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Tradeoffs is an award-winning nonprofit news organization on a mission to help the folks on Main Street, Wall Street and Capitol Hill have smarter, more honest conversations about health policy. Founded in 2019 by former Senior Health Care Reporter at Marketplace, Dan Gorenstein, Tradeoffs’ journalism combines data, evidence and storytelling to help people better understand the complicated, costly and often counterintuitive world of health care. Learn more about us and find transcripts for e ...
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Mind & Matter

Nick Jikomes

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Whether food, drugs or ideas, what you consume influences who you become. Learn directly from the best scientists & thinkers alive today about how your mind-body reacts to what you feed it. The weekly M&M podcast features conversations with the most interesting scientists, thinkers, and technology entrepreneurs alive today. Not medical advice. At M&M, we are interested in trying to figure out how things work, not affirming our existing beliefs. We prefer consulting primary rather than second ...
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Editors at The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, in conversation with the journal’s authors, explore their latest research and its impact on people’s health, healthcare, and health policy. A monthly audio companion to the journal, this podcast covers a broad range of topics, from the effects of climate change to gender equity in young people’s sexual and reproductive health rights, violence against children to allergies, and more.
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Hugh Thomas, Deputy Editor at The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology, in conversation with the journal’s authors, explores their latest research and its impact on people’s health, healthcare, and health policy. A monthly audio companion to the journal, this podcast covers a broad range of topics, from predicting clinical outcomes in NAFLD to immunosuppressant withdrawal in patients with Crohn’s disease, the primary antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori to surgical versus non-surgica ...
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Send us a text About the guest: Angel Nadal, PhD is a biologist in Spain whose lab studies endocrine disruptors (e.g. microplastics), hormones (estrogen, insulin), and the endocrine functions of the pancreas in health & disease. Episode summary: Nick and Dr. Nadal discuss: endocrine biology of the pancreas; insulin and estrogen signaling in the pan…
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The next U.S. president will have to make consequential choices about the Affordable Care Act, prescription drug prices and abortion. We compare the positions of candidates Kamala Harris and Donald Trump on these major health policy issues. Guests: Michael Cannon, Director of Health Policy Studies, Cato Institute Ederlina Co, JD, Associate Professo…
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Send us a text About the guest: Gary Churchill, PhD is a statistician & geneticist at the Jackson Research laboratory in Maine. His lab uses a systems approach to investigate the genetics of complex biological traits in health & disease. Episode summary: Nick and Dr. Churchill discuss: his recent papers looking at the effects of caloric restriction…
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Send us a text About the guest: Ev Fedorenko is a neuroscientist at MIT. He lab studies the neural basis of language, speech, and thought in the human brain. Episode summary: Nick and Dr. Fedorenko discuss: the relationship between language and thought; the extent to which language is for thinking vs. communication; Noam Chomsky’s Universal Grammar…
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Journalist Paula Span, who writes The New Old Age column for the New York Times, shares what she’s learned about how to age well. Guest: Paula Span, reporter and The New Old Age columnist for the New York Times Learn more and read a full transcript on our website. Want more Tradeoffs? Sign up for our free weekly newsletter featuring the latest heal…
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Send us a text About the guest: Nir Lipsman, MD, PhD is a neurosurgeon and neuroscientist at the University of Toronto. Episode summary: Nick and Dr. Lipsman discuss: neurosurgery; the blood-brain barrier and how it works; using focused ultrasound technology to non-invasively treat patients; regulatory impediments to clinical research; costs, const…
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Send us a text About the guest: Marcelo Dietrich, MD, PhD is an associate professor in Comparative Medicine & Neuroscience at Yale University, where his lab studies the neural basis of behavior in mammals. Episode summary: Nick and Dr. Dietrich discuss: maternal care behavior, mother-infant bonding, and feeding in infant mammals; neural circuits re…
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U.S. companies spend more than $1 trillion annually on health care for their employees. To get this budget-busting figure under control, some companies are experimenting with cutting out insurers, and investing in primary care clinics at the office. Guests: Amy Cooper, NP, Vera Whole Health Bob Galvin, MD, former Chief Medical Officer, General Elec…
