不惜一切代價，’”。“國會還需要多少理由立即要求白宮取消原定於 11 月 29 日在維也納恢復的 JCPOA [伊朗核協議]談判？相反，他們應該撤銷已經做出的讓步，並製裁所有剩下的人。”
Couple in Iran sentenced to death for adultery
"It is beyond sad that in 21st-century ISIS is it still in power; in my beautiful country Iran."
By BENJAMIN WEINTHAL
Published: NOVEMBER 8, 2021 03:38
Updated: NOVEMBER 8, 2021 18:15
Old rope with hangman’s noose (illustrative).
(photo credit: INGIMAGE)
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The Islamic Republic of Iran sentenced an Iranian man and woman to death for adultery after a father-in-law urged the judiciary to execute his son-in-law.
According to reports in the Persian language US government news organizations Voice of America and Radio Farda, Iran’s regime imposed the death penalty on a 27-year-old married man and his 33-year-old female lover named Sareh. The married man’s wife sought to withdraw the complaint against her husband in a last-ditch effort to spare his life, but her father overruled her attempt and demanded the death penalty.
The death penalty case was reported in the Iranian regime-controlled outlet Shargh Daily. The British news organizations The Daily Mail and The Sun, as well as the French news outlet AFP, reported that Iran’s regime planned to execute two gay men for same-sex relations. The outlets, according to an Iranian human rights activist, erred and confused the genders. The name Sareh is not typically a female name.
“A married Iranian man and his male lover have been sentenced to death for adultery after his father-in-law demanded they be executed,” reported The Sun on Saturday.
“A man & woman who had sex outside of marriage were sentenced to death in Iran,” tweeted Masih Alinejad, the Iranian-American women’s campaigner and journalist. “It’s been approved by the Supreme Court. They are one step away from execution. Please be our voice to save their lives. I call on the international community to hear us, @jack! Don’t remove this photo.”
Jack is the Twitter handle of Jack Dorsey, CEO and founder of the micro-blogging platform.
“The man is 27 years old and the woman is 33,” Alinejad said. “Through their mobile phone, the judiciary system found out that they had sex out of marriage. It is beyond sad that in [the] 21st-century ISIS is… still in power; in my beautiful country Iran.
“Under Iran’s penal code, adultery is a ‘crime against God’ for both men and women,” she said. “It is punishable by 100 lashes for unmarried men and women, but married offenders are sentenced to death.”
THE ISLAMIC Republic garnered international headlines in 2010 for its planned stoning to death of Sakineh Mohammadi Ashtiani, who was convicted of “adultery while married.” After international outrage over her penalty, Iran’s regime backtracked on its stoning death penalty. The regime imposed 99 lashes on Ashtiani, which was observed by her teenage son.
The Times reported in 2014 that Ashtiani was permitted to leave prison after almost nine years on death row.
Kurdistan 24 reported in 2018 that an Iranian court sentenced to death two Kurdish women on adultery charges. “A Kurdish woman by the name of Gulistan Jnikanlou was sentenced to death by the Khoy Criminal Court of West Azerbaijan Province, accused of committing zinah.”
Zinah is an Arabic term, which defines acts of sexual intercourse prohibited by Islamic Sharia law. CNN reported in 2013 that “stoning remains the way Iranians – overwhelmingly women – are punished for committing adultery.”
Iranian-American human rights activist and expert Lawdan Bazargan said that “In the 21st century, the Islamic Regime of Iran hangs people for committing adultery. What makes this absurd decision more Kafkaesque is that the father of the man whose wife committed adultery demanded from the court the most severe punishment. The father-in-law is not even an injured party, but he used ‘honor killing’ laws to take revenge.
“The Islamic Regime’s laws are punitive, retributional and ‘an eye for an eye’ instead of following human rights or a just system,” she said.
Rev. Johnnie Moore, who is an expert on the Middle East, e-mailed The Jerusalem Post saying that, “literally, the White House has said again and again that human rights are their top foreign policy priority. Clearly, what they meant was: ‘except when it comes to Iran.’ Not to mention, Iran’s undercover forces in Iraq appear to have just tried to assassinate the Iraqi prime minister and – surprise! – the statements issued by the White House & Department of State judiciously, absurdly avoid mentioning ‘Iran’ at all.
“Americans – Democrat or Republican – do not support ‘a deal, any deal, at whatever the cost,’ he said. “How many more reasons does Congress need to immediately demand the White House cancel the JCPOA [Iran nuclear deal] negotiations scheduled to resume in Vienna on November 29? Instead, they should revoke the concessions already made & sanction everyone and everything left to sanction.”
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