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Send us a text About the guest: Maxime Aubert, PhD is a geochemist & archeologist at Griffiths University in Australia. He specializes in the application of advanced analytical techniques to date the age of ancient rock art and hominin fossils. Episode summary: Nick and Dr. Aubert discuss: the oldest known cave art and what it depicts; human evolut…
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For decades, the most effective treatment for addiction to methamphetamine or cocaine has been mired in stigma and mostly limited to small research studies. But with deaths involving meth and cocaine on the rise, policymakers across the country are turning to gift cards to fight drug use. This story has been updated to clarify the research on long-…
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Send us a text About the guest: Nick Jikomes, PhD is the creator and host of the podcast. You can read more about him here. Episode summary: Nick answers questions from listeners on topics such as: his scientific background & interests; staying up-to-date on research & selecting guests; thoughts on psychedelic science & drug use; questions related …
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Many potent new medicines pose a host of challenges for drug companies trying to copy and sell similar versions on the cheap. Can those companies find a sustainable path forward, or will patients get left stuck paying exorbitant prices? Guests: Christine Baeder, MBA, President, Apotex USA Alfred Engelberg, JD, retired attorney and former counsel to…
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Send us a text About the guest: June Round, PhD is a microbiologist whose lab at the University of Utah studies microbiome-host interactions, gut microbiota, immunity, metabolism, obesity, and other disorders. Episode summary: Nick and Dr. Round discuss: how the immune system and gut microbiome interact; dietary fiber & short-chain fatty acid produ…
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America pays less, on average, than any other major country for our generic drugs. But selling essential drugs at such low prices comes with hidden costs — from quality problems to frequent shortages. This is the second episode of Race to the Bottom, a three-part series by Tradeoffs on the problems plaguing the generic drugs we all rely on — and ho…
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In this conversation we grapple with the complexity of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and discuss the Viewpoint published in The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health on "Asking difficult questions about fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, in the context of the child, the mother, and the systems in which they live". Read the full Viewpoint: https://www.…
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Send us a text About the guest: Gregory Scherrer, PharmD, PhD is a neuroscientist whose lab at the University of North Carolina studies the neural basis of pain, including its sensory, emotional, and cognitive components. Episode summary: Nick and Dr. Scherrer discuss: the neural basis of pain sensation & pain perception; opioids & the opioid syste…
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Paediatric Sepsis Series contributors Nelson Sánchez-Pinto and Luregn Schlapbach join Josefine Gibson to mark World Sepsis Day 2024. Read the full Series: https://www.thelancet.com/series/paediatric-sepsis?dgcid=buzzsprout_icw_podcast_generic_lanchi Continue this conversation on social! Follow us today at... https://twitter.com/thelancet https://in…
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Generic drugs are, in many ways, the unsung hero of America’s health care system, bringing powerful medical innovations within the reach of millions more people. These cheaper copies of brand-name drugs — from pills that stop heart attacks to antibiotics that cure life-threatening infections — save America hundreds of billions of dollars a year. Bu…
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Send us a text Special episode: Episodes in the Independent Scholars (IS) series are available in full to paid subscribers on the M&M Substack. This is a free, partial version. About the guest: Steven Rofrano became interested in human health & food, including ancestral vs. modern diets, from personal experiences in diet & allergies during college.…
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Send us a text About the guest: Gary Taubes is a researcher, science historian, and science journalist. He has written several books, including “Rethinking Diabetes.” Episode summary: Nick and Gary Taubes discuss: the field of nutrition epidemiology and why it’s filled with so much junk science; social factors influencing scientific research; the h…
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One organization turns to a game to get employees to debate and decide together what health care they most value. Guests: Paul Fronstin, Ph.D., Director, Health Benefits Research, Employee Benefits Research Institute Jeanette Janota, Senior Research Associate, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Tavril Saint Jean, Senior Research Associate…
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Send us a text About the guest: Austin Argentieri, PhD is a researcher in the Analytic & Translational Genetics Unit at the Massachusetts General Hospital with academic appointments at Harvard & the Broad Institute. His research focuses on large-scale analyses to to understand human aging. Episode summary: Nick and Dr. Argentieri discuss: chronolog…
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A handful of states allow terminally ill people to take life-ending medications prescribed by a doctor instead of waiting for death. This week, we talk with journalist Steven Petrow about his sister’s choice to use medical aid in dying. Guest: Steven Petrow, Journalist and author Learn more and read a full transcript on our website. Want more Trade…
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Send us a text About the guest: Sean Hartig, PhD is an associate professor at the Baylor College of Medicine, where is lab studies adipose (fat) tissue, metabolic regulation, and obesity & energy balance disorders. Episode summary: Nick and Dr. Hartig discuss: visceral vs. subcutaneous fat; white, brown, and beige adipose tissue; physiology of fat …
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Send us a text About the guest: Robin Carhart-Harris, PhD is a neuroscientist & psychopharmacologist. His lab at the University of California-San Francisco studies the effects of psychedelics and other drugs on the human brain, using neuroimaging and other approaches. Episode summary: Nick and Dr. Carhart-Harris discuss: psychedelics & the human br…
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In The Fifth Branch, Tradeoffs explored new ways to respond to people in a mental health crisis, this week we have look at another area of the mental health crisis the country is grappling with. 'Lost Patients', a new podcast from KUOW and The Seattle Times, dives into why so many people with mental illness live on the streets, and lack long-term c…
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Send us a text About the guest: Caetano Reis e Sousa, DPhil is an immunologist and Principal Group Leader at the Francis Crick Institute in London. His lab studies immune system function, including its ability to fight infection and cancer. Episode summary: Nick and Dr. Reis e Sousa discuss: dendritic cells & innate immunity; how the immune system …
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Send us a text About the guest: Robert Barton, PhD is an evolutionary anthropologist and Professor at Durham University. He studies the evolution of the brain and behavior across species, including humans. Episode summary: Nick and Dr. Barton discuss: mammalian brain evolution; how brain and body size scale across mammals; how metabolism relates to…
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The Inflation Reduction Act gave Medicare historic new power to directly negotiate the prices of some of the costliest prescription drugs. Now the federal agency must grapple with a difficult question: What makes a drug price fair? This week, we revisit our 2023 episode explaining how this negotiation process works and the impact it could have. Gue…
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Send us a text About the guest: Melissa Herman, PhD is a neuroscientist and associate professor at the University of North Carolina. Her lab studies the effects of drugs on the brain and behavior in rodents. Episode summary: Nick and Dr. Herman discuss: sex differences in the brain between males and females; behavioral variability among individuals…
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Send us a text About the guest: Giulia Santoni, PhD is a neuroscientist who obtained her PhD at the EPFL in Switzerland, where she studied epigenetic influences on memory formation. Episode summary: Nick and Dr. Santoni discuss: transcription & gene regulation; synaptic plasticity; learning & associative memory; epigenetics, histones, DNA methylati…
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Companies claim they can catch cancer sooner with new blood tests and full-body MRI scans. What are the risks and benefits? Guest: Ishani Ganguli, MD, MPH, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; primary care physician, Brigham and Women's Hospital Learn more and read a full transcript on our website. Want more Tradeoffs? Sign up f…
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Send us a text About the guest: Luis de Lecea, PhD is a neurobiologist whose lab at Stanford University studies the neural basis of sleep & wakefulness in animals. Episode summary: Nick and Dr. de Lecea discuss: the neural basis of sleep; sleep architecture & sleep phases (NREM vs. REM sleep); orexin/hypocretin neurons & the lateral hypothalamus; c…
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Alternative response teams are being asked to tackle vexing problems: mental illness, homelessness, addiction. How much can they actually do? We explore how Durham grapples with connecting people to long-term care and support, and where the city draws the line between crisis response and social services. Guests: Ryan Smith, Director, Durham Communi…
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Arndt Vogel (Toronto General Hospital) discusses the NALIRICC trial of nanoliposomal irinotecan added to fluorouracil plus leucovorin in patients with cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma previously treated with gemcitabine-based therapies. Read the full article: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langas/article/PIIS2468-1253(24)00119-5?dgc…
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Send us a text About the guest: Iain Oswald, PhD is an organic chemist and Director of Research & Development at Abstrax Tech. Episode summary: Nick and Dr. Oswald discuss: plant chemistry; marijuana strains and their aroma; the chemical basis of cannabis aroma; terpenes vs. non-terpene volatile organic compounds; and more. Related episodes: Mariju…
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How do you keep everyone safe? We look at HEART’s impact on the safety of Durham residents in crisis, the mental health workers responding, and the police. Guests: David Prater, Peer Support Specialist, Durham Department of Community Safety Ryan Smith, Director, Durham Department of Community Safety Yolanda, Durham resident Sgt. Dan Leeder, Durham …
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Send us a text Special episode: Episodes in the Independent Scholars (IS) series are available in full to paid subscribers on the M&M Substack. This is a free, partial version. About the guest: Rudyard Lynch is a history and anthropology scholar and host of the popular YouTube channel, whatifalthist. Episode summary: Nick and Rudyard discuss: histo…
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How do you convince police officers that it makes sense to send unarmed mental health workers to some 911 calls? Guests: Patrice Andrews, Police Chief, Durham Police Department Ryan Smith, Director, Durham Department of Community Safety Sgt. Dan Leeder, Durham Police Department Abena Bediako, Clinical Manager, Durham Department of Community Safety …
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Send us a text About the guest: Michael Lynch, PhD is an evolutionary biologist at Arizona State University who studies the origins of genomic and cellular complexity. Episode summary: Nick and Dr. Lynch discuss: natural selection vs. genetic drift; genetic mutations & the speed of evolution; origin of life; the evolution of cellular complexity; ep…
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EMS, Fire, Police and the 911 Call Center make up the existing four branches of the public safety system. A special series from Tradeoffs and The Marshall Project explores how a city radically changes its response to people in crisis, by creating a fifth branch. Nearly half of the country’s 50 largest cities - including San Francisco, New York, Hou…
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Send us a text About the guest: Richard Bazinet, PhD is neurochemist and nutritional scientist at the University of Toronto. His lab studies brain lipid metabolism in health and disease. Episode summary: Nick and Dr. Bazinet discuss: lipid metabolism in the liver and brain; dietary fatty acids (saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated); fatty ac…
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Nancy Baxter (University of Melbourne) discusses a population-based study on the duration of risk reduction in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality after a complete colonoscopy. Read the full article: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langas/article/PIIS2468-1253(24)00084-0?dgcid=buzzsprout_icw_podcast_generic_langas Continue this conversatio…
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Send us a text Special episode: Episodes in the Independent Scholars (IS) series are available in full to paid subscribers on the M&M Substack. This is a free, partial version. About the guest: Tucker Goodrich is an independent researcher and self-described “seed oil zealot” who credits many of his own health improvements with minimizing his consum…
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In this special bonus episode, we break down the Supreme Court’s recent abortion rulings with help from health reporter Shefali Luthra. Guest: Shefali Luthra, Health Reporter, The 19th Learn more and read a full transcript on our website. Want more Tradeoffs? Sign up for our free weekly newsletter featuring the latest health policy research and new…
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Medicare is betting that taking care of the caregiver will help dementia patients stay at home longer. Patients and their caregivers are often left to navigate the confusing world of dementia by themselves, but Medicare is launching a new program to change that. Guests: Malaz Boustani, MD, PhD, Founding Director, Sandra Eskenazi Center for Brain Ca…
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Send us a text About the guest: Melissa Sharpe, PhD is a neuroscientist. Her lab at the University of Sydney studies reinforcement and reward learning in rodents. Episode summary: Nick and Dr. Sharpe discuss: dopamine and its association with reward learning and motivation; reinforcement learning & the brain; the lateral hypothalamus and feeding be…
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Send us a text About the guest: Boris Heifets, MD, PhD is an anesthesiologist and researcher at Stanford University. His lab studies non-ordinary states of consciousness and psychoactive drugs like MDMA, ketamine, and psychedelics. Episode summary: Nick and Dr. Heifets discuss: anesthesia and how anesthetics work; placebo effects & expectations in …
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One out of every four Medicare patients in the hospital is the victim of a medical error. Over the past 20 years, a growing number of hospitals have adopted practices that discuss medical mistakes and offer support to the people who must cope with the often tragic consequences. We examine why experts are calling on the Biden Administration to make …
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Send us a text About the guest: Robert Malenka, MD, PhD is psychiatrist & neuroscientist. He has spent most of his career at Stanford University, where his lab studies synaptic plasticity, mechanisms of drug action in the brain, and the neural basis of behavior. Episode summary: Nick and Dr. Malenka discuss: mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in the…
